Good day, and welcome to the Reinsurance Group of America third quarter 2023 earnings conference call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. Should you need assistance, please signal a conference specialist by pressing the star key followed by zero. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on a touch-tone phone. To withdraw your question, please press star, then two. Please note, this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Todd Larson, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Please go ahead. Thank you. Welcome to RGA's third quarter 2023 conference call. I'm joined on the call this morning with Anna Manning, RGA's Chief Executive Officer, Tony Cheng, President, Leslie Barbi, Chief Investment Officer, and Jonathan Porter, Chief Risk Officer. A quick reminder before we get started regarding forward-looking information and non-GAAP financial measures. Some of our comments or answers to your questions may contain forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from expected results. Please refer to the earnings release we issued yesterday for a list of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expected results. Additionally, during the course of this call, the information we provide may include non-GAAP financial measures. Please see our earnings release, earnings presentation, and quarterly financial supplement, all of which are posted on our website, for discussion of these terms and reconciliations to GAAP measures. Now I'll turn the call over to Anna for her comments. Thank you, Todd. Good morning. Thank you for joining our call today. Last night, we reported third quarter adjusted operating earnings of $5.57 per share, and a trailing 12-month adjusted operating ROE of 14.7%, or 14%, excluding notable items. This quarter's results included very good performance in many of our regions and business lines, continuing to show the strength of the large underlying earnings engine in our business, as well as the ongoing success of our growth strategy that is adding meaningful long-term value to that engine. Let me touch on a few of the many highlights in the quarter, which include a continuation of new business momentum in our organic flow business with a measurable pickup in Asia. Underwriting results were favorable overall, and in particular, we saw very favorable mortality experience in our U.S. individual business, as well as favorable experience in our U.S. group and individual health businesses. In Asia, the Traditional business also delivered favorable underwriting results. Our Global Financial Solutions business had another strong quarter, with contributions from both investment spreads and favorable Longevity experience. This story is a familiar one as the GFS business has consistently produced excellent results over a number of quarters and years. Investment performance in the quarter was good, as new money rates continued to rise and are at levels well above our portfolio yield. Variable investment income was in line with our expectations, while impairments were low. We believe our investment portfolio is well positioned to withstand ongoing economic uncertainties. We deployed $203 million of capital into in-force and other transactions in the quarter, bringing the year-to-date total to $587 million. This means that in just the first three quarters, we have already exceeded the total amount of capital deployed in each of the last two years, which were of themselves at impressive levels. On the capital management side, we repurchased $50 million of shares, bringing the year-to-date total to $150 million in share repurchases. Our new business pipelines are very healthy, and we are expecting a strong finish to the year. Putting it all together, business momentum is strong for both our organic flow and in-force block businesses. Higher interest rates are very good tailwinds for our business, and they are also a contributing driver of new in-force opportunities. Our earnings power and capital levels position us extremely well, allowing us to pursue attractive growth opportunities with balancing, returning excess capital to shareholders over time. Industry dynamics are favorable. We are well-positioned with the capabilities and proven track record to continue to benefit from all those dynamics. We believe many, many things are coming together for us, and we are optimistic about our future and our ability to continue to deliver attractive returns for our shareholders. As you know, this is my last quarterly earnings call, and I have just a few comments to end my prepared remarks. It has been a privilege and an honor to lead RGA for the past seven years. RGA is a great company. We are a global leader with a proven, resilient, and highly valuable franchise. The depth of talent here is second to none. I leave knowing that RGA will be in excellent hands with Tony and the leadership team, and with a future that is very bright for RGA, and I will close my remarks by thanking our investors for their trust and support over the years. Thank you. With that, I will hand it over to Tony. Good morning, everyone. Let me start by thanking Anna for her leadership and immense contributions to RGA. There is no question in my mind that Anna leaves behind a company that is stronger than ever. Our excitement and optimistic future are very much due to her leadership over the past seven years. Turning to this quarter's performance, I am enthusiastic to share these excellent results. Yes, the industry dynamics are very favorable, but this is just part of the picture. RGA has a very strong franchise and an incredibly talented team to capitalize on this environment. We provide innovative solutions that help solve some of the life and health industry's biggest challenges. These challenges become our clients' greatest opportunities, and we have always been very focused on helping them succeed and growing alongside them. Thus, there are many opportunities for RGA to grow our business and support our clients all around the world. This is another excellent quarter in which we have demonstrated our ability to execute on the growth strategy, deliver attractive returns for shareholders, and build upon our future earnings power. As previously shared, we have highlighted four areas of notable growth: Global PRT and Longevity, Asia Traditional, U.S. Traditional, and the Asia Asset-Intensive business. Based upon another strong quarter of new business wins and the deployment of capital into transactions, there is little doubt that we are firing on all cylinders. Our internal measure of new business and better value shows we are well ahead of our targets and the year-ago period. As important as the quantity of new business is, so is the breadth and the quality. We see the breadth by virtue of the fact that all our businesses across the company are contributing strongly to our success. In terms of the quality, one measure we use is the amount of business coming from exclusive arrangements with clients. On this measure, we are achieving performance well ahead of our goal. In order to obtain exclusives, these transactions usually involve innovative initiatives that create greater value for our clients and RGA. Let me share a few specific highlights in terms of our new business activity in the quarter. To start, U.S. Traditional had a very strong quarter for new business. This was driven by a number of wins across the platform, and the pipelines remain strong. We continue to see strong demand for our broad range of underwriting programs. One transaction to note is an exclusive opportunity where we recently worked with one of the largest term writers in the market. We partnered with them to fully understand and help them accomplish their goals and objectives. In return, they rewarded this partnership with a sizable quota share reinsurance transaction. In Global PRT Longevity, we were very active and successful in Q3. I am happy to report that we completed our second PRT transaction in the U.S. for over $800 million in premium. In line with our previously communicated strategy, we have entered into arrangements with established PRT insurers to jointly bid on certain transactions, and this transaction was one with a second partner. Our U.S. PRT business continues to gain momentum. The market is very active, and we remain highly confident of our prospects in this sizable and growing market. In addition, our Longevity business remains very strong, and we completed a couple of significant transactions in Europe, adding to the very active first half of the year. We continue to see a strong pipeline of business in the region and remain optimistic. In Asia, we continue to see increasing demand for the new products we have launched with our partners, some of the leading life insurers in the region. Successful new products were launched in Japan, Korea, China, and Hong Kong during the quarter. In Hong Kong, the industry continues to see strong momentum from the additional tailwinds that have followed the reopening of the Hong Kong-China border. As you know, visitors from China are a material source of business for the Hong Kong insurance market. One particular success to note was an exclusive solution we provided to a major client that was a combined product development, underwriting, and a capital management solution. As previously mentioned, we are world-class in each of these areas, and when we combine all three into one transaction, it results in RGA winning exclusive reinsurance. As a final recognition of our success, I am pleased to announce RGA has been successful in winning a number of awards in Asia over the past quarter. The most significant wins were the Asian Life Reinsurer of the Year and the Asian Insurance Review Innovation of the Year awards. We are excited with the success that we are having, not only in Asia, but very much across the globe. Thus, I have a tremendous amount of confidence in RGA's future and in our ability to continue to deliver growth and attractive returns to our shareholders over many years to come. We see many attractive growth opportunities, and RGA will pursue these with vigor and creativity, but as always, with strong risk discipline and with the long-term focus that has positioned us so well for future success. Thank you for your interest in RGA. I will now turn it over to Todd to discuss the financial results. Thanks, Tony. RGA reported pretax adjusted operating income of $481 million for the quarter, and adjusted operating earnings per share of $5.57, which includes a foreign currency tailwind of $0.01 per share. Trailing 12-month adjusted operating return on equity was 14.7%. Excluding the assumption changes under LDTI, referred to as notable items, trailing 12-month adjusted operating return on equity was 14%. We are pleased with the strong quarterly results, as well as new business volumes, capital deployment, and investment results. I did want to make a few comments on the assumption changes that occurred in the quarter. Our annual review of reserve assumptions resulted in a net positive financial impact of $3 million pre-tax to consolidated results. In the specific geographic segments and various business lines, the net impacts were modest, with many natural offsets. Thinking about this from a high level, this shouldn't be a surprise given our diversified platform, both geographically and by product, with mortality and Longevity the most obvious. The U.K. is a good example, where we reflected our expectation of some level of continued excess mortality that we have been seeing in the population and in our results. This has had an unfavorable impact to the Traditional line and a favorable impact on our Longevity business. Turning to financial results, reported premiums were up 31% for the quarter. This quarter's increase includes more than $800 million in premium from our second U.S. PRT transaction this year that Tony mentioned earlier. Also, as Tony and Anna mentioned, we have strong momentum in new business activity and expect to continue to see attractive premium growth over time. As we move to the quarterly segment results, starting on slide six of the earnings presentation, I would like to note that we are discussing results that exclude the impact of assumption changes discussed earlier. U.S. and Latin America Traditional segment reflected favorable mortality in our individual mortality business and good results in group and individual health. In individual mortality, we saw a very favorable experience that was widespread, primarily driven by lower frequency. This experience occurred in both our capped and uncapped cohorts. As we've previously discussed under LDTI, a portion of the underlying mortality experience for uncapped cohorts is reported in the current period earnings, and the remaining experience is spread into future periods. That is what we saw this quarter, where about half of the favorable mortality results were spread into the future. The U.S. Asset-Intensive business results were strong, reflecting improved investment spreads, primarily due to higher yields on floating rate securities. Our U.S. Capital Solutions business continues to perform in line with our expectations. Canada Traditional results reflected unfavorable group experience, while individual mortality experience was favorable, but a large part of this experience will be spread into the future per LDTI. The Financial Solutions business reflected favorable Longevity experience. In the Europe, Middle East, and Africa segment, the Traditional business results reflected unfavorable mortality experience, most of which was recognized in the current quarter. EMEA's Financial Solutions business results reflected favorable Longevity experience. Turning to our Asia Pacific Traditional business, results reflected favorable claims experience, much of which was recognized in the current period. Additionally, we have put a fair amount of attractive new business on the books in recent periods, and that is having a beneficial impact. Finally, there's a modest favorable effect from a one-time item. The Asia Pacific Financial Solutions business results were in line with our expectations. The corporate and other segment reported pretax adjusted operating loss of $25 million, less than the expected quarterly range, primarily due to higher investment income. Moving on to investments on slides nine through 12 in our earnings presentation, the non-spread portfolio yield for the quarter was 4.72%, reflecting higher yields. For non-spread business, our new money rate rose to 6.31%, reflecting higher available market yields with select opportunities in private assets and structured securities. Credit impairments were low, and we believe the portfolio is well-positioned as we move through ongoing economic uncertainties. Related to capital management, as shown on slides 13 and 14 of our earnings presentation, our capital and liquidity position remains strong, and we ended the quarter with excess capital of approximately $1.1 billion. In the quarter, we deployed $203 million of capital in the in-force and other transactions, bringing the year-to-date total to $587 million. We also returned a total of $106 million of capital to shareholders through $50 million of share repurchases and $56 million in dividends. We expect to remain active in deploying capital into attractive growth opportunities in our organic flow and in-force block transactions, and returning excess capital to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. We continued our long track record of increasing book value per share. As shown on slide 15, our book value per share, excluding AOCI, increased to $142.63, which represents a compounded annual growth rate of 10.8% since the beginning of 2021. The first three quarters of 2023 have been particularly strong, with each quarter coming in ahead of consensus estimates and expectations. So I thought it would be helpful to go through the main drivers from our perspective. First, very strong organic new business and in-force transactions. Anna and Tony have already reflected on the fact that both of these drivers have been very strong and above our expectations for the year. In some cases, revenues from these sources have an immediate benefit to current profits, while in other cases, profits initially emerge in an increasing pattern. But in either case, we have been building current and future earnings power through capital deployment in the quality new business and in-force transactions over the past few years. Second, underwriting results. Across the organization, we have generally had very good underwriting results this year. The particular areas of strength include Asia Traditional, U.S. Traditional, and our Longevity business across the various geographies. Under LDTI, some of this underwriting experience is recognized in the current period, whereas the rest is spread out into the future. Third, interest rates. We have been explicit in the past that the low interest rate environment in place for a number of years was a headwind for us. Now that we are in a higher interest rate environment, we have had, and should continue to have, a nice tailwind to our investment yields and earnings. While we incorporated an expectation of higher rates into our 2023 plans, short-term and long-term rates are higher than we assumed and are providing some incremental benefit. Going forward, as long as new money rates stay higher than our portfolio yield, we should pick up additional benefit on a gradual basis. Fourth, in-force management. In-force management has always been a lever for us. The actions taken have had and will have a positive effect on our results over time. Given these dynamics, we are running ahead of our intermediate-term financial targets and current run rates provided at our June Investor Day. As we look forward with these drivers in mind, we would expect to provide relevant updates. To summarize, we are very pleased with our third- quarter performance, which follows a strong first half of the year. Our business is resilient, with substantial underlying earnings power. Momentum is strong, and we see good opportunities across our geographies and business lines. Looking forward, we are well- positioned for the future and expect to deliver attractive returns to shareholders over time. This concludes our prepared remarks. We'd now like to open it up for questions. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. To ask a question, you may press star, then one on your touchtone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset before pressing the key. If at any time your question has been addressed and you would like to withdraw your question, please press star then two. In the interest of time, please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. Please queue if you have additional questions. At this time, we will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. The first question today comes from Ryan Krueger with KBW. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning. Todd, in the things you just went over in terms of the drivers of the strong year-to-date results, it seems like the new business growth, interest rates, and in-force management would all have, you know, ongoing recurring benefits, and the one that might not be as recurring would just be the favorable underwriting experience. So I was hoping that you could—are you able to give us any color on or quantification of just how favorable the year-to-date results have been from an underwriting perspective relative to your expectations? Yeah, so I can give you, I have it by hand, the current, but I was going to size just from an underwriting perspective. You know, for the current quarter, I'd size it at around, what went through the income statement, around $60 million, roughly. Now, remember, under LDTI, that's the portion that was recognized currently. Overall, underwriting for the quarter was probably, you know, closer to $150 million or so. Perfect. Okay. So $60 million came through the actual income statement, though? In a quarter for, yeah. Yes, in the quarter. Okay, got it. And then, separately, you had done the second PRT transaction. I think it's with a different partner than the first one. Are you able to tell us who the partner is? And then, I guess, on a go-forward basis, are there built-in arrangements in terms of jointly bidding, or is it deal specific? . Yeah, Ryan, let me, let me take that. To start with, on the PRT business, as we've shared, we think there's great opportunities in this market, and we are very excited with our successes to date. As we've previously shared, we feel we're one of the natural homes for Longevity risk, given we have such a big book of mortality business, as well as our capabilities and our data that were built up over many, many years on the mortality side as well as the Longevity side in Europe. To answer your question, yes, I can share the second partner, and that partner is Prudential. And to answer your other question, the different partnerships have clear guidelines on the type of pension funds we will consider with each partner. We price the transactions, obviously, but coordinate closely on the presentations of our offer as a combined package. The next question comes from Wes Carmichael with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning. First, just want to say congrats, Anna, and best wishes for your retirement. I think, Todd, you mentioned a one-time favorable item in Asia. Would you be able to give us some additional color on that? Sure. If you had to size it, it was around $10 million in the quarter, and it's, you know, $10 million-$12 million, if I remember correctly. And it related to just some way we classified as an underlying treaty and the way the financial reporting worked for that. So sort of a reserve adjustment true up that then going forward, it'll be more of a normal, you know, pattern. So it really was sort of an isolated one-time item for the quarter. Got it. Thanks. And maybe a higher level question, but have you guys given any thought to, you know, the advancement of the GLP-1 drugs, and could that have an impact on RGA's results over the longer term, as you know, the cost issues are dealt with and adoption becomes more widespread? Yeah. Hi, Wes. This is Jonathan. Yeah, so you're referring to drugs that are used to manage obesity. I think, you know, it's probably too early to tell what the long-term impact is, but certainly we're encouraged by the potential benefits to both mortality and morbidity, and as you mentioned, specifically, as the cost comes down and they become more widespread, I think it's something that we're keenly following. The next question comes from John Barnidge from Piper Sandler. Please go ahead. Good morning, and thank you very much. You had talked about the main drivers of better earnings, kind of walk through it. When you talk about in-force management, can you maybe talk about how much of that in-force has been repricing actions and, the pipeline for more of that prospectively? Thank you. Thanks, John. Let me take that one. Look, our stance on in-force management hasn't changed. I mean, we do not hesitate to, you know, exercise our rights in the treaty, but we've been very focused, as with pretty much everything we do, on a partnership approach. So you know, that involves obviously being very holistic and considering, you know, the whole relationship across the world with that client, considering, you know, future opportunities for partnership and new business and so on and so forth. So I would say, you know, we've sort of covered a lot of the low-hanging fruit, for lack of a better word, and but we continue very focused on this strategy, to find any ways where, once again, from a partnership perspective, there's opportunities for win-win situations between ourselves and our partners. Thank you for that. My follow-up question, you hear more and more carriers talking about automating their underwriting, and you have the data to power that. When you think about from a primary perspective within the U.S. life insurance market, how much of that is automated, and what's the hurdle there? And opportunity. Thank you. What's the hook and opportunity? Sorry. What's the hurdle for some of these primary carriers from implementing it today? And because we've seen a number of them talk about doing more automated underwriting within their portfolio. Thank you. Yeah. Look, you know, automation of underwriting obviously is a theme very big in the U.S. and across the globe. You know, and each of our clients obviously work very closely with us on that. Our focus is a broad range of underwriting capabilities. So we absolutely work very closely with our clients to automate as well as provide the facultative as well as a multitude of services in between. So, you know, I'd say the hurdles really depends on client by client, obviously, size and scale, but it's clearly a strong trend that we're very much partnering with our clients and the industry to facilitate them further. The next question comes from Joel Hurwitz with Dowling & Partners. Please go ahead. Hi, good morning. I wanted to start on the interest rate tailwinds. Can you provide some color on the level of incremental benefits versus what's in your guidance if new money yields stay around current levels? Oh, yes. Thanks. This is Leslie, and I think maybe it's helpful if I just compare this quarter to last quarter. So if you focus in on our non-spread business, the incremental difference from higher yields has been about $5 million on the quarter. That is sustainable if we stay at these yield levels that we had at quarter end, and they're moved up a bit. And they'll actually probably be a little additional tailwind in the fourth quarter, 'cause as you know, the yields really moved up sharply towards the end of the quarter. So think these levels, the $5 million and maybe a little bit more in the fourth quarter. Okay, very helpful. And then just shifting to the in-force activities. Obviously, year-to-date capital deployment's very strong there. I guess, do you see this level persisting over the intermediate time? And then can you just talk about where you see the strongest opportunities? I know much of the activity has been in GFS, but are you seeing more opportunities with the Traditional business? Yeah, let me take that one. You know, the growth in our deployment, as Anna mentioned, the growth in our deployment of capital into the business, we've already surpassed all of last year. We have, obviously, very strong momentum, and we have no reason to believe that won't continue, you know, across the globe. You know, obviously, with regards to our four major areas of notable growth, you know, Asia, the Asset-Intensive business, we've already discussed a bit, on the PRT in the U.S., which is also Asset-Intensive, and other parts of the world. So the prospects are very strong on both the GFS, as well as the Traditional business. We do from time to time see in-force opportunities arising, particularly in the U.S. I want to also say, you know, we spoke earlier about in-force management. Our ability to partner with clients, when we have to, discuss with them in-force actions, and their, how can I put it? Their experience when they work with us on that sort of differentiates us, so that when they have other blocks of business, you know, they're more prone to work with us on those opportunities. The next question comes from Tom Gallagher with Evercore. Please go ahead. Good morning. Todd, I just wanted to come back to your response to Ryan's question. The favorable underwriting this quarter, overall, I think you said was around $150 million, $60 million of which actually came through in the quarter. Do I have that right? Yeah, that's specific to the claims activity. That's right. Okay. That's it. That's on both Traditional and GFS. Gotcha. So is, Todd, the right way to think about this, that the $90 million that is deferred is going to come through very slowly in the future, that'll get amortized in future periods over, I don't know, 10 years? You know, is there a way, how should we think about that $90 million? Yeah, that's right. It'll be amortized over time in the future, and depending on which cohorts it's in and the underlying product, it'll depend on the duration of the underlying, you know, liability. It probably is ten years or longer on average. The next question comes from Jimmy Bhullar with JP Morgan. Please go ahead. Hey, thanks. Good morning. First, maybe for Leslie, on the new money yield, obviously, you're benefiting from the rise in interest rates. I think you highlighted that the yields also benefited from a shift in allocation to private and to structured investments. Then did you highlight that to sort of imply that maybe this quarter, the new money yield is trending above what it normally would have trended because you opportunistically increased allocations there, or, and should we expect it to maybe not be as high, or was that just were the allocations still normal versus where you expect them to be going forward? Oh, thank you. I'm glad you asked that. If that wasn't clear, I think the comment really about the select opportunities was to make it clear, I guess, that we have a broad platform, and we're actively selecting and not everything is driven by just interest rates that show up on our doorstep. But actually, the allocation of privates was a little bit less than the second quarter. In the second quarter, I think I had noted we had a bit higher allocation, so that shift in mix was actually a bit of a negative on the quarter. But generally, we're at very healthy yield levels because of our broad platform. So nothing to suggest that if rates go up more, your yields shouldn't incrementally improve from even the high levels that it was at in 3Q? Yeah, correct. In fact, as you know, rates went up much more towards the end of the quarter. So, you know, if you're going from the 9.30 level, that would be supportive going forward. The next question comes from Tracy Benguigui with Barclays. Please go ahead. Thank you. Just have a very basic question. You could do a U.S. PRT transaction jointly with an insurance insurer partner, or you could do some type of PRT reinsurance. I'm wondering which path has a greater earnings potential? It would be the path that we've pursued, so the side-by-side partnership with PRT insurers. Okay, perfect. And because you also have a presence in Bermuda, wondering if you had any early views on the consultation paper that's out there, particularly on the scenario-based analysis? Yeah. Hi, Tracy, it's Todd. Yeah, we have been monitoring that. Yeah, you're correct. We do have a company or companies in Bermuda. You know, based on our analysis for RGA, we don't expect a material impact. We actually do not use the scenario-based approach, so that the changes to that will not impact us directly. The next question comes from Suneet Kamath with Jefferies. Please go ahead. Thanks. Good morning. Your interest rate leverage seems like it's coming in much stronger than I think we expected. Is there a way to help us think through how much of that is due to sort of the long end of the curve versus the short end of the curve? Hi, it's Leslie. The, you know, I would say the beat, the numbers I was quoting before, the change quarter-over-quarter are really, I would say half and half. It's sort of the short end of the curve, still, and then we have done a nice job over this period of higher interest rates and, doing some extension trades and locking in those higher yields for longer. So it's kind of half and half. Okay, that's, that's helpful. And then I guess for, for Tony, I think you had mentioned in your prepared comments, the embedded value or value of new business was, is much higher on the stuff that you've added recently. Is there a way to think about that from a ROE perspective? In other words, what are the returns that you're getting on sort of the, the new business that you've been adding relative to that, I guess, 8%, 11%-13% ROE target that you always talk about? Yeah, and thanks for the question. Yeah, as you mentioned, I mean, you know, the new business is coming in strong, the breadth, the quality and the volume. You know, to add further to that, you know, we're very pleased with the returns on the new business. And that's why we've mentioned a few times, you know, the exclusivities, because when you are able to sort of grow the pie for you and your partner, then both partners benefit from that. So, you know, 11%-13%, you know, our pricing targets are higher than that. And once again, we're just very pleased with the returns we're seeing on the new business. The next question comes from Mike Ward with UBS. Please go ahead. Thanks. Good morning and congratulations, Anna. I maybe just to expand on Wes' question on the GLP-1s. A number of years ago, you guys sort of shared this high-level, hypothetical type of sensitivity to you know, a one-year extension of life expectancies. I was just wondering if you could help us think through that hypothetical again, just given your mix and whatnot. Yeah. Hi, Mike, it's Jonathan. Yeah, I don't have sort of a number at the top of my head to be able to provide you, but I mean, I guess you can think of it maybe in the context of, you know, again, this super high level. If you were to push out everyone's death by one more year, we basically would collect an extra year of premium. So that, that's maybe some way to give you a very high-level context for that, but let me take that away and see if there's, you know, kind of a different way to think about it. And, you know, maybe we can look to provide some further information at Investor Day next year or something like that. Awesome. But yeah, that sounds great. And then, I was just wondering if there's any sort of update on the third-party capital vehicles strategies, specifically the revamped Langhorne. Yeah. Hi, this is Todd. Yeah, no, alternative capital remains important strategically for us. Before I answer your specific Langhorne question, you know, we have been active in alternative capital around things like embedded value, securitizations, you know, surplus notes and some strategic retrocessions. So it's not just the third-party capital element that we include in sort of our alternative capital considerations. But as far as the successor to Langhorne, we have taken the lessons that we've learned from Langhorne and have been developing sort of the next generation version, if you will, or structure. We're pretty far along on execution, and hopefully we'll execute here in the near future as far as closing that one out. The next question comes from Alex Scott with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Hi, first question for you is just a follow-up on the Bermuda regulatory changes. I wanted to, I guess, ask if you, if what you're seeing in some of those regulations and how it's impacting the market there would actually go as far as to impact the competitive environment? You know, certainly you guys aren't necessarily competing directly with the private equity-backed companies on every deal, but, you know, where, where you do overlap with them, are you seeing any signs of an easing competitive environment related to this? Yeah. Thank you. No, we, you know, obviously, it's anecdotal, you know, we look at every deal, but no, we have started seeing some signs as, you know, the Bermuda regulator changes or speaks of changes, then the competitive environment does change. And as Todd mentioned, you know, given our practices, that's only favorable for us. Got it. Second question I had is a little more broad and for you, Tony. I wanted to ask, you know, as we think through 2024, you know, first full year as CEO, what are the, you know, what's the short list of things that you're most focused on? And I know that's broad, and this has been in the works for a while, but was just interested in, you know, hearing you opine on that. Yeah. No, thanks. Thanks for the question. Look, our strategy is only two years old, and really, the focus is very much on execution. We feel we've got obviously incredibly many opportunities across the globe. You know, we're firing on all cylinders right now. Yeah, the past 12 months has been really the only period, you know, post-COVID, when the world has fully opened up. So it's all about focus and execution and delivery. And, you know, teams are energized and excited. You know, strong balance sheet, you know, incredible brand, all the positives are there. And, you know, it's now up to us to continue to focus and execute and deliver. The next question comes from Wes Carmichael with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead. Hey, thanks for taking my follow-up. I had a question on the U.S. Traditional segment. I think we saw in the financials, a remeasurement gain, and you said mortality experience, I think, was favorable. So are you seeing anything new there or is that maybe just more quarterly volatility? Yeah, for the quarter, in the U.S., mortality markets, as I mentioned in my comments, you know, we saw some, you know, very favorable mortality, you know, primarily due to frequency. I don't think we saw anything unusual. It's pretty much widespread as far as the favorable experience there. Sure. And I guess, Todd, what I'm trying to kind of get at is, are you still kind of expecting excess mortality continues into 2024, or are you kind of changing your thinking at all from your outlook at Investor Day? Yeah, maybe I'll take that one, Wes. So it's Jonathan. Yeah, we do. Our outlook is still pretty much consistent with what we thought at Investor Day. So, you know, we're pleased to see some of the trends where excess mortality in the population is coming down. I think now it's around 1%-2%, if you look at the most recent couple of quarters. But we still believe that excess mortality will continue in the intermediate term. And of course, that's reflected in our assumption that we've got in our business and in our reserves. We haven't, at this point, changed our expectation for long-term mortality improvement. The next question comes from Tom Gallagher with Evercore. Please go ahead. Thanks for taking the follow-up. Just a question on Asia. What's driving such a good level of favorability in the Traditional business? Is it life insurance underwriting? Is it critical illness? Is it both? Because I'm guessing if it's critical illness, there might be something that's a little more sustainable to that. But just curious if you how you're seeing that. Yeah, maybe I'll take that one. You know, I mean, really, there's a number of drivers in Asia that we're very happy with. You know, part of it is the fact that we feel, being a U.S. company, you know, and with obviously strong Asian presence and strong teams, allows us to leverage off a sweet spot we have, which is being able to, you know, create new products, you know, with liabilities such as Critical Illness and mortality. But also connect that with the ability to reinsure on the asset side of the balance sheet. So that's a pretty unique attribute out there in Asia. So that's what's driving most of the performance, is that ability to gain those exclusives and create more value for ourselves as well as our partners to share in. You know, like you mentioned, I mean, critical illness is one of the major risks there, more so than mortality. But it's something that we've been doing in Asia and the rest of the globe for probably about 25 years now. Okay, thanks. The next question comes from Jimmy Bhullar with JP Morgan. Please go ahead. I just wanted to follow up on the Asia business and specifically on Australia, on how that's been performing over the last few quarters. Because I think you've obviously had charges there in the past, but I'm assuming that it's doing better given results in the Asia division overall. Yeah. Hey, Jimmy, it's Todd. Yeah, so for the quarter, for Australia, I think excluding notable items, there was a modest profit. I think year to date, we're, you know, it, it's profitable. It's still not, you know, back to the level that we would like to, to see it at, but it's, you know, moving in the right direction is the best way. You know, we have been cautious there the last several years as far as new business, and that's—so, going forward, things are, I think, heading, heading in the right direction. Yeah. Jimmy, just strategically, I mean, that it is a strong example of the optionality we have across the world. I mean, we are able to, you know, assess the risk return of many, many blocks and businesses across the world. And when they meet the market, you know, the market provides a risk-return trade-off that we like, then we're able to to pursue it. But the discipline we've shown over the number of years, as well as, you know, the repricing of in-force blocks there, has held us in good stead, as Todd said, in terms of the financial. Fair to assume that as part of LDTI, you would have looked at reserves and taken experience into sort of account for reserves in Australia as well? Yes, for any of the business subject to LDTI, I mean, yeah, we had to update all of our, you know, best estimate assumptions. This concludes our question- and- answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Tony Cheng for any closing remarks. Well, thank you all for your questions and continued interest in RGA. You know, on behalf of all the employees of RGA, I, I would love to congratulate Anna on her upcoming retirement. This was a very strong quarter, further demonstrating the substantial earning power in our business. We remain very well positioned to capitalize on the many growth opportunities. We are firing on all cylinders, and we are confident in our ability to continue to deliver attractive returns to our shareholders. So thank you, and this concludes our third quarter call. The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.