This conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask the question during this session, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. I will now like to hand the conference over to Conrad Grodd, Vice President, Investor Relations. Sir, you may begin. Thank you, operator. Good afternoon, welcome to Roku's First Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. I'm joined today by Anthony Wood, Roku's Founder and CEO, and Steve Louden, our CFO. Also in today's call for Q&A are Charlie Collier, President, Roku Media, Mustafa Ozgen, President, Devices, and Gidon Katz, President, Consumer Experience. Full details of our results and additional management commentary are available in our shareholder letter, which can be found on our investor relations website at roku.com/investor. Our comments and responses to your questions on this call reflect management's views as of today only, and we disclaim any obligation to update this information. On this call, we'll make forward-looking statements which are predictions, projections or other statements about future events, such as statements regarding our financial outlook, our investments, future market conditions, and our expectations regarding the impact of macroeconomic headwinds on our business and industry. These statements are based on our current expectations, forecasts and assumptions and involve risks and uncertainties. Please refer to our shareholder letter and our periodic SEC filings for information on factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. We'll also discuss non-GAAP financial measures on today's call. Reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP financial measures are provided in our shareholder letter. Finally, unless otherwise stated, all comparisons on this call will be against our results from the comparable period of 2022. I'd like to hand the call over to Anthony. Thanks, Conrad. Roku delivered solid first quarter results in a challenging economic environment. We grew both our active accounts and streaming hours. Roku's TV operating system was once again the number 1 selling TV OS in the U.S., achieving a record high TV unit share of 43%, which is more than the next three operating systems combined. We achieved share gains across the full range of TV screen sizes, particularly in the larger screen segment. In March, we launched the first ever Roku branded TVs exclusively at Best Buy. They are receiving great reviews. Consumers now spend more TV time streaming than watching cable. All major media companies have shifted focus to streaming. With the amount of entertainment available on TV streaming continuing to grow, consumers are spending more and more time looking for something to watch across our platform. Streaming services and brand advertisers want to reach these viewers, increasingly before the viewer decides What to Watch. We're leaning into our unique role as the number 1 TV streaming platform in the U.S., Canada and Mexico to simultaneously benefit consumers, content partners and advertisers while growing monetization opportunities. You can see this with features like our sports experience, Live TV Guide and Continue Watching. We will continue to expand existing content discovery experiences and build new ones that entertain and inform viewers and help them discover What to Watch next. These experiences are increasingly creating opportunities for brand advertising, M&E promotion and integration with Roku's owned and operated content and services. As we noted in our letter, streaming hours that originated from our home screen menu doubled year-over-year. I am more excited than ever about the future of Roku's business. We are working to create new areas of customer engagement and monetization, as well as improve operational efficiencies. We are committed to delivering positive adjusted EBITDA for the full- year 2024, with continued improvements after that. I'll turn it over to Steve to discuss our results. Thanks, Anthony. We ended the quarter with 71.6 million active accounts globally. Sequential net adds of 1.6 million were above net adds in Q1 2022. Overall, smart TV unit sales in the U.S. were up in Q1, driven in part by lower TV panel prices and freight costs. Roku player unit sales remained above pre-COVID levels, and the average selling price was relatively flat year-over-year. Roku users streamed 25.1 billion hours in the quarter, an increase of 20% year-over-year. Average streaming hours per active account per day reached a record high of 3.9 hours, which is roughly half of the average U.S. household TV viewing, leaving significant opportunity for future growth. In Q1, total net revenue increased 1% year-over-year to $741 million. Platform revenue was down 1% year-over-year to $635 million. While ad spend on the Roku platform in verticals including financial services and media and entertainment remained pressured, verticals such as travel and health and wellness improved. Q1 devices revenue increased 18% year-over-year, driven by the launch of our Roku branded TVs, smart home products, and the recognition of a one-time catch up of $10 million related to a licensing arrangement with the service operator. In Q1, gross profit declined 7% year-over-year to $338 million. Platform gross margin was 53%, which was down three points sequentially. This reflects weakness in the ad scatter market, along with a greater mix away from M&E in Q1 2023 compared to a year ago period. Device margin was 3%, which benefited from a one-time $10 million service operator licensing catch-up previously mentioned. Excluding this one-time item, devices margin would have been negative 6%, a nine-point improvement from a year-ago period, driven by normalizing supply chains. The 8% point difference between the year-over-year growth rates of total net revenue and total gross profit was caused by a year-over-year compression of platform margins, along with a lower portion of platform revenue within total net revenue. Q1 adjusted EBITDA was negative $69 million, which was $41 million above our outlook. The better-than-expected performance was driven by our platform segment, recognition of the one-time catch-up in devices revenue, and improvements in our operating expense profile. Please note that a one-time charge of $31 million, primarily related to workforce reductions and real estate impairments, have been excluded from adjusted EBITDA. We ended the quarter with approximately $1.7 billion of cash equivalents, and restricted cash. Looking to the second quarter, we anticipate the total net revenue of $770 million, up 1% year-over-year, gross profit of $335 million with a gross margin of 44% and adjusted EBITDA of negative $75 million. We continue to expect the macro trends that have pressured consumer and advertiser spend to remain throughout 2023. Accordingly, we expect the advertising market in Q2 to look much the same as it did in Q1, with ad spend in certain verticals improving, such as travel and health and wellness, while other verticals remain pressured, such as M&E and financial services. For total net revenue, we anticipate a sequential increase of roughly 4%, in line with Q2 2022. Within the platform segment, we expect continued pressure on M&E spend in the near term. This will result in platform margin remaining at Q1 2023 levels. On the devices side, we expect margins to improve from negative 20% in Q2 last year to negative mid-teens. Our outlook for this year-over-year improvement reflects supply chains continuing to normalize. We are executing against our plan to focus investments on high-priority projects while slowing year-over-year OpEx growth. We anticipate Q2 OpEx year-over-year growth in the mid-teens, a nearly 30-point sequential improvement, and we continue to expect further deceleration to single- digits year-over-year growth by Q4. Given our ongoing work to improve operational efficiencies and re-accelerate revenue growth, we remain committed to delivering positive adjusted EBITDA for the full- year 2024. With that, let's take questions. Operator? Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, as a reminder to ask the question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from the line of Cory Carpenter with JP Morgan. Your line is open. Hey, thanks for the questions. I had one on profit and one on revenue. On profit, just given the uncertainty in the macro environment that you guys discussed, you know, what gives you the confidence in your path to profitability in 2024? What are some of the steps that you may still need to take to get there? On revenue, in the letter you mentioned, quote, "Creating new monetization opportunities to re-accelerate revenue growth." Hoping you could expand a bit on some of the initiatives that you think could be most impactful, especially on the programmatic side. Thank you. Hey, Cory. Thanks. This is Anthony. I'd start by just saying we had a solid Q1 growing both active accounts and streaming hours. We're executing on our plan to achieve positive adjusted EBITDA for 2024, both through growth of revenue and also operating discipline. Steve can talk a little bit more about the details on that. Hi, Cory. Yes, so we're again, as we said, we're continuing to take adjustments to both the operations that we've got and the overall OpEx base, which is allowing us to manage through these challenging macro environments that we're facing. We expected OpEx tightening that we've been doing to continue to improve the year-over-year OpEx growth rates. As part of the outlook in Q2, we talked about year-over-year OpEx growth in the mid-teens. That's a 30-point sequential improvement. We saw a similar improvement on the year-over-year growth rate from Q4 to Q1 as well, as you might have noticed before. And then we're sort of reaffirming that single-digit OpEx year-over-year growth by Q4. Given all the work we're doing, we remain committed to that path that delivers positive ad-adjusted EBITDA for full- year 2024. This is Anthony again. You know, we're in a great position with our unmatched scale and engagement, and we are working on new monetization opportunities as well that will re-accelerate revenue growth as the ad market recovers. Maybe to talk a little bit more about some of those monetization opportunities, let me turn it over to Charlie and then Gidon to add to that. Great. Well, thanks for the question, Cory. This is Charlie. You know, I think to go right at your question about DSPs, you know, I always start by noting that the best place to buy Roku is still Roku. From our first party data to original content and UI integrations, you know, we're so focused on helping clients maximize Roku and so many partners across the industry are enjoying those results. Now inherent in your question, obviously it remains true that incremental demand sources are a focus of ours. And, of course, you know, managing third party relationships toward that incremental demand and incremental revenue has been a priority of mine from day one. To take best advantage, you know, I have been moving us toward third parties and B2B partnerships of all kinds that help us meet partners where they transact and doing that, not just DSPs, by the way, but retailers, distributors of all kinds. We're focused on demand diversification. I see an opportunity to tap incremental demand at Roku while preserving our overall, you know, Roku first strategies. This should ensure two things. One, the ongoing value of our data and specialized ad units, and then really a focus on Roku's overall market distinction. You know, we spend a lot of time talking about the leverage of our unmatched scale and innovation and creating new monetization opportunities. As you asked, you know, we are working with more third-party DSPs to tap into that incremental demand. Thanks, Charlie. Cory, thanks for the question. At Roku, we obviously have two key revenue streams. That's the subscription, and then secondly, advertising. Our goal when we think about those revenue streams and about creating new monetization opportunities is to help consumers discover great content, help content partners engage with consumers, and help advertisers organically and authentically help that value exchange. What we've been doing at Roku over the last couple of years is really investing in the tools to enable that symbiotic relationship, and that's what's enabled us to achieve these fantastic engagement results. I mean, 3.9 hours per consumer account per day is huge engagement, and that's been driven by the investments we started making a few years ago. We started to invest in Live. We initially launched it within The Roku Channel in 2020, and then in 2022, we added it to the left-hand now. Similarly, last year we launched What to Watch, and we launched the Sports Zone. Within What to Watch, we enabled customers to discover great content and to remember the content they're already watching. A lot of our customers, or 50% of our customers on the research, have forgotten what they're watching. Integrating Continue Watching into their home screen helps them come back. What to Watch, Live, Sports Zone have massively contributed to the fact that our home screen menu hours have doubled year-over-year, supporting that overall engagement. What we then do is we enable advertisers to participate in that value exchange. We make sure that there's relevant contextual advertising both on the home screen, but also within all of these other discovery vehicles. This drives our advertising revenue, but it also drives diversity of content viewing, which drives our subscription revenue. You see that in our premium subscription services, which is growing at 3x the speed of the ad subscriptions on the platform. We see ourselves continuing to invest in these surface areas, continuing to drive more engagement above the current engagement levels, and continuing to create this authentic and organic symbiosis between content partners, advertisers and our consumers. You know, this is Anthony again. I guess just in summary, you know, we're looking at new ways to sell ads that are incremental, such as DSPs. We are seeing the amount of content on the platform grow significantly, both in terms of the number of streaming services and the depth of the offerings of those services. That's causing consumers to spend more time looking for something to watch, which is something that we're leaning into, expanding our user experience to help users find something to watch in a way that's entertaining and formative. We're creating new ad opportunities in those experiences. Those are some examples. I mean, there's other examples too, like creating unique advertising units like shoppable ads, that sort of thing. Thank you all. Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Vasily with Cannonball Research. Your line is open. Thank you. Good afternoon. Steve, I wanted to ask you about licensed content amortization and produced content amortization costs. If I look at your disclosures in the 10-K, I can see a couple of things that I wanted to ask you about. First, the produced content amortization expense is small compared to the licensed content amortization. Licensed cost of licensed content really spiked in 2022 compared to 2021, the expected amortization in 2020 through 2023 drops off significantly. Can you explain the reason for such volatility? Is the increase due to short contracts? what's driving that? If you expect the produced content amortization costs to remain at relatively low level the way it is now. Thank you. Hey, Vasily. Yeah, this is Steve. Thanks for the question. I'll talk about that, and then if Charlie has any color just from the kind of overall content strategy, he can chime in there if I missed anything. you know, just a reminder for The Roku Channel, you know, our overall approach is to try to, you know, grow the content spend kind of commensurate with the scale and the growth trajectory for The Roku Channel and obviously to factor in the macro environment into those expectations. The predominant model that we have is still focused around licensed content, whether that's rev shares, whether that's fixed license fees. Certainly, you know, Charlie touched on a little bit, the Roku Original side of things is exciting new piece of content that gives exclusivity for viewers and that advertisers are interested in that exclusivity as well. The, the overall strategy hasn't changed on that. You know, we are, we are producing more Roku Originals, but again, the overall, you know, majority of the content spend is licensed. When we look at the fixed license fee, because the, you know, the rev shares basically don't show up on the balance sheet, they're kinda matched, in the payouts, kind of, you know, hit the P&L directly, if you will. We have a wide range of fixed license. Some of them are short-term, and that's really we started our approach there. Then we have gotten into more, longer term contracts, you know, especially when you talk about TV series being licensed. Those tend to be essentially multiyear, especially for the bigger, more well-known, TV series. So there's likely a mix effect on that piece. Certainly we've been, you know, adjusting our content spend based on the macroeconomic conditions, so that can change the mix overall between both short-term and long-term fixed license contracts, as well as the mix for Roku Originals. Hey, Vasily, it's Charlie. Look, yeah, Steve's right. The foundation of our content spend will continue to be rev share and fixed licensing. I should step back and talk about Roku Originals for a sec. They create content exclusivity that is absolutely sought out by the viewers and the advertisers, adding value to both. So, we just premiered Die Hart, starring Kevin Hart, and then last weekend, Slip with Zoe Lister-Jones. Each of these has been supported by some of our biggest clients, from Progressive, Verizon, T-Mobile, and a lot more. You know, we'll continue to grow our investments in Roku Originals to create exclusivity for users and advertisers. I think in the letter we highlighted Emeril and broad support from Coca-Cola and Martha Gardens and her interwoven relationship with Scotts Lawn Care. We'll do that, but, you know, we'll do it with focus and responsibility. You know, I get asked a lot about overall content spend on Roku. And Steve's right. Of course, we'll do it commensurate with the scale and growth of The Roku Channel and in the context of the broader macro environment. I'd like to point out, if you'll forgive a baseball analogy, you know, the teams with the biggest payroll do not win every year, not by a long shot. I think, certainly my history, the great team I work with here, our history as programming executives show that we can be targeted and successful. With the data platform that we have and using all the benefits that Roku passes to third parties and advertisers, you know, I believe, again, fueled by this great team, that Roku can continue to deliver a differentiated product at a price that doesn't put us anywhere near the streaming wars, which probably is at the heart of your question. You know, I've said it before, and I say it with pride, Roku is not in the streaming wars. The streaming wars are being played out on our platform. Thank you both. It's Anthony again. I'll just wrap up by saying this. You know, the content that we just discussed, the licensed content, Roku Originals, that can be found on The Roku Channel, which is just doing extremely well and you know, continues to grow. Engagement was up. Streaming hours were up 65% year-over-year on The Roku Channel, it's a top five channel by reach and engagement on the Roku platform. Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Shyam Patil with Susquehanna. Your line is open. Hey, guys. Nice job on the quarter. I had a couple of questions. Can you talk about just kinda how you're thinking about M&E and financial services as well as kind of the scatter market overall over the near to intermediate term? I know you're not guiding beyond Q2, just curious if you could talk about, you know, how you expect to see the bottoming and then maybe the improvement in those areas. Second question, The Roku Channel, you know, is a big opportunity for you guys in terms of monetization. You guys have talked about engagement and viewership, I was just wondering, how are you guys thinking about, you know, fill rates and the timeframe for improving the fill rates to where you might want 'em to be over time? Thank you. Let's see. M&E, I'll start with that. You know, I think M&E, you know, kind of at the highest level, like I mentioned before, consumers are spending more time trying to figure out what they wanna watch. It's an area that we're really leaning into. Like, we really think we can be, you know, especially on our platform, be their best guide to providing ways to help them find something to watch. We think we can do that in ways that are branded, create advertising opportunities, and are also entertaining and engaging. Increasingly, we're seeing that advertisers want both brand advertisers, but also M&E, you know, media and entertainment services on our platform want to reach those consumers before the consumer decides, the viewer decides what they wanna watch. We're definitely, we're seeing lots of opportunity to create more UI experiences that will create more opportunities for advertisements, for brand advertisers as well as M&E. You know, as the number one streaming platform, with unmatched scale and engagement, we're in a great position to do that. You know, advertising is definitely at a bit of a lull, but it's a cyclical business. It will bounce back. As it bounces back, these experiences that we're building will create a lot more opportunities for us to monetize. You know, we're leveraging that unmatched scale and innovation to create new monetization opportunities around our user experience. In terms of the scatter market, Steve, Yeah, let me just talk about kind of our overall thoughts on the environment that impacts the scatter market, and then Charlie can dive into some of the more specific trends there. Similar to last quarter, we expect the macro uncertainties to persist through 2023. That really results in an environment where consumers are remaining pressured, and their discretionary spend is likely to remain muted as a result. We talked about as part of our outlook that we expect the ad market in Q2 to look similar to Q1. Charlie? Yeah. Thanks. Look, I love the question. I mean, we believe the environment will drive a flight to effectiveness and a focus on engagement for advertisers. That shift flatters Roku. Roku is the best way to drive engagement for M&E clients 'cause Roku's where the streaming journey begins for nearly half of American broadband households. Viewers see the ad on the Roku platform and literally watch the show that was advertised, and they're watching it here as well, so they couldn't be closer to the content. Even as some partners manage their budgets down, Roku's poised to take a larger share of the marketing investment by proving, as we do, that Roku is a highly effective and efficient way to spend marketing dollars. I'll give you a specific example, 'cause it really highlights how sophisticated and impact-driving a partner Roku is. HBO Max was looking to increase streaming engagement on Roku, and they decided to target Roku streamers that had stopped engaging after major tentpole releases. It's a pretty sophisticated request that simply can't be addressed by most television partners, and we proved results for them. Streamers exposed to the campaign were 20% more likely to have a streaming session than the control group, and we helped another partner, this is similar, we helped another service find that three-plus hours of streaming or three-plus distinct streaming days in a month was their tipping point for retention. At that point, the likelihood for return visits to their app increases double- digits. I give you that example, so you see that Roku uses the power of our platform to drive engagement specifically, that's business building and insights, that as the world turns to efficiencies, like your question about M&E, will again complement Roku. I think you're also seeing across the industry that the ARPU for ad-supported tiers of traditional SVOD businesses is surpassing their subscription tiers. Obviously, we're poised to help those companies grow. Add to all this, that Roku has a diversified ad business, and this starts to get to fill rates and your question on fill rates. You know, beyond media and entertainment, this diverse ad business It is so powerful because we're powering a full funnel marketing experience, top of the funnel for broad reach, all the way down to performance at bottom of the funnel. Actually, just last week, and this speaks to fill rate, we got a call from a studio head last week who was worried about top and bottom of the funnel for weekend streaming, and he called me about his premiere, and I showed him our approach. We had to move, you know, quite a bit of inventory to accommodate him, and by the end of the weekend, he was using home screen ads on Roku to drive viewership for his movie. In his post-analysis, he talked about how we didn't just help here but across multiple platforms. Look, in the end, I believe that Roku is poised for greater demand and to take a bigger piece of this important market, and the smart money will come to Roku. Thank you, guys. Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Shweta Khajuria with Evercore. Your line is open. Okay. Thank you for taking my questions. For being EBITDA positive next year, if we were to think about the OpEx line items, where do you see most leverage? I understand you're focused on OpEx growth rate, but how should we think about the key leverage drivers within your OpEx buckets? That's question one. The second question is on opening up to third-party DSPs as one of your levers. I mean, you have other monetization opportunities too, but how should we think about the timeline for that in terms of the meaning and magnitude of contribution, as you open up to third-party platforms? Thank you. Hey, Shweta, it's Steve. I'll take the OpEx question. In terms of most leverage, you know, as a reminder, our kind of single biggest block of OpEx is headcount and headcount related expenses. Certainly we have a range of other categories of non-headcount expenses. Really our focus has been on looking at the prioritization on the roadmaps and really focusing our efforts on high ROI strategic initiatives. We can, you know, effectively slow down the year-over-year growth rate both from a headcount perspective. Then we're also been looking at the opportunities to get more efficient on the non-headcount side. We have other work streams that are pushing efficiencies and cost saves on the non-headcount side. The combination of those, certainly the last round we talked about, we announced in late March, was related to that kind of project level work and some of the other ongoing initiatives on the non-headcount side. For us, the leverage is really looking, taking a harder look at the roadmaps and skinnying those down so that we're getting the highest ROI initiatives remaining on track, and that we're becoming more efficient in a lot of different categories around that. That will allow us to drive that year-over-year growth rate down to single- digits by the end of the year. As Anthony mentioned at the start, you know, we're also pairing that with work on monetization efforts, other growth initiatives to make sure that we're, you know, driving the top line as well and positioning ourselves to, you know, really, you know, attract a good place when the rebound happens on the macro environment in the ad business in particular. Charlie, you want to take the third party DSP? Sure. Thanks for the question. You know, as I said before, and I always like to remind everyone, Roku is and will remain the best place to buy Roku. We've actually always shared inventory with third parties, including DSPs and retail media, full funnel partners, et cetera, and we'll continue to do so. Incremental demand sources, as I said, really, obviously are important to us, have been important since day one. So we've been deepening our data and tech integrations with select third-party partners. You know, what's interesting in your question about timing is, you know, we're evaluating many partners, and we haven't made any preferential deals, but each marketer is at a different phase of their shift to streaming. Really our philosophy on the DSP side has been to meet them where they are and be a better partner for them. We've made significant progress this quarter, and we'll continue to do so. Okay. Thank you, Charlie. Thank you, Steve. Thank you. Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Richard Greenfield with LightShed. Your line is open. Hi. Thanks for taking the question. Maybe Anthony, Charlie, I guess I don't know who it's for specifically, but, you know, it's pretty clear when I look across the streaming landscape that all of these streaming platforms have sort of woken up to the importance of cheaper ad-supported tiers. I mean, something I think you've probably known for quite a while. When I look at sort of the overwhelming majority of the, not just of the user base, but even a lot of the net ads of things like Netflix, Disney, and HBO Max, which I guess in a few weeks will be called Max, you know, most of these subs are coming on ad-free. I guess I'm thinking about, like, what changes these companies need to make and what role Roku can play in the evolution so that there are more ad-supported subs come onto these platforms. I'm just trying to think, like, how that plays out, whether that's advertising in your platform or just how do you think about sort of the shift their businesses to a more ad-based sub so it looks more like what I guess you see today in, like, Hulu, which I think is, like, two-thirds ad-supported versus, you know, 70%, 80%, 90% the other direction for a lot of these platforms. Thanks. Hey, Rich. I'll let Charlie just take that. But I guess my thoughts at a high level, one is, way Roku's business model is constructed, we, you know, we monetize our platform regardless of whether consumers sign up for an ad tier or not, or a subscription tier. We're seeing growth in both those areas, subscriptions and ads, ad-supported tiers, and ad-supported products. I think, you know, the really most interesting thing for us about partners offering lower cost ad-supported tiers, which I'm sure will become more popular over time as people get used to them, is that those tiers monetize more the more people watch. Which is not the case for a subscription ad-free tier. We believe that that will cause increased interest in our M&E promotional products. You know, the ability to promote shows on our platform to drive more engagement is one outcome we expect to happen as more consumers subscribe to ad-supported tiers. Charlie, I don't know if you wanna kinda repeat? Yeah, sure. Well, you're right. Anthony was focused on ad support before it was cool. We're now watching our M&E tools not just be great for driving subscription and retention, that's still true, and they will, but the shift to engagement, Rich, that they actually have to watch the shows and the commercials during an advertiser's flight, that is a great trend for Roku because that's what we do. You know, as a business, we talk a lot about simultaneously helping the consumer, the content partner, and the advertisers, all while growing monetization on our platform. You know, with us approaching nearly half the broadband households in the country-Is staggering. With our platform advantages that Anthony just mentioned, you know, we're great partners to help focus on engagement. Again, I think there is a huge flight to engagement happening. Bottom line is we're an impressions-based business, and we build impressions for a living, and we can and will continue to help the MV partners grow as they see their Roku benefit from it. Charlie, if I could just follow up on that point. You know, obviously, as you move to an impression-based business, you need time spent. It seems like the knee-jerk reaction from all of the companies that you know super well to mitigate their losses in streaming, all of them are just, you know. They're not really cutting their programming budgets, they're really cutting their marketing budgets, which is obviously doesn't help their ad dollars they can generate from platforms like yours. That just seems like a real disconnect. It is, Rich. It's a great question. First of all, only one question. I'm sorry. No, I'm just kidding. If you think about it. I'm sorry. sorry. You teed it up. You nailed it. Of marketing and programming that has to happen to drive engagement, that's what we do. You know, it's not lost on anyone that while we can drive subscriptions so incredibly well and drive programming so incredibly well, these partners are huge advertisers as well, they value the power of the Roku platform. You're absolutely right. The shift from driving subscriptions to a flight toward engagement and effectiveness, even in a, an environment where people have to show that they're being responsible, that will flatter us 'cause we prove ROI. You're right. It's a cycle that has to be about both. If it's just about one, they won't have the engagement, and they'll quickly realize that. We see that, again, it's why I believe the smart money will keep coming to Roku. Thank you for the question. Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Ruplu Bhattacharya with Bank of America. Your line is open. Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. I have two of them. First, Charlie, I just wanted to pick your brain a little bit on your thoughts about making ad inventory more accessible. What guardrails are you putting on that? On the positive side, I can see your fill rates going up. Do you see any possibility of CPMs coming down? Are you making any of the first-party data that your platform has available to third-party DSPs? If you can talk about where you are in the process, what your thoughts are about how open you wanna be. Do you think you have enough ad tech and enough relationships to support the third-party DSPs in what you're trying to do? I will follow up on- That's a great question. Thank you. Okay. Well, so look, we spend a lot of time leveraging our unmatched scale and innovation to create the new monetization opportunities you're talking about. So doing that, we're doing so hand in hand with, again, our current partners and then more and more third-party DSPs to tap incremental demand. I think we're really focused on that demand diversification and see an opportunity to tap incremental demand. You know, it'll ensure two things, 'cause one inherent in your question is pricing. We feel good that we can, you know, again, continue to add ongoing value from our data and our specialized units and keep up the value of the general market distinction. I've said it now a couple times, but I... Every time I am asked about incremental demand, I just wanna remind you how successful we've been and how focused we are on Roku being the best place to buy Roku. We have so many opportunities to work with partners to customize what that means. Okay. Thanks for the details there, Charlie. Maybe as a follow-up, I'd like to ask Anthony about the new Roku brand TVs that were launched. Seems you came out with a very broad range, I mean, 24 inches to 75 inches with a very broad price range. Your TV OEM partners are already in the value part of the TV spectrum, why not just focus on the larger screen sizes and the high-end TV space where maybe you would compete less against, you know, the existing TV OEMs? Just your thoughts on how you're approaching the TV market. Thank you. Sure. Just as a general statement, the Roku TV program overall, both licensing and our new Roku branded TVs has been hugely successful for us and continues to grow. You know, we mentioned in the letter that in the last quarter, 43% of all the TVs in the U.S. were Roku TVs. I mean, that's a large market share, and we're very proud of that. That's more than the next three OSs combined. A company like Roku that has a licensing program but also sells first-party products is very common in the industry. It's pretty standard. You see it with things like Google Android Pixel or the Microsoft Windows Surface. You know, by having the first-party devices as well as the third-party devices, it gives consumers more choice, and it really gives us a platform to drive innovation and pass that innovation on to our partners. At a high level, we believe pretty strongly that the Roku branded TV program is incremental. It's gonna drive increased market share over time, both for our licensing partners and through the first-party products directly. To add more, let me turn it over to Mustafa, whose team leads the Roku TV program. Yeah. Hey, Ruplu. This is Mustafa speaking. Roku brand TVs are about expanding the choice for the consumers, and it's also a strong demonstration of our commitment to f urther strengthen the Roku TV ecosystem with innovation, with additional investment to R&D on our side. Staying in the full range of products and then being able to innovate in that full range is important to add real value to basically the consumers as well as to our ecosystem partners. When you, when we look at the innovation, we don't necessarily look at just the keep adding new technology in the high end. We look at the innovation as bringing the best performance out of the mid-range hardware. It's very important to focus on both the cost innovation, also the performance innovation, because again, this helps our OEM partners at the end as we come up with innovations and as we, you know, come up with new ideas in that area. You know, we are definitely very excited about the positive reception our new TVs have received, both from the consumers and the industry press. Again, they are great complement to growing array of excellent Roku TVs made by our licensing partners. I'd like to sort of quote a comment from Tom's Guide, which awarded us the Editors' Choice Award for the Roku Plus Series. They said, and we mentioned this in the shareholder letter, they said, "The fact that the Roku Plus Series 4K QLED TV comes even remotely close to the best TVs for the fraction of the price is remarkable." I think, again, this summarize the, you know, focus that we have is, bringing the best performance out of the TV hardware that exists in the market today and offering that to consumers, again, offering that to our partners is our key goal in the Roku-branded TV initiatives. Overall, as Anthony mentioned, the Roku TV program is highly successful, drives great results for Roku and our partners, not only in the US, which we again reached the 33% market share, record high in Q1, but also globally with more than, you know, TV partners and growing. Actually, that numbers continue to grow. We continue to drive great results and grow the scale of our business. For example, in Mexico, in Q1, 1 in 3 TVs sold in the market was Roku TVs, and Roku TV had the leading market share. It's a successful program, and the branded TVs really help us add incremental value to that program that benefits our partners and, more importantly, consumers. Okay. Thanks for all the details. Appreciate it. Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Jason Helfstein with Oppenheimer. Your line is open. Thanks, everybody. We'd previously been focused on you opening up demand to third-party DSPs because that kind of seemed like the easiest way to solve, you know, the demand issue when the ad market slowed. You've made a number of announcements, and I'll call out the one you did to partner with UM to kind of share data to help them better understand their buys. I think there was data that I saw this morning in an industry presentation that something like 50% of the top services have overlap from an ad standpoint, and effectively, you can see that and they can't on their own. I guess I want to take it a bit deeper. Help us understand when you think about like the ability to monetize, how much more valuable that is than just, you know, in those types of deals than simply just opening up kind of simplistically third-party demand? Thanks. Hey, Jason, this is Anthony. I'll turn it over to Charlie. I'll just say the data partnerships are definitely an area we're focused on, and they create value in a bunch of different ways. I couldn't agree more. Look, and the long-term opportunity is terrific, and you nailed a few reasons. Thanks for the question, Jason. You know, as more and more clients drive dollars to accountable connected TV advertising, and obviously that's happening at scale. I mean, if you look in first quarter, traditional TV hours fell 10% year-on-year, while our streaming hours grew 20%. The trends are terrific, and I'm bullish on Roku's position given our scale and the fact that Roku reaches, as I said before, half the broadband households in the country, and this is important for your point about monetization. We reach the majority of cord cutters. We're poised to take a bigger share of the market as advertisers focus on value and effectiveness and again, inherent in your question because we prove ROI. You know, I talked a lot about M&E, but I should talk about the diversity of our video advertising. We're seeing health, and in video advertising, we're seeing it continue to stabilize against categories like health and wellness and travel, all of which grew faster than our overall business. I should mention the NewFronts because, you know, the NewFronts and the Upfront, Roku's only been in this marketplace for a few years. In fact, our first live event was just last year, and this'll be my first NewFront on Tuesday in New York with Allison and the team. I'm so looking forward to it because we'll be presenting new products, new ad sharing new ad-focused opportunities, including the data opportunities that you're talking about. We'll be talking about original content, and each of these make Roku more impact-driving, distinct, and effective for our partners. I appreciate you mentioning. Our announcements. You know, one you didn't mention was we talked about Roku's Primetime Reach Guarantee. This is directly speaking to monetization and moving money from cable to Roku. You know, advertisers can reach more TV households in prime time on Roku than the average top 5 cable network. This is truly about that ongoing shift from traditional TV to more accountable TV streaming. We're the only ones with enough scale to guarantee that type of broad result. You might have noticed there was an announcement today about our Instacart partnership. Think about this in the context of your question. This is a full funnel marketing offer, which is so unusual for TV and makes Roku so distinct. With this, CPG advertisers can measure whether streamers are purchasing products on Instacart after seeing the ad on the Roku platform. We can see them buy the products after seeing our ads. It's this type of results focus and accountability, and as Anthony said, our use of data that distinguishes Roku that will really hold us in good stead. Look, in summary, I think we are gonna continue to maximize that shift, and it's happening from traditional TV to more accountable TV streaming, and we're doing so as the biggest, best solution. Said it before, but I think the smart money keeps coming to Roku. Thank you. Thank you. Please stand by for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Benjamin Swinburne with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open. Thank you. Good afternoon. Two questions. I guess first for Steve. I think it's for Steve. I know you guys aren't guiding to revenue, but the comps get a lot easier for everybody in the ad market in the second half of the year. I'm just wondering, I think there's an expectation in the market that your business the platform business will accelerate in growth. You know, does that make sense to you? The other piece is just you guys have talked about M&E headwinds for a while now. Is there any way to help us, I don't know, think about the, you know, when that becomes just too sort of too small to matter or those headwinds fade enough or how fast the business might be growing if you excluded M&E? Because I think that's probably been masking stronger underlying trends. I just was curious, Charlie, you know, on the Upfront, NewFront, whatever you want to call it, you know, how you've been through this a lot, in your prior roles. How are you approaching this? Because on one hand, connected TV and Roku have some secular tailwinds, which should help you. On the other hand, the market, the scatter market's weak. How are you thinking about, you know, strategy and positioning Roku the best you can for to grow the $1 billion last year to a bigger number this year in terms of commitments? Thanks, everybody. Hey, Ben, it's Steve. I'll take that first couple, and then I'll dish it over to Charlie for the NewFronts, et cetera. In terms of, in terms of the comps, you're certainly correct. You know, the ad scatter market started to really materially slow down in midway through Q2. Certainly as you comp that, you know, you've got easier comps as you get into the back half of things. In terms of the macro environment, you know, we said in our outlook color that we think that the uncertainty is likely to persist throughout 2023. You know, really the consumer's kind of pinched between, you know, inflation's coming down, but it's still elevated. There's also, you know, concerns of the potential recession, you know, later this year or next year. That spend is discretionary spend, which drives a lot of the economy, we think will remain muted. Overall, the ad market we think in Q2 will look pretty similar to Q1. You know, with that, we're, you know, folks talked about all the great incremental monetization opportunities we're working on. We're not really sure of the timing, but we do know that ads are cyclical, and they tend to track the economy. In general, you don't necessarily need the economy to be doing, you know, well for the ad market to pick back up. What you need is stability in the uncertainty to kinda start to, you know, at least firm up and hopefully start to get incrementally better. I think that's why you see in certain verticals in the ad market, you know, we talked about seeing, you know, signs of promise, on things like travel and health and wellness, but we also do have some areas like financial services and M&E that are continuing to remain pressured. Certainly we, you know, just given the streaming environment we operate in, that we do have an exposure to M&E, you know, that is bigger than average, where the rest of our ads is fairly similar to the market overall. I'm not sure what the timing is, but I think we're well positioned when it comes back. In the meantime, you know, we are, you know, working on the OpEx side of the house as well to make sure that we're, you know, sort of balanced so that we can kinda maintain our growth trajectory on the top line when things get better, but also make sure that we drive toward that positive EBITDA target we've talked about for 2024. Charlie, I'll switch over to you. Sure. Ben, first, thanks for noting how old I am and how many Upfronts I've been through. I appreciate that. I didn't give a number. Thank you. I appreciate that. Neither will I. Our approach to NewFronts is really exciting for 2 reasons. One is the trends that you talked about. When you traditional TV fell 10% and our streaming hours are growing 20% year-on-year, that's obviously a really interesting time to come and reintroduce ourselves to the market. You think about some of what I said before and what we'll be introducing in terms of the data partnerships and the ad-focused offerings. Actually, I wanna talk a little bit about why I'm particularly bullish for Roku, which is that we're still quite new to this. These are not 50-year relationships. You have a lot of new advertisers coming to streaming for the first time. We still have opportunity to both grow businesses that have seen how effective Roku is and also add new accounts. You know, Roku's in an interesting position because, again, the secular trends are coming our way. I also feel really excited to present Roku in the context of really being the base of the advertising market. Here's what I mean by that. I think, you know, in the, you know, really in the near term, more and more television is gonna be planned platform first because of our scale and our really unmatched reached, reach on this platform. We actually chose to come to the NewFronts instead of the Upfronts because we wanted to reach people early, and we wanted to show them how much we help all the people they'll be hearing from. Again, those networks and apps and partners are M&E advertisers, and they value Roku. And more and more, you're gonna see the general marketplace do the same. I'm excited to present with the team. They're doing a great job, and we're hearing really positive feedback. Thank you very much. Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, due to the interest of time, I would now like to turn the call back over to Anthony for closing remarks. Thanks. To wrap up, let me just thank everyone for joining and remind everyone that next week, we will welcome Dan Jedda as our new Chief Financial Officer. On behalf of everyone at Roku, I wanna thank Steve for his contributions and leadership over the last eight years. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.