Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Royalty Pharma Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. I would like now to turn the conference over to George Grofik, Senior Vice President, Head of Investor Relations and Communications. Please go ahead. Good morning and good afternoon to everyone on the call. Thank you for joining us to review Royalty Pharma's third quarter of 2023 results. You can find the press release with our earnings results and Slides for this call on the investors page of our website at royaltypharma.com. Moving to Slide 3, I would like to remind you that information presented in this call contains forward-looking statements that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. I refer you to our 10-K on file with the SEC for a description of these risks. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Royalty Pharma, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Non-GAAP financial measures will be used to help you understand our financial performance. The GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliations are provided in the earnings press release available on our website. And with that, please advance to Slide 4. Our speakers on the call today are Pablo Legorreta, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Chris Hite, EVP, Vice Chairman, Marshall Urist, EVP, Head of Research and Investments, and Terry Coyne, EVP, Chief Financial Officer. Pablo will discuss the key highlights. Chris will then provide an update on the PTC partnership, after which Marshall will discuss other portfolio updates. Next, Terry will review the financials, and finally, concluding remarks from Pablo, we will hold the Q&A session. And with that, I'd like to turn the call over to Pablo. Thank you, George, and welcome to everyone on the call. I am delighted to report another successful quarter of execution against our strategy as a leading funder of innovation in life sciences. Slide 6 summarizes our financial portfolio and portfolio achievements in the third quarter, which again underscored tremendous momentum in our business. First, we delivered strong financial performance. Adjusted cash receipts, our top line, grew by 9%, Adjusted EBITDA by 9%, and adjusted cash flow grew by 10%. All of these metrics are prior to the Biohaven-related payments, which we received in the third quarter of 2022. Second, on capital allocation, we had a very active past few months acquiring royalties on attractive therapies with announced transactions of $2.2 billion. I am particularly pleased with our recently expanded PTC partnership, where we acquired incremental royalties on Evrysdi, which is for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. This transaction enhances our long-term growth, diversifies our portfolio, and is expected to generate an attractive on-level return in the double digits. As Chris will explain later, this transaction was a great example of our unique ability to create tailored win-win solutions. This was also our busiest quarter ever for synthetic royalty acquisitions, with exciting transactions on 2 approved therapies, Skytrofa and Adstiladrin. On a year-to-date basis, we have announced royalty transactions of up to $3.8 billion, including $2.1 billion in upfront payments. Lastly, we continue to believe our shares are fundamentally undervalued, and we repurchased an additional 144 million of our shares in the third quarter, taking our total year-to-date repurchases to $305 million as of last night's close. Third, we're raising our full-year guidance for adjusted cash received to between $2.95 billion and $3 billion. Our guidance reflects expected underlying growth from a portfolio of around 10% prior to the Biohaven-related payments. Consistent with our standard practice, our guidance is based on our current portfolio and does not include the benefit of any future acquisitions. On Slide 7, you can see our financials in more detail. We delivered 9% growth in our top line prior to Biohaven, the Biohaven-related payments in the prior period, and 7% growth if we include these payments. Unlike the last several quarters, the impact of foreign exchange had a negligible impact on our top-line growth. Similar to our top line, we grew our Adjusted EBITDA by 9% in the quarter prior to the Biohaven-related payments, and 6% including this payment. Lastly, adjusted cash flow grew by 10% in the quarter prior to the Biohaven-related payments and 8% including this payment. Both this quarter and the prior period included development stage payments. Slide 8 shows our impressive track record of strong top-line growth since our IPO in June of 2020. We delivered 9% growth prior to the Biohaven-related payment through the first three quarters of 2023, after strong growth in 2021 and 2022. This speaks to our ability to execute successfully and consistently against our strategy in the growing market for biopharma royalties. Slide 9 shows why we're well-positioned in the evolving interest rate environment. We're committed to maintaining an investment-grade credit rating and our existing capital structure benefits from a long-duration, low-cost debt profile. That being said, when making investments in a higher rate environment, our marginal cost of borrowing will inevitably rise. However, what is critical to recognize and that is our royalty return expectations also adjust to this higher rate environment. This allows us to continue to deliver attractive returns above our cost of capital. The other important aspect to consider is that our opportunity set has expanded dramatically, driven by the huge capital needs of the industry and the increased role of royalties. This trend has been accelerated by the macro environment, which has increased the cost of other sources of financing for both biopharma companies. So taken together, we're confident that Royalty Pharma will continue to thrive and perform strongly in an evolving rate environment. On Slide ten, we want to unpack why we remain so excited about our ability to create compounding value for shareholders. When we make investments, we focus on our cost of capital and then the spread that we're able to generate in excess of our cost of capital. The beauty of our business is that we can quickly adjust to changing, to the changing macro environment. Historically, when we look at the period from 2012 to 2021, our cost of capital was roughly 6%. We were very fortunate to take advantage of all-time low interest rate environment in 2020 and 2021, locking- If you would just go to Chris. Slide. No, start on Slide 10. Yeah. Hello? Operator, are we on? Yes, we are. You may resume your call. Okay. Apologies for that. On Slide 10, we want to unpack why we remain so excited about our ability to create compounding value for shareholders. When we make investments, we focus on our cost of capital and then the spread that we're able to generate in excess of our cost of capital. The beauty of our business is that we can quickly adjust to changing macro environments. Historically, when we look at the period from 2012 to 2021, our cost of capital was roughly 6%. When we were very fortunate to take advantage of the all-time low rate environment in 2020 and 2021, locking in long-duration, low-cost debt at around 2.25. However, for most of this time period, the business was funded consistently with around 4% debt. When we look at the investments for approved therapies we made over this period, we expected them to generate attractive returns with spreads above our cost of capital. When we shift to the current environment, our cost of capital has increased to around 7%-8%, as our marginal cost of debt has increased to 5%-7%. However, the returns we're targeting on approved royalties have risen as well, allowing us to maintain attractive spreads above our cost of capital. Equally important is that the opportunity set has expanded dramatically, with a value of announced transactions up nearly 2x, with our pipeline showing no signs of slowing down. Taken together, these factors should result in greater value creation for our shareholders. With that, I will hand it over to Chris to update you on the PTC partnership. Thanks, Pablo. Since our last earnings call, we have been quite busy getting some really exciting royalty transactions over the finish line. I want to focus on Slide 12 on our expanded partnership with PTC on Evrysdi. We gained our first exposure to this exciting therapy in July 2020, when we acquired 43% of PTC royalty's interest for $650 million upfront, giving us a royalty that equated to 3.4%-6.9% of global Evrysdi sales. This transaction was structured so that the royalties to Royalty Pharma would cease once we had received $1.3 billion in aggregate royalties or double our original investment. At the time of our 2020 investment, Evrysdi was on the cusp of FDA approval. Since then, our initial conviction in the profile of Evrysdi has been validated by a strong global launch by Roche. More than 11,000 SMA patients have now been treated with Evrysdi, and sales reached $1.2 billion in 2022. Evrysdi is now approaching global category leadership, and consensus forecast has risen substantially, with sales now expected to reach $3.3 billion by 2030. Last month, in return for an upfront payment of $1 billion, we acquired 67% of PTC's remaining royalty without any cap. This takes our ownership to 81% of the tiered royalties before the cap, or an effective royalty of 6.5%-13% of Evrysdi global sales. The duration of the royalty now extends to 2035-2036 from the early 2030s. Additionally, there is a joint option structure for the remainder of PTC's royalty interest. This allows PTC to sell all of its residual 19% of the royalty to us by the end of 2025, in return for a $500 million payment, less royalties received. Alternatively, if PTC chooses not to exercise this option, we have the right to purchase half of PTC's remaining residual royalty for $250 million in the first quarter of 2026, less royalties received. This creative structure highlights our unique ability to tailor win-win solutions with our partners. As a result of this transaction, Evrysdi is expected to become a top four royalty for us by 2025, with a contribution to adjusted cash receipts in excess of $200 million. It ticks all of the boxes for us, clearly aligning with our product selection framework. On a purely financial basis, it diversifies our portfolio, enhances our growth, and we expect it to deliver an unlevered return in the double digits based on consensus sales forecasts. With that, I'll hand it over to Marshall. Thanks, Chris. Let's now move to Slide 14 to discuss our recent synthetic royalty transaction. Their combined value of up to $650 million sets a record for synthetic royalty financing in a quarter, and we believe is clear evidence of the growing attractiveness of this form of funding. In August, we acquired a 5.1% royalty on US sales of Adstiladrin from Ferring for up to $500 million, which is approved for bladder cancer. This is the first gene therapy in our portfolio. Our royalty is expected to increase to 8% in 2025, assuming a manufacturing milestone is achieved and extends to the early-to-mid-2030s. Then in September, we acquired a royalty of 9.15% on US sales of Skytrofa from Ascendis for $150 million. This is the first FDA-approved weekly growth hormone therapy for pediatrics and addresses a significant unmet patient need, which is reflected in consensus sales forecasts of around $450 million by 2030. In both cases, our partner had a need for non-dilutive capital to advance their commercial strategy, and we were able to provide a flexible funding solution that met their needs and our return requirements. On Slide 15, the Evrysdi transaction illustrates an important feature of our business model, namely our unique ability to invest multiple times in the same therapeutic area and even in the same product. We've demonstrated this across a number of therapeutic areas, including prostate cancer, migraine, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, and the emerging Lp(a) class, and the expanded investment in Evrysdi for SMA is the latest example of these unique aspects of our business model. Slide 16 provides our perspective on how we approach the contribution of approved and development-stage therapies to our portfolio growth strategy. Of the approximately $23 billion in capital deployed since we started investing in development-stage therapies, around 60% has been in approved products. This balanced approach has allowed us to maintain strong risk-adjusted returns and sustain attractive growth. On my final Slide, I wanted to take a step back to underscore the growth in our opportunity to fund life science innovation. Over the past three years, we have seen a substantial increase in the announced value of transactions, with 2023 tracking to be among our best years ever. We have averaged $3.4 billion over the past three years, which is almost double the announced value of transactions compared to the prior three years. This speaks to the powerful secular growth behind royalty-based funding as an attractive way to fund the life sciences. With that, I'd like to hand it over to Terry. Thanks, Marshall. Let's move to Slide 19. Total royalty receipts grew 5% in the third quarter versus the year ago period. Excluding the Biohaven-related payment in the prior year period, royalty receipts grew approximately 7%. The increase was mainly due to the strong performance of the cystic fibrosis franchise and Trelegy, as well as newly acquired royalties on Spinraza. We also saw growth contributions from the majority of our other key royalties, including Evrysdi, Tremfya, Trodelvy, Promacta, and Cabometyx These positive factors were partially offset by weakness in Imbruvica and Tysabri. Slide 20 provides a deeper dive into our top-line performance in the quarter to show the various moving parts. The solid performance of our base business, together with new royalty acquisitions, allowed us to deliver 9% top-line growth before the impact of the prior period's Biohaven-related payment. Royalty expiries, primarily Lexiscan, represented a headwind to growth of around 2%. As Pablo noted, the impact of foreign exchange was negligible this quarter. These strong underlying dynamics once again highlight the power of our unique business model to replenish the portfolio and to drive compounding growth. Slide 21 shows how our efficient business model generates substantial cash flow to be redeployed. As you're aware, we arrive at Adjusted Cash Receipts after deducting distributions to non-controlling interests. This amounted to $637 million in the quarter, representing growth of 7% compared with last year's third quarter, or 9% if we adjust for the prior period Biohaven-related payment. Operating and professional costs were approximately 9% of Adjusted Cash Receipts in the quarter. As a consequence, we reported 6% growth in Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter, broadly consistent with our top-line growth. When we think of the cash generated by the business to be redeployed into new value-enhancing royalties, we look to Adjusted EBITDA less net interest paid. Net interest paid in the quarter of $54 million reflected the semiannual timing of the payments on our unsecured notes, which occur in the first and third quarters, and interest received on our cash balance. You should note that we repaid $1 billion of these notes in the quarter, so that our balance now stands at $6.3 billion. Development stage funding payments amounted to $51 million in the quarter, substantially all of which related to the initiation of the pivotal study of aficamten in non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Taking this into account, Adjusted Cash Flow, our bottom line, grew by 8% to $474 million or 79 cents per share for the quarter. This resulted in an Adjusted Cash Flow margin of 74%, which again highlights the efficiency of our business model. Let's move now to Slide 22 and our financial position. Following the recent PTC transaction, we continue to maintain significant financial capacity for future royalty acquisitions, with around $3 billion available through a combination of cash on our balance sheet, the cash our business generates, and access to the debt markets. At the end of the third quarter, we had cash and equivalents of $936 million. After quarter end, we funded the $1 billion upfront payment to PTC through cash on our balance sheet and a $350 million draw on our revolving credit facility. If we adjust for this transaction, together with projected net cash flow from our business of approximately $425 million-$475 million in the fourth quarter, we expect to have projected cash and equivalents of around $700 million-$750 million at the end of 2023. With $6.3 billion in investment-grade bonds, plus the $350 million prepayable revolver draw, this results in pro forma leverage of around 2x EBITDA on both a total and net debt basis. Keep in mind that we are comfortable taking gross leverage up to around 4x for the right royalty acquisition opportunity. Furthermore, we have additional financial capacity from the $1.15 billion balance of the revolver, as well as the strong cash generation that I've already highlighted. Consequently, we feel good about our ability to continue to execute transactions and create shareholder value. Slide 23 updates our full year 2023 financial guidance. We now expect adjusted cash receipts to be in the range of $2.95 billion-$3 billion. We have raised the midpoint of the range by approximately $40 million compared with the previous guidance, based on our strong portfolio performance. As a reminder, this guidance includes the $475 million Zavzpret milestone we received in the first quarter. Additionally, for your modeling consideration, we want to provide a bit more color on our expectations for the other products line, which includes around 20 royalties. Looking ahead to 2024, we are currently estimating around $200 million-$250 million in other product royalty receipts. ... Importantly, and consistent with our standard practice, this guidance is based on our portfolio as of today and does not take into account the benefit of any future royalty acquisitions. As it relates to operating professional costs and interest paid, there is no change to our previous guidance. However, please note that the interest paid guidance does not take into account interest received on our cash balance, which was $63 million year to date. My final Slide drills down further on our Adjusted Cash Receipts guidance. The graphic is illustrative, but sets out the various pushes and pulls behind our outlook for 2023. Starting with the left-hand side, we face a high base of comparison due to the $509 million of Biohaven-related payments, which were received in 2022. Adjusting for these payments brings the underlying base for 2022 adjusted cash receipts to $2.28 billion. On the right-hand side, if we start from the adjusted cash receipts base prior to Biohaven, we expect underlying growth of 9%-11% this year. Including the $475 million payment on dapagliflozin, we arrive at our raised top line guidance of $2.95 billion-$3.0 billion. With that, I would like to hand the call back to Pablo for his closing comments. Thanks, Terry. Let me start by concluding with my concluding remarks by saying how pleased I am with this third quarter report. Today, you have heard about strong financial performance and some really exciting new royalty transactions, which put 2023 on track to be one of our best years ever for capital deployment. My next Slide puts this into perspective. Slide 26 highlights that we have announced transactions worth up to $7.3 billion since the start of 2022, with a healthy balance between approved and development-stage therapies. This extraordinary, extraordinary level of activity highlights the power of our business model as well as the tailwinds in our industry. It also puts us on track to meet or exceed our five-year capital deployment target of $10 billion-$12 billion. My final Slide highlights some of our key accomplishments since 2020. This strong performance, taken together with our fast-expanding opportunity set and powerful competitive moat, makes me highly confident we will deliver our attractive long-term financial outlook. That means a top-line CAGR of 11%-14% over 2020 to 2025, and 10%+ when we look to 2030. With that, we would be happy to take your questions. Thank you. We'll now open up to questions. Operator, please take the first question. Thank you. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. The first question comes from Chris Schott with JP Morgan. Your line is open. Great. Thanks so much for the questions here. Maybe just two for me. First, you talked about the macro environment expanding your opportunity set dramatically, and I'm just interested to see where you're seeing kind of maybe the greatest incremental opportunities. So is this development stage deals of companies that need funding? Is it companies needing launch capital to get products off the ground, or is it deals more like the PTC deal, where companies are looking to monetize existing royalties? I'm just trying to get a sense of, like, of those buckets, is one really standing out over the other? And then my second question was just on competitive environment. I think you're in a, you know, enviable position that you're able to kind of recycle capital and self-fund much of your BD in this environment, which is a bit different than peers. So can you just talk about how—what you're seeing for the competitive environment for deals out there, and has that set changed at all versus where we were a year or two ago? Thanks. Thank you, Chris. So I'll ask Chris Hite to take the first part of the question. Sure. Thanks, Pablo. Thanks for the question, Chris. The macro environment, you know, the, the between development stage, launch capital, monetization of existing royalties like the PTC deal, you know, look, it's -- we're, you know, I think last year we, we showed a Slide that we looked at 350, opportunities greater than that at the, at the top of our funnel. And as you might imagine, that com- you know, comprised all of those different sets of opportunities. And, you know, when we've done deals around development stage, like, in funding R&D, like we did with Merck last year and, and, the synthetic royalties like we've done this year, I would... You know, what I would tell you is, the entire environment is increasing. You know, it's hard for me to say, "Oh, we're getting more development stage deals or, or more monetization deals right now." All I can really tell you is, and I think as, as Pablo highlighted, you know, the, just the amount of opportunities and the, and the opportunity set has grown dramatically, and we don't see any slowdown in that. And, it's really evidenced by the fact that we've deployed, you know, since 2020, you know, announced deal volume of nearly $13 billion with, you know, nearly $9 billion upfront. So that's, that's sort of the proof in the pudding, I guess. Yes, and, Chris, Marshall can answer the second part of your question related to the competitive environment. Hey, Chris, good morning. It's a good question. On overall, I think the message is no real change in the competitive environment. I think we've talked in the past about, you know, we have always operated in a competitive environment, and certainly the kind of- ... complexion of the competition changes depending on the type of deal, but I think no real change. But I think the really important thing is, you know, as we continue to execute against our strategy, as the business gets bigger and bigger, it really continues to expand our competitive advantages versus versus the rest of the market. In terms of our flexibility, our ability to do large deals, our ability to really partner long-term with our partners, our creativity to continue to evolve how we work with companies to meet the needs of life science innovators across the space. So I think we feel really confident about where we are, and, you know, overall, no real change on the competitive front. Great. Thanks so much. Please stand by for the next question. The next question comes from Steven Scala with TD Cowen. Your line is open. Oh, thank you very much. I have two questions. I assume that Royalty Pharma analyzes clinical trials prior to their readout. What is your analysis telling you on the readouts of the new Vertex triple studies? Does your analysis suggest that they will achieve their endpoints? If they don't achieve their endpoints, then what is the most likely reason? Your answer may be that you don't talk about other companies' trials, but this is material to your stock, so I think your view would be useful to your shareholders. Second question is, I'm curious what surprised you regarding the initial list of 10 drugs from the IRA negotiation procedure, whether it be what was included or excluded, and how does it influence your future progression relative to investments? Thank you. Sure. So Terry will take your the first question related to cystic fibrosis, and then Marshall can talk about the IRA, the list of the 10 drugs in IRA. Yeah, sure, Steve. So, yeah, of course, we're focused on this readout as well as I'm sure many investors are. Our expectation is that the trial will succeed. You know, I think we'll have to wait to see the full data to sort of get a sense of the overall benefit. But, based on what we've seen in the phase II trial, it's hard to say at this point that it's clearly better than Trikafta. We'll wait and see there. But I think, you know, the key thing for Royalty Pharma is that last quarter, we really tried to unpack the, you know, the potential impact to our business under a range of scenarios, including, you know, share conversion scenarios, where a lot of patients switch, and also lower royalty rate scenarios. And what we've pointed to, and we still feel really good about this, is that the impact on our business under any scenario is, you know, very, very manageable. $200 million is how we've described it, and we still feel really good about that. And we still feel also feel really good about our ability to grow over this decade by 10% or more, even under those scenarios. So we'll wait and see, we'll wait and see the full data. The bar is obviously really high with Trikafta, but, you know, it sounds like we'll see something in early 1Q. Steve, good morning. Briefly on the IRA, so we were really focused on, you know, the impact to Royalty Pharma, and I think there, you know, it was. We had highlighted two products for this year, you know, that could have been on there, IMBRUVICA and Xtandi. You know, IMBRUVICA obviously was, Xtandi was not. And so I guess, you know, that was a little bit of a surprise, but like we have said, with Xtandi's, you know, patent life ending shortly thereafter, it wasn't really a material impact to Royalty Pharma. Anyway, you know, beyond that, in terms of what was on the list or, you know, the approach that was taken to put the list together, we'll probably refrain from commenting there. I think it's so early in terms of, you know, how that of how the list is generated, what factors come in. You know, there just isn't a lot of insight to be added there. But certainly, with respect to Royalty Pharma, we, we felt like it was a constructive outcome. Thank you. Please stand by for the next question. The next question comes from Andrew Baum with Citigroup. Your line is open. Morning. Thank you. A couple of questions. Firstly, for Terry, just following on your comments on the ability to increase leverage at Royalty. Should I read into this a guide to larger capital deployment or alternatively, even a big upsizing of your buyback, given the comments about the undervaluation of the stock? Second, if you could just update us on the sell-down of your pre-IPO shareholders. And then finally, could you just confirm there's no impact from the amp cap removal in Medicaid on your portfolio? Many thanks. Sure. So on the question about leverage, I think the message there is that we have a lot of dry powder and a lot of financial flexibility. And so, if the right opportunities come along and, you know, we've been deploying a lot of capital, and as Chris mentioned, we're not seeing any signs of that slowing down. We feel like we have access to the capital that we'll need to take advantage of those opportunities, if and when they present themselves. So we feel really good about that. On the question about share buyback, we've repurchased around a little over $300 million year-to-date. We have a billion-dollar repurchase authorization, and I think we'll continue to be opportunistic and balance that against other opportunities, particularly opportunities to buy royalties on really exciting products, like the announcement that we made a couple of weeks ago on Evrysdi. So as you know, our, you know, our number one priority is buying royalties. But we do think that with our stock at these levels, it's returning some capital to shareholders through share repurchases is also a really attractive tool that we will certainly look at from time to time. Your second question on pre-IPO shareholders. Yes, on pre-IPO shareholders. So we did see a major shift in the shareholder base over the last couple of years. We feel like, we feel like that, you know, has mostly run it, you know, actually, it's, it's really run its course at this point. So there's not really much left that that is, is really obvious to us. But that was definitely something that, you know, was a headwind for the, for the business as the, as we saw that transition. But, you know, that we, we do feel like that's largely run its course. And then just quickly on your last question, Andrew. So, the answer is no, we don't think that there's any kind of major material exposure there. The only caveat I would say is, and we've discussed this before, that we don't always have perfect insight into the payer mix of some of our royalties. So, you know, so there is some lack of precision there, but as of right now, you know, no, we don't think there's a material impact. Many thanks. Please stand by for the next question. The next question comes from Umair Rafat with Evercore. Your line is open. Hi, guys. This is Mike DiFiore in for Umair. Thanks so much for taking our questions, and congrats on all the progress this quarter. Two questions, one big picture, one on the pipeline. The big picture one dovetails on what was asked previously a little bit. I mean, clearly, Royalty Pharma has been pursuing less development stage deals since 2020, despite deploying increasingly greater capital. And my question is, are compelling or high conviction phase II, III opportunities becoming increasingly scarce despite a growing opportunity set? Or has there been a fundamental change in Royalty Pharma's risk tolerance? Or could it be more macro or interest rate driven? I have a follow-up. Sure. Thank you. Marshall, do you want to take that question? Sure, Mike. Thanks. Thanks for the question. So overall, no, there's no change in strategy or how we think about approved versus unapproved investments. You know, we've shown. From one of the Slides in the prepared remarks about how it has really varied when you see approved and unapproved from year to year. We have seen more, we have seen greater levels of investment in approved, in approved products over the past couple of years, but I, I wouldn't interpret that to say that that's a permanent sort of strategic positioning. As we've talked about in the past, it really is about finding the things, you know, that we are most excited about in any period of time, and so that's what that's looked like over the past couple of years. But I think we do think about the business and the strategy over years, over many years at a time. And so I would continue to expect there to be, you know, some variance in approved and development stage investments from year to year, like you've seen historically. Got it. Super helpful. And my product-specific question is on trontinemab from Roche. The CTAD data showed very little ARIA, and some folks out there think that Roche simply got lucky, given the noticeably high Cmax. My question is, what gives you confidence that ARIA rates will remain low and that this investment in trontinemab will remain competitive? Thank you. Sure, Mike. We were excited to see the trontinemab data, and I think, you know, we are looking forward to seeing more. As to your specific question on ARIA, very hard to generalize right now. I think given the, the technology, given, you know, the, the dynamics of how the drug is taken up into the brain, it's probably very hard to, you know, to, to compare it to historical data sets. And I think we're just gonna have to see how Roche moves it forward. But I do think it, as a—at a high level, it really speaks to, you know, how we do build the portfolio and how it's really nice to have, you know, things like, things like trontinemab, in the portfolio that do give us some option value and flexibility as that development moves forward. Great. Thanks so much. Please stand by for the next question. The next question comes from Terence Flynn with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open. Hi, this is Dan on for Terrance. Thanks for taking our questions. Just two from us. First, on the opportunity set, maybe can you talk a little more about the current state of the opportunity set for large pharma company partnerships and any common themes that are coming up in those discussions? And then second, on the pipeline, can you maybe talk about what you're hoping to see from the TREMFYA versus Stelara head-to-head study in Crohn's disease, following recent data from Skyrizi and mirikizumab? Thank you. Thank you, Dan. So, Chris can answer the first question about the opportunity set, and then Marshall will take the question on Stelara and TREMFYA. Sure. Thanks, Dan, for the question. The look, I think I probably referenced it a little bit in my answer to one of the questions earlier, but we continue to see opportunities to invest with large pharma in their pipelines. That has not slowed down. I think there's, in fact, probably a growing interest amongst them to share risk and partner with us. You know, for us, it's really, you know, we wanna be very thoughtful and really pick the quality assets that they are most excited about. And that's really keeping a very high bar for us. So we are seeing an increasing set of opportunities to help fund R&D. It's just a question of making sure we choose the right asset and being very disciplined. And hi, Dan, good morning. So on TREMFYA, yeah, thanks for bringing that up. You know, this is one of our portfolio products we are really excited about. You know, the growth has really been spectacular. And, you know, as we've discussed in the past, you know, IBD as that gets into the label, is gonna drive another wave of growth. You know, and as you point out, you know, I think it's pretty interesting to see the head-to-head studies, you know, that we've seen from other IL-23s, and, you know, no reason to think TREMFYA is not gonna participate in that going forward. So I think we're really excited about it. And again, you know, TREMFYA is exactly the type of product that we're looking to add to the portfolio with, you know, incredible science, incredible benefit to patients, you know, super strong marketer in Janssen, who can support, you know, who can support the label development and run big head-to-head studies like that to continue to expand this marketplace. So we're really excited to have that in the portfolio for years to come. Please stand by for the next question. The next question comes from Geoff Meacham with Bank of America Securities. Your line is open. Hi, good morning. This is Susan on for Jeff. Just a related question. So on the upcoming catalyst in fourth quarter, when should we expect to see top-line growth contributions if the catalysts are positive? And then just a follow-up on one of the products, pelabresib. If the primary endpoints are mixed, as we saw with navitoclax from AbbVie, are there any special economics we should be aware of? Is there any sort of optionality on continuing to, you know, add additional royalties or milestone payments? Sure. Thank you for the question. Terry, do you wanna take the question on growth and then, Marshall, the second question? Sure. So yeah, there are a number of upcoming catalysts, as you mentioned, in the fourth quarter. TREMFYA was one of them. Aficamten, we're gonna see the phase III data. pelabresib is another. So yeah, we see, you know, we're excited to see those readouts. And, you know, I think that our expectation is that hopefully, if they're positive, that they would start contributing to growth. You know, maybe TREMFYA a little sooner, and the others obviously would need to go through the regulatory approval process, so probably more like 2025 and beyond. So that's the great thing about how we sort of build the portfolio, is that we are... We have a regular flow of catalysts like these, but also a lot of sort of just organic growth within the portfolio as well. So we... that's one of the strengths of our business model. And then on your question on pelabresib, so nothing special in the agreement with respect to that outcome. I would just remind everyone, you know, we acquired that royalty as part of our transaction with Morphosys to support their acquisition of the pelabresib program. So, you know, and it really was centered on TREMFYA, the TREMFYA royalty, which we just discussed in the last question. So, you know, we are excited to see the outcome, like I know many others are, but overall, you know, remain really happy with the Morphosys transaction and, you know, and the great royalty like TREMFYA that really anchored it. Please stand by for the next question. The next question comes from Chris Shibutani with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open. Thank you. Good morning. I think when we think about the stock, which has been challenging, you guys have been communicating effectively in terms of addressing, tackling some of the, the debates, the pre-IPO shareholders, the Vertex triple, the interest rate environment, et cetera. But one of the questions that comes up for us is this question of who are the right comps? And this came up in a recent discussion, in part because when we see some royalty trusts, which are obviously not exactly the same, these in the metal and mining and oil explorer, for instance, with kind of similar risk profiles, though, created a premium. Can you comment about how you think of comparable companies from an investment vehicle standpoint? And maybe if there are any other sort of debates that are nettlesome that you feel that you have to address. And then secondly, on the creativity, with Evrysdi, obviously, there were particular circumstances with multiple players that let you kind of double dip and expand into that opportunity. Does your creativity extend into thinking about some of the existing relationships that you have to also sort of further create additional structures that expand upon existing royalties, given the fact that you have the relationship, due diligence, et cetera, et cetera, or with the same entities, perhaps for other assets? Is that part of a proactive effort on your part to grow the book? Thanks. Yeah. So, I'll answer briefly the question on the second question on creativity. And I think, you know, the way we approach the business, and we've done it the same way for several decades, is that we try to get to know management teams, get to know the companies that they're running, the products they're developing really well, and then have a constant dialogue with them about the challenges they face, the capital they need, and then see how we can best, you know, help them fund their programs and solve problems. And we always approach this dialogue with a super open mind. I always tell the team, we need to start with a sort of blank piece of paper and not come with any preconceived ideas. Let's understand the problem first, understand the issues, the challenges, the needs, and then let's, you know, reflect and see how we can come up with creative structures. But I think the business also has this very unique characteristic of repeat business with many, you know, companies and even, you know, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and others, you know, MSK, where we, we've done, multiple deals. And we had a Slide, I think, recently, when we announced the PTC transaction of the, the volume of repeat business, which is very significant. So it is definitely something that, we’ve, you know, become known for, because I think a lot of these management teams and these companies, believe that, you know, once they establish a partnership with us, and we know each other and, you know, are easy, very easy to work with and very creative, they can, you know, then continue to, you know, work with us over time in helping them, you know, with other challenges they face. But, I’ll turn it over to I guess the first question was for Terry, yes. Yeah. So, Chris, you raise a really good point, and it's something we've thought a lot about, you know, the comps. And, you know, we really are an N of one. And so, you know, there are elements of our business that look a lot like pharma, and then there are elements that are different. And we, you know, there are elements that look like a, like another sort of gold mining royalty company or, even an alternative asset manager. And so we don't fit squarely into any one bucket. We think that that's a benefit of the business, but also does require more education on our part, and just sort of meeting with investors and being out in front of people and explaining why this business is so unique, and how you can get exposure to some of the amazing elements of biopharma without some of the, you know, some of the challenges that the biopharma sector faces. And that's taking time, and I think that, you know, we're gonna continue to work at it. In the meantime, we feel like we're continuing to execute really well. And, you know, hopefully, you know, over time, investors start to be rewarded with a much stronger share price performance. Yeah, I'll just add to what Terry said. One concept that I think is really critical here, because, you know, the question of comps is an important one, and, you know, one that, as you said, you're getting often. But I think just a much more fundamental, you know, consideration is really what drives the performance of Royalty Pharma? And when you think about it, it's really no different than, you know, a pharma company, biopharma company. It's sales of pharma products and what drives the sales of pharma products. It's, you know, new indications, penetration into new markets. We have so many new therapies in our portfolio. We've been able, over many decades, to always invest in the, you know, most exciting, new products that every wave of innovation has generated. So, we have, you know, the drivers of biopharma, which is the top line, you know, driven by, by, you know, new products and, and, you know, markets that didn't exist, and as they get penetrated, they have very, very strong underlying growth. And then, as Terry points out, again, we're not exposed to some of the headwinds of this industry. So I think it's a very, very unique investment proposition and one that, you know, investors, when we really sit down with them and investors understand what's unique about Royalty Pharma, I think they realize that this presents a very unique opportunity to invest in life sciences in a very attractive, diversified way with significant, you know, predictable growth and low risk. Great. Thanks for the comment, Chris. I show no further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to Pablo for closing remarks. Thank you, operator, and thank you to everyone on the call for your continued interest in Royalty Pharma. If you have any follow-up questions, please feel free to reach out to George. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.