Good morning, and welcome to S&P Global's first quarter and full 2020 earnings conference call. I'd like to inform you that this call is being recorded for broadcast. All participants are in a listen-only mode. We will open the conference to questions and answers after the presentation, and instructions will follow at that time. To access the webcast and slides, go to investor.spglobal.com. If you need any additional technical assistance, please press star zero and I will assist you momentarily. I'd now like to introduce Mr. Chip Merritt, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations for S&P Global. Sir, you may begin. Thank you for joining today's S&P Global fourth quarter and full year 2020 earnings call. Presenting on today's call are Doug Peterson, President, CEO, and Ewout Steenbergen, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. We issued a news release with our results earlier today. If you need a copy of the release and financial schedules, they can be downloaded at investor.spglobal.com. Before we begin, I need to provide certain cautionary remarks about forward-looking statements. Except for historical information, the matters discussed in the teleconference may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including projections, estimates, and descriptions of future events. Any such statements are based on current expectations and current economic conditions and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from results anticipated in these forward-looking statements. In this regard, we direct listeners to the cautionary statements contained in our Form 10-Ks, 10-Qs, and other periodic reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, as announced on November 30th, S&P Global and IHS Markit entered into a definitive merger agreement. This call will touch on the transaction. Please note, this call does not constitute an offer to sell or buy, or the solicitation of any offer to buy or sell any securities, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities law of any such jurisdiction. No offering of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus, meeting the requirements of Section X of the Securities Act of 1933. In connection with the proposed transaction, S&P Global and IHS Markit have filed a registration statement on Form S-4 with the SEC, which will include a joint proxy statement and a prospectus. S&P Global and IHS Markit will file other documents regarding the proposed transaction with the SEC. Before making any voting or investment decisions, investors and security holders of S&P Global or IHS Markit stock are encouraged to carefully read this entire registration statement and proxy statement prospectus, which is available on our website and sec.gov. In today's earnings release and during the conference call, we'll provide an adjusted financial information. This information is provided to enable investors to make meaningful comparisons of the corporation's operating performance between periods and to view the corporation's business from the same perspective as management's. The earnings release contains exhibits that reconcile the difference between the non-GAAP measures and the comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This call, especially the discussion of our outlook, contains statements about expected future events that are forward-looking and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations can be found in our filings with the SEC and on our website. I would also like to call your attention to a European regulation. Any investor who has or expects to obtain ownership of 5% or more of S&P Global should give me a call to better understand the impact of this legislation on the investor and potentially the company. We're aware that we do have some media representatives with us on the call. This call is intended for investors, we would ask the questions from the media be directed to Dave Guarino at 212-438-1471. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Doug Peterson. Doug? Thank you, Chip. Welcome to all of you joining today's earnings call. The first thing I'd like to do is thank our people at S&P Global for their dedication and commitment throughout 2020. As the pandemic continues to take its toll across the globe, our people remain focused on supporting each other, our customers, and our communities. Together, they continue to provide relevant and timely benchmarks, data, and research to help our clients navigate through this turbulent economy. To all 23,000 of you, let me say thank you. Now let me turn to the key financial achievements in 2020. S&P Global delivered 10% organic revenue growth and 23% adjusted diluted earnings per share growth. All four businesses contributed with growth in both revenue and adjusted operating profit. We generated $3.3 billion of free cash flow, excluding certain items, and returned $1.8 billion through share repurchases and dividends. In addition to the very strong financial results, we made significant progress on our key initiatives as well. The expertise in technology that we've developed over a number of years enabled the creation of new products, product enhancements, and productivity improvements. By funding growth investments to leverage our technology, we were able to deliver the largest collection of new product launches I can remember. We also continue to expand our ESG and climate product offerings, including the new S&P Global ESG Scores. I'll share more about all of these new products in a moment. Another highlight was the completion of our Investor Day productivity target as we surpassed the target and achieved $120 million of annual savings. Upon completion, we initiated a new $120 million program in October, which is targeted to be completed in two to three years. There are two common questions that investors have been asking for years. What will your results look like in a recession? Do you really have any more opportunities to improve margins? I think 2020 went a long way in answering both of those questions. To recap the financial results for the full year, organic revenue increased 10% to $7.4 billion. Our adjusted operating profit increased 18%, and our adjusted operating profit margin increased 310 basis points to 53.3%. In addition, shares outstanding decreased 2% over the past year, contributing to the 23% increase in adjusted diluted EPS. Ewout will review our fourth quarter financial performance in a moment. I'm particularly pleased that all four businesses contributed to the company's overall revenue growth and adjusted operating profit improvement. Ratings led the way with organic revenue up 15% and its adjusted operating profit margin of 460 basis points to 62.4%. The only business with a decline in its adjusted operating profit margin was S&P Dow Jones Indices at 69.1%. This was primarily due to higher legal expenses, ESG expansion, and incentives. It's important to remember that our 2020 financial results are part of a solid track record of performance. Over the past four years, we've posted a compound annual growth rate of 7% for revenue, and we have averaged more than 250 basis points per year of adjusted operating profit margin expansion. This has resulted in more than doubling of our adjusted diluted EPS over that timeframe. We also made large strides in non-financial metrics in 2020 by enhancing the company's environmental performance and improving our social outreach. We issued our second annual TCFD report featuring 2019 carbon-adjusted EPS. We secured approval from the Science Based Targets initiative for a new target to reduce absolute Scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions 25% by 2025. This is from a 2019 base. We're targeting to achieve net zero by 2040. We supported work-from-home arrangements with flexibility for those simultaneously caring for children or elderly family. We enhanced benefits for sick leave, global care leave, and days off for volunteering efforts and wellness. The contributions by the S&P Global Foundation increased 170% to $11 million. These donations support COVID-19 relief, racial equity, social justice, economic inclusion, environmental sustainability, and gender equality. We've also made substantial progress on our external ESG initiatives. ESG revenue reached $65 million in 2020, a 40% increase over 2019. The new product launches and ratings are all gaining momentum with the number of ESG evaluations, green evaluations, and SAM benchmarks shown here. We also saw an increase of 220 companies completing the corporate sustainability assessment. These assessments are integral to much of our ESG effort. Market Intelligence launched numerous products, including S&P Global ESG Scores covering 7,300 companies, and Trucost climate analytics and environmental data that contain environmental data on 15,000 companies. These are both available on the Market Intelligence platform or as a data feed. In Indices, ESG exchange traded funds assets under management increased by more than 200% to $20 billion. The year was filled with new ESG indices being introduced and our customers creating new ETFs and options. In Platts, the energy transition is becoming increasingly important. We continue to support the markets with new price assessments for commodities like battery metals and hydrogen. Last year, we told you about the shipping industry moving to low sulfur fuel and our launch of new low sulfur marine fuel price assessments. There are now a range of related future contracts based on our prices with open interest growing steadily. We also continued to advance our China initiatives in 2020. We introduced Mandarin language versions of both Ratings 360 and the Market Intelligence platform. We released a beta version of the China Credit Analytics platform. This is an integrated desktop solution that generates credit insights on public and private companies using unique content and localized analytics aligned with the S&P Global standards. We completed nine public ratings in the fourth quarter, including the first non-bank corporate rating, bringing the 2020 total to 22 ratings. We completed our registration enabling ratings in the exchange bond market, which accounts for approximately 40% of the total number of bond issuance in China. It is also encouraging that the Chinese bond market continues to develop. We continue to see positive signs from the Chinese regulators who are driving change in the local credit ratings markets. In addition, following several recent high-profile defaults, there's an increased sensitivity and awareness among local market participants to the quality of credit ratings. Internally, 2020 has been dubbed the year of new product launches. I can't remember a year with so many launches. This was a direct result of the increase in investment spending over the past two years, combined with our exceptional technology expertise. The launches included Marketplace, the Snowflake partnership, RiskGauge, Pro Spread, and the Platts platform, all of which we have discussed on previous earnings calls. There are two new items we haven't discussed yet. The first is the launch of S&P Riskc asting Indices, which use artificial intelligence to adjust the weighting of equity and fixed income positions in response to market signals. The second is the S&P Kensho Moonshots Index, which measures a company's propensity to innovate. The index excludes the mega cap technology names, instead focusing on the next generation of innovative companies. In addition, Ratings 360 launched comprehensive data, models, and tools for the CLO user base, and enhanced content for international and U.S. public finance. While we included the S&P Kensho Moonshots Index on the last slide, we needed a separate slide to cover all of the new products, product enhancements, and productivity improvements Kensho developed in 2020. These include OmniSearch on the Market Intelligence platform. A high-speed revamp of the Platts market on closed process utilizing AI. Publication times for assessments were reduced by an average of 80%. We've converted 66 markets to the Kensho MOC process already, and we will continue to migrate additional markets in 2021. Kensho Extract, which enables information to be replicated exactly as found in the original document. Kensho's indices have also made great progress with the SPDR S&P Kensho New Economies Composite ETF ending 2020 with over $2.3 billion in AUM, a 10-fold increase this year. We've made several Kensho solutions available on our recently launched Marketplace. The first is Kensho Scribe, a tool that enabled us to create 36,000 transcripts last year while expanding our corporate coverage by 1,500 companies. This tool is now available for our clients to convert speech to text. The second is Kensho Link, a tool that enabled us to have datasets on 11 million entities from Creditsafe, Frequent, and IPqwery. This tool is also available to our clients to help link datasets. Taken together, cognitive automation from Kensho Link, Kensho Scribe, and several other machine learning tools have delivered an estimated 700,000 hours of savings. While we have developed exceptional technology capabilities among our IT community, we have also made great strides to expand technological skills of all employees. A great example is robotic process automation or RPA. Employees from around the company have embraced RPA, taken internal classes, and created their own bots, generating an estimated savings of 300,000 hours in 2020. While all of the work that we do internally is what drives much of our success, key industry trends also help. The shift into passive investing continues. This chart shows the cumulative U.S. equity flows of $1.8 trillion in the past 10 years, and we are a prime beneficiary of this trend. If we look at ETF AUM associated with our indices, there has been an almost 150% increase over the past five years to $2 trillion. Over the long run, we believe this trend will continue. The increase in global issuance has been another positive trend for the company. While 2020 issuance in aggregate increased 13%, as is often the case, there were pockets of strength and pockets of weakness. Global investment grade and high yield were the strongest categories, increasing 26% and 27% respectively. This was due to incredible activity in the U.S., which increased 53% and 66% respectively. Meanwhile, both structured and leveraged loans lagged in 2020. The market clearly favored high yield issuance over leveraged loans in 2020. Besides the decline in leveraged loan issuance in the U.S. and Europe, this slide depicts the percentage of loans that we rated, which was 91% in both the U.S. and Europe. I would now like to shift the presentation to our outlook for 2021. Let us start with the latest view from our economists. They are forecasting global GDP growth of 5% in 2021, with growth accelerating during the year as vaccinations proceed and lockdowns recede. They believe fiscal and monetary policy will remain very accommodative and flexible. While the correlation between GDP and issuance was severed by the pandemic, we expect a long-term correlation to remain intact. The latest global refinancing study was issued earlier this week. The total amount of global debt maturing in this study is $11.3 trillion over the next five years. This is up 5% from the $10.8 trillion highlighted in last year's study. The chart on the right depicts the global high yield debt maturing over the next five years. It totals to $3 trillion, up 20% from $2.5 trillion in last year's study. This bodes well for future high yield issuance. After issuance growth of 15% in 2019 and 17% in 2020, our ratings research group anticipates that issuance will decrease 3% in 2021. The forecast calls for gains in financials and structured 4% and 3% respectively, and decreases in non-financials and US municipals issuance of 9% and 5% respectively. Please note that this is an issuance forecast, not a revenue forecast. Despite the forecasted decline, supporting factors in 2021 include favorable financing conditions, increasing amounts of sovereign debt with negative yields, and a renewed M&A pipeline for corporations. On this slide, I want to share some of the key initiatives that we're focused on in 2021. Asia and China in particular, continue to be attractive markets for new product development and expanded products and broadening Ratings 360 coverage to additional issuer categories. We also want to focus on innovation and technology. We will do this by bolstering our data and systems capabilities to support growth while leveraging technology for new products and improved customer experiences. We will continue to enhance our data extraction and ingestion capabilities. We're especially pleased to integrate our company-wide ESG offerings, creating new ESG products, and extending our existing ESG coverage universe. The most important initiative of the year will be our upcoming merger with IHS Markit. This is an incredibly transformative opportunity for our company and our customers. The combination of S&P Global and IHS Markit creates a strong company. We'll have increased scale and world-class products across numerous core markets, with a track record of deploying cutting-edge technology to accelerate our Powering the Markets of the Future strategy. The pro forma company will serve a global customer base across financial information and services, ratings, indices, commodities and energy, and transportation and engineering. Together, we will offer differentiated data, analytics, research, and benchmarks important to the workflows of many of the world's leading companies and governments. We expect the combined company to deliver EBITDA synergies of approximately $680 million, resulting in a highly profitable combined company with continued opportunity for margin expansion. The acquisition is expected to generate a return on invested capital in excess of our weighted cost of capital after full synergy realization, consistent with our M&A philosophy. For the employees of both companies, we will combine two best-in-class workforces and deep expertise in complementary cultures focused on serving the global needs of our customers. I'm incredibly proud of the team we've built at S&P Global. I look forward to welcoming the talented IHS Markit employees to S&P Global. There are three parallel paths that are underway to close the transaction and prepare for the combination. The first is shareholder approval. The Form S-4 was filed and became effective last month. This enabled us to establish record dates and schedule shareholder meetings. Both shareholder meetings are scheduled for March 11th. The second is regulatory approval. We're working toward regulatory approval in the countries listed. We continue to expect closing the second half of 2021. The third is pre-close integration planning. We have created integration teams focused on day one readiness. These teams are developing plans that focus on organizational integration, real estate consolidation, technology scale and efficiency, cross-selling, and new product development. We've created a value capture work stream similar to what we established on our SNL acquisition to pursue and track synergies. The new company will have six businesses. Martina Cheung will lead Ratings. Martina will also be responsible for leading ESG across the company. Adam Kansler will lead Market Intelligence and Financial Services. Saugata Saha will lead Platts and Resources. Dan Draper will lead Indices. Edouard Tavernier will lead Transportation. In addition to being CFO, Ewout Steenbergen will lead Consolidated Markets & Solutions. After the merger is closed, John Berisford will lead all of our integration efforts together with Ewout. I'm optimistic that S&P Global has a great future as a standalone company with exceptional assets, technology, and people. Combining our company with IHS Markit makes for an even brighter future. Now I'd like to turn the call over to Ewout Steenbergen, who is going to provide additional insights into our financial performance and outlook. Ewout? Thank you, Doug, and welcome to all of you on the call. Let me start with our fourth quarter financial results. Organic revenue increased 6%. Adjusted corporate and allocated expense decreased 21%, primarily due to the timing of charitable contributions, lower professional fees, and a reduction in the company's real estate footprint. Adjusted total expenses increased 11%. I will come back to this on the next slide. Adjusted operating profit margin decreased 150 basis points due to the increase in total expenses. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the successful resolution of various tax audits and a true-up of prior period taxes. Average diluted shares outstanding declined 2%. Adjusted diluted EPS increased 7%. While total adjusted expenses for the full year increased 4%, for the fourth quarter, they increased 11%. This was primarily due to increased incentives as a result of strong 2020 financial performance, expenses related to the acquisitions of Greenwich Associates by CRISIL, and the RobecoSAM ESG data and analytics platform, and investments in growth initiatives and productivity programs. The non-GAAP adjustments this quarter collectively generated a net pre-tax loss of $247 million. They included $138 million associated with office lease, equipment, and software impairments, $55 million in restructurings across the company, $24 million in item of office and equipment leases. The restructuring actions will result in annual savings of approximately $70 million. Approximately $20 million of these savings are part of the new $120 million productivity program. The balance is related to separate business efficiency initiatives. This quarter, all four divisions delivered increased revenue, with Indices achieving double-digit growth. As I explained earlier, due to increased costs, adjusted operating profit margins were generally muted. For the full year, Ratings and Platts delivered superior adjusted operating profit margin improvement, Market Intelligence increased slightly with elevated investment spending, and Indices decreased slightly, primarily due to higher legal expenses and ESG investments. Each year on our fourth quarter earnings call, we share changes in our headcount. In 2020, headcount increased 2%. This year, we separated enterprise technology headcount from corporate headcount. Corporate was the area with the largest headcount increase at 16%. This was the result of insourcing about 130 order-to-cash positions, resulting in annual savings of several million dollars. The only other area that had an outsized increase was Platts, which increased headcount 5%. This was due to investment spending to expand their commercial presence in Asia and fund their benchmark acceleration program, as well as insourcing of IT contractors. Last year, we shared this slide and estimated that we would invest $150 million in growth initiatives in 2020. The projects that make up this total are listed on the left. We ended up spending $139 million, which was still an exceptional level of activity for the company. For 2021, we expect investment spending to moderate to $100 million. This activity, coupled with the merger with IHS Markit, should keep the organization fully engaged with exciting new projects and opportunities. On our third quarter earnings call, we introduced a new $120 million productivity program to be completed over the next two to three years. I'm pleased to report that we're off to a fast start, with $49 million of run rate savings already achieved. These were mainly from reduced real estate and changes to IT contracts, as well as investments made to permanently reduce G&A. These run rate savings do not include the $20 million benefit from the impairments and restructuring actions taken at the end of 2020. Now turning to the balance sheet. Our balance sheet has low leverage and surplus liquidity. We have cash and cash equivalents of $4.1 billion. This is temporarily higher than necessary and will be reduced when we resume share repurchases. Debt of $4.1 billion, an undrawn revolver capacity of $1.2 billion, and no commercial paper outstanding. Our adjusted gross debt to adjusted EBITDA is consistent with our current leverage target. Free cash flow, excluding certain items, reached $3.3 billion in 2020, an increase of $714 million or 28% over the prior year period. In 2020, the company returned $1.2 billion to repurchase four million shares and paid dividends of $645 million. In aggregate, we returned 55% of free cash flow, excluding certain items. This falls short of our target of 75%, as we had to curtail share repurchases due to the merger. If there is an open window and we have an opportunity, we will repurchase shares before the merger closes. If not, we anticipate resuming share repurchases after the merger is completed. Now, let's turn to the division results. Starting with S&P Dow Jones Indices, the segment delivered 10% revenue growth, primarily due to gains in AUM linked to our indices and data subscriptions. In the fourth quarter, we reported an 8% increase in adjusted expenses, primarily due to incentive compensation through-ups, increased headcount, and application development spending. An 11% increase in adjusted segment operating profit and an adjusted segment operating profit margin of 68.5%, an increase of 50 basis points. On a trailing four-quarter basis, the adjusted segment operating profit margin decreased 40 basis points to 69.1%. S&P Dow Jones Indices delivered growth across all revenue channels this quarter. Asset-linked fees increased 12% with gains in ETFs and mutual funds. Exchange traded derivative revenue increased 3%. Data and custom subscriptions increased 7% due to an increase in end-of-day ACV. Activity at the Cboe decreased in the fourth quarter with S&P 500 index options activity decreasing 13% and fixed futures and options activity decreasing 1%. This was in contrast to increased activity at the CME, where the equity complex volume increased 58%. Almost all of the gain at the CME was due to the successful launch of the Micro E-Mini S&P 500 futures. Excluding this product, the volumes at the CME equity complex were essentially flat. Market Intelligence delivered organic revenue growth of 7%, with strength in both renewals and new business. Usage of our key market platforms increased 13% year-over-year. Adjusted expenses increased 10% due to incentive compensation through-ups and higher commissions and royalties. Adjusted segment operating profit increased 2%, and the adjusted segment operating profit margin decreased 160 basis points to 30.7%. On a trailing four-quarter basis, adjusted segment operating profit margin increased 30 basis points to 32.4%. Looking across the Market Intelligence components, desktop revenue grew 5%, excluding acquisitions and divestments. During 2020, Market Intelligence delivered significant enhancements to the MI platform. These included improved visualization, a customizable dashboard, integration of Kensho Omnisearch, an upgraded mobile experience, and a cloud-based infrastructure for better performance. These enhancements help us meet the needs of many platform users and position us well for continued execution against our integrated desktop roadmap. Data management solutions revenue grew 10%, and credit risk solutions revenue grew 8%. Ratings reported revenue increased 7%. Organic revenue increased 5%, excluding the acquisitions of the ESG data and analytics platform from RobecoSAM and CRISIL's acquisition of Greenwich Associates. Adjusted expenses increased 17%, primarily due to incentive true-ups and acquisitions. This resulted in a 1% increase in adjusted segment operating profit and a 370 basis points decrease in adjusted segment operating profit margin. On a trailing four-quarter basis, adjusted segment operating profit margin increased 460 basis points to 62.4%. Non-transaction revenue increased 15%. Organic non-transaction revenue increased 11%, primarily due to fees associated with surveillance, frequent issuer programs, rating evaluation service on increased M&A activity, and higher new entity credit ratings activity. Transaction revenue was relatively flat as increases in bank loan ratings revenue were offset by a decrease in bond issuance compared to a very strong fourth quarter of 2019. As we have seen time and time again, the various parts of the ratings business often move in opposite directions with some up and some down in any given quarter or year. This quarter, non-transaction revenue was strong, while transaction revenue was unchanged. Non-transaction revenue is generally a steady source of growth, but it broke out to the upside in the fourth quarter. About one-third of the organic growth in the fourth quarter was from surveillance fees and frequent issuer programs that are more recurring in nature. About one-third was from large jumps in RES and new entity credit ratings, which we expect to continue to be strong in 2021, and about one-third was from other items. This slide depicts ratings revenue by its end markets. The largest contributor to the increase in ratings revenue was an 8% increase in corporates. In addition, financial services revenue increased 6%, structured finance decreased 6%, government decreased 3%, and the CRISIL and other category increased 8%. On the right side of the slide, you can see the changes in revenue within structured products. The largest change was in CMBS, which was due to a 64% decrease in global CMBS issuance. Now turning to Platts. Reported revenue increased 5%, with core subscriptions increasing 6% and global trading services decreasing 5%. GTS revenue decreased mainly due to lower natural gas and iron ore volumes, partially offset by increased LNG volumes. Also, due to COVID, our conference business revenue was down about $1.5 million in the quarter. Adjusted expenses increased 7% due to incentive true-ups and growth investments. Adjusted segment operating profit margin decreased 100 basis points to 51.7%. The trailing four quarter adjusted segment operating profit margin increased 230 basis points to 54.7%. The fastest-growing categories during the quarter were petrochemicals up 18% and power and gas up 6%. Petrochemicals had a favorable comparison to a weak fourth quarter of 2019. We recently filed the S-4 and received a handful of questions about the document. They were generally related to the two topics on this slide. The first question was if the 2021 standalone adjusted diluted EPS in the S-4 was our guidance. It's not. The $12.36 figure in the S-4 assumes that we will continue to repurchase shares in 2021 as a standalone company. As we have stated, we think that it is unlikely we will resume share repurchases before the merger with IHS Markit closes. Our 2021 guidance assumes no share repurchases. The second difference is that the S-4 figures were based on our October internal forecast. Our initial 2021 guidance is based on our most recent internal forecast, which has improved outlook, primarily due to increased growth in ACV and our subscription businesses and AUM in our indices business. The second question was why the cash flow figures in the S-4 differ from the figures stated on the merger conference call and our normal free cash flow reporting. These are two different views of free cash flow. The S-4 provides an unlevered free cash flow forecast, typically utilized to value companies via a discounted cash flow analysis. The difference between the unlevered free cash flow in the S-4 and the free cash flow in our guidance and discussed on our merger call is that the S-4 definition includes stock-based compensation expenses and acquisitions and excludes interest payments. We're not providing 2021 GAAP guidance because, given the inherent uncertainty around the merger, management cannot reliably predict all of the necessary components of GAAP measures. This slide depicts our adjusted guidance. While we expect that the merger will occur in the second half of this year, we're providing adjusted guidance on a standalone basis. Revenue increasing mid-single digits, corporate unallocated expense in the range of $140 million-$150 million, an increase over the $128 million in 2020 due to some expected normalization of pandemic-related cost savings. Deal-related amortization of $95 million-$100 million, a decrease from the $123 million in 2020, as certain assets have been fully amortized. Operating profit margin in a range of 53.8%-54.3%, which is 50-100 basis points higher than in 2020. Interest expense net, which includes both interest income and interest expense, in the range of $120 million-$125 million. This is lower than the $141 million in 2020 due to the recent refinancing of a large portion of our outstanding debt. A tax rate in the range of 21.5%-22.5%, which is consistent with the 21.5% reported in 2020. Diluted EPS in a range of $12.25-$12.45, a 5%-7% increase over 2020. While this growth rate might seem modest, it is 29%-31% higher than our 2019 EPS. That's an average of about 15% per year. We just happened to achieve most of this increase in 2020. Also, keep in mind that these figures assume no share purchases in 2021. Finally, free cash flow generation in a range of $3.3 billion-$3.4 billion, which is flat to up $100 million compared to 2020 due to improved business performance, partially offset by normalizing cash collections following a strong year with record low delinquencies in 2020. In addition to the slides that we have reviewed on this call, there is an appendix with additional fourth quarter slides that can be downloaded from the investor presentation section of the investor relations website. In conclusion, 2020 was a very strong year for S&P Global. Despite the recession, all of our businesses grew revenue, and we improved our adjusted operating margin by 310 basis points. Year after year, we have demonstrated our ability to grow revenue and adjusted operating margin, and we don't believe that we are close to being done. We remain encouraged about our future and have just introduced 2021 adjusted guidance that reflects our optimism. Finally, I want to echo Doug's comments about our employees. They continue to perform at an exceptional level in difficult circumstances, and Doug, myself, and the rest of the leadership team applaud their tenacity and innovativeness. With that, let me turn the call back over to Chip for your questions. Thank you. Just a couple of instructions for our phone participants. To indicate that you wish to ask a question, please press star one and record your name. To cancel or withdraw your question, simply press star two. Please limit yourself to two questions in order to allow time for other callers during today's Q&A session. If you've been listening through a speakerphone but would now like to ask a question, we ask that you lift your handset prior to pressing star one and remain on the handset until your question has been answered. This will ensure better sound quality. Operator, we will now take our first question. Thank you. Our first question comes from Toni Kaplan from Morgan Stanley. You may ask your question. Toni, you might be on mute. Toni, your line is open. Announcement of buying IHS Markit, what's been the reaction from your largest customers and from your internal business units? Is there anything in particular that they're excited about or conversely concerned about that maybe you weren't expecting initially? Toni, hi. This is Doug. Let me take that. Well, first of all, thank you for joining the call today. Since we announced the merger with IHS Markit, it's been great excitement from our customers. We have heard in particular from the financial institutions about all of the capabilities we're going to be bringing together from the energy industry. We've also seen a lot of excitement from the people that are interested in ESG. Our employees are also very excited about that. We know each other. We had worked together before between our index business, their fixed income index business, and our index business. People know each other there. We've had great respect for Lance and for the team at IHS Markit, there's excitement across the board, and we see things very positive. One final comment. As you saw in the slide, we talked about parallel paths. One of those is integration planning. Our teams have started to get to know each other through the integration work that we're planning for. Again, there's a lot of respect for each of the teams and a lot of progress being made there. Great. Wanted to ask about the Market Intelligence strategy going forward. Historically, you've been positioned as the low price competitor relative to peers. With all the assets that you've purchased over the years and with the eventual integration of IHS's data, does your strategy change going forward? Would you expect to be at a higher price level, or should we expect your growth to be more driven by adding more customers? Maybe it's both. Just how do we think about the strategy there? Thanks. Yeah, this is really a little bit premature for me to be giving you the strategy, but if you think about what we're going to be bringing together, Market Intelligence right now has a really strong base of installed customers, hundreds of thousands of users that are already using our information. You think about that as one distribution channel for all of the very rich IHS Markit data. On the other hand, IHS Markit also has very powerful tools, which include workflow for financial institutions and for corporates in asset management industry, et cetera. Getting those two together is going to allow us to have a much more comprehensive strategy, both looking at the value that we bring, which you talk about as a price strategy, but I think of more as a value strategy that expands that. Also ability to bring many more products and services to all of the different kinds of customers that we serve. Thanks a lot. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question comes from Alex Kramm with UBS. You may ask your question. Hey, good morning. Just going to the base business for a minute here on the ratings side. I think you made the comment, Doug, that the 3% issuance forecast, we should not take that as an indication of revenue. Can you just flesh out the other pieces we should be thinking about? Clearly, there's going to be a much different mix this year. You obviously have some pricing opportunities and then clearly, the recurring revenues have been running along very nicely and maybe talk about the sustainability of those. Anything that can help us bridge that gap to how we should be thinking about revenue there. Thanks. Yes. Good morning, Alex. This is Ewout. As we have said many times about the ratings business, it doesn't always rain everywhere at the same time. There are always components that are going up and several other components that are going down. In aggregate, the outlook for ratings looks always quite constructive. For 2021, overall, from a revenue perspective, we expect low to mid-single-digit growth for ratings, and that is particularly helped by non-transaction revenue. Non-transaction revenue, we're currently estimating to grow at a mid to high single-digit level in 2021. That is being helped by higher surveillance fees based on more bonds outstanding, based on the issuance levels last year, frequent issuer programs, rating evaluation services, which we expect to continue to be helped by the M&A environment. In terms of a mix, there's always some elements that are going up and down. In addition to that, we should also see some benefits from new products. Overall, I think a very constructive outlook for ratings. Again, overall, from a revenue perspective for the full year, low to mid-single-digit revenue growth. Excellent. Thank you. Secondarily, Ewout, you made this comment briefly that, in terms of share repurchases, you could be doing something before the deal closes if there was an open window. Maybe just flesh out what an open window means. Related to that, what are your minimum cash requirements on a standalone and combined company so we can dimensionalize that a little bit here. Thanks. Yes, Alex. We would love to do share buybacks. There are certain regulatory limitations that we are facing this year. Think, for example, about the current period where the shareholders vote is underway. We would not be able to do share buybacks until the shareholders meeting on March the 11th. Of course, we have also closed windows with respect to our quarterly results. We should not be in possession of material non-public information. A combination of those elements might make the windows that we can do buybacks quite limited. We think it is unlikely we can do buybacks. If there is an opportunity and from a legal perspective, we should be clear, we definitely would like to restart some of the buybacks. Otherwise, we will do that post-close of the merger. There's definitely going to be, at that point in time, some catch-up buybacks because, of course, we're falling short towards our return targets at this point in time. As we have stated at the merger call, in terms of our new financial targets, we're expecting to return at least 85% of free cash flow going forward for the combined company. The combined company, from a free cash flow perspective, should have a very strong profile north of $4 billion out of the gate in terms of free cash flow and growing to about $5 billion or north of $5 billion in a few years' time. From a balance sheet perspective, we will have a very robust balance sheet in the future with a leverage ratio in a range of 2%-2.5%. Of course, we'll have some minimum cash, but absolutely, we have currently excess cash, surplus cash that we will return to shareholders once we have the opportunity to do so. Fantastic. Thank you. Thanks, Alex. Thank you. Our next question comes from Ashish Sabadra from Deutsche Bank. You may ask your question. Thanks for taking my question. As you've commenced your integration planning activities, obviously, you've given a pretty robust cost synergy targets as part of the merger. Are there areas that you've identified that could be potential incremental opportunities as you go through this integration planning? Thanks. At this moment, the expense synergies of $480 million is still our best estimate at this point in time. Please keep in mind, we're still in a planning phase, and both companies are run separately and independently. You know us as management, you know our management philosophy and approach. We will always look for further opportunities, but the $480 million of expense synergies is the number we are committed to right now. That's very helpful. Maybe just a quick follow-up to earlier question Toni asked, just around the data as well as the Kensho's data science. I was wondering, how do you think about opportunities to further enhance the data lake that IHS Markit has by combining the data that S&P has, but more importantly, applying Kensho's data science on top of it? Wondering if you could share any incremental thoughts on that front. Yes. Thank you, Ashish, and welcome to the call. I think this is the first time we've had you on the call. Well, first of all, this is one of the areas that we've got a lot of excitement about. If you think about what it's like to have the amount of data across both companies and you see the success we've had with Kensho the last few years. Today, we highlighted many of the new areas that they've been providing great success. When we think about the data that IHS Markit brings, just as an example, there's 50,000 customers in 140 countries. They're serving 80% of the Fortune Global 500, 94 of the largest companies in the U.S. On top of that, with the pricing data, the reference data, the private market solutions, the fixed income benchmarks and indices, and then all of that put together in a comprehensive data strategy with the data lake, that's going to give us an ability to take the Kensho capabilities and develop all types of new products and services. If you think about that, though, in addition, IHS Markit also brings its own high-quality data sciences teams. Across S&P Global, we also have other high-quality data sciences teams. This is one of the areas of the merger that we're most excited about, and we've got teams that have already started looking at what some of those possibilities are. Thanks, Doug. That was very helpful color. Thank you. Thank you. Our next question comes from Andrew Nicholas from William Blair. You may ask your question. Hi, good morning. Just wanted to ask maybe a bigger picture question. Just wondering how you as a management team manage the different investment opportunities, growth initiatives, hiring plans for the standalone business with such a major merger expected to close later in the year. Are you a bit more hesitant to commit to multi-year projects, again, for the standalone business, knowing that there could be higher FI opportunities that present themselves as a combined entity? Do you just keep your head down and run the existing business and address those opportunities when the time comes? I'm just curious. Any insight on how you plan to manage that during the waiting period would be helpful. Andrew, this is Doug. I'm going to start and then hand it off to Ewout. As you've seen earlier, we spent $139 million last year on a budget of $150 million of a target. This year, we've targeted $100 million for our incremental growth expenses. We have a process around that. I'm going to hand that off to Ewout to talk more about that. What's important for us is that we are managing the company for the long run. We think that there are opportunities for us to continue to grow in the ratings business and Platts, Market Intelligence, and indices very specifically with the capabilities that we have today, expanding into new markets like we've mentioned, Asia or China. New product capabilities or customer experience that we think are very important to continue with our differentiation that drives our growth. We're committed to all of those organic investments that we see internally and to keep driving those. As I just mentioned, there's also so many possibilities of bringing the two companies together. It's too early for us to plan those. As Ewout mentioned, we're two separate companies. We're managed separately. We can start dimensioning those and working together to identify what those could be. That's one of the reasons we pulled back the investment from $150 to $100 this year, because we didn't want to overextend people on areas that they might not be able to deliver once we start focusing on the integration. Ewout, do you want to talk a little bit more about our investment planning? Andrew, the way how we operate here is we have a committee, an investment committee, that is built up by the business presidents and myself, and we're looking at all the growth initiatives that are being put forward. These are initiatives that should drive revenue growth going forward and should have a minimum level of investments, because we don't want to look at all the small investments. These should be larger growth initiatives for the company that should help with revenue growth in the future. We make selections, which of those are the most interesting, where we would allocate our resources. It's not only financial resources. More often, of course, product development resources, technology resources might be limiting factors there as well. Ultimately, we allocate funding to those initiatives. We are very encouraged about the growth of those initiatives. As Doug has mentioned during the prepared remarks, we have seen a lot of product launches in 2020. We're seeing good traction of those initiatives. We're very encouraged at the level of innovation and new business development that we're having within the company. We're continuing with that as well in 2021. Please keep in mind that although the overall investment number is dropping, it doesn't mean that those costs are going away, because after two years, when an initiative is funded for a period of two years, it goes to a business as usual situation, and those costs will become part of the normal business as usual budget of the division. It is not really a total expense drop, but the investments, the new investments in the first two years is going to be about $100 million in 2021. Still, I think a very good number, a strong number, and all of these initiatives from our perspective make sense independently of the merger because they all are good initiatives that will help also the combined company in the future. Great. Thank you. That's helpful. Then as my follow-up, in the index business, I know you're still six, nine months away from closing. I am curious if you have any initial thoughts on kind of the strategy or change in kind of distribution approach that might be required as you kind of focus on building out fixed income and multi-asset ETF products. Just trying to figure out how those businesses might differ from equity ETFs and that kind of ecosystem, if at all. Thank you. Thank you. There's not a major change in the distribution strategy. Dan Draper, who joined us middle of the year last year, has put in place an excellent strategy to look across all of the different types of asset classes we want to be covering, which include multi-asset classes, looking at what's all of the major trends in the ETF markets, the mutual fund industry, as well as private investors, and finding ways for us to bring the solutions that they need. As you can see from the growth in the markets, the growth is coming across many different types of asset classes, including fixed income and equities, global equities, commodities, real estate, et cetera. So we want to be able to approach all of the different channels that we have with this broader set of capabilities and broader set of indices. It's not going to be so much a change in distribution strategy. It's a change in the capabilities and the breadth of the different kinds of products we'll be able to provide. Got it. Makes sense. Thanks a lot. Thanks, Andrew. Thank you. Our next question comes from Jeff Silber from BMO Capital Markets. Thanks so much. Ewout, you were kind enough earlier to give us a little bit of color on the revenue guidance for the Ratings segment. I was wondering if we can get similar comments on your other three segments. Thanks. Of course, Jeff. Mid-single-digit growth is the expectation for Market Intelligence and Platts, mid to high single-digit revenue growth expectation for the index business. On an enterprise basis, mid-single digit for this year. All right, great. Sounds like you were prepared to answer that question. I appreciate that. Moving back to your slide presentation, I think it was slide 19 where you talked about the shift in global issuance among the different aspects. I'm just wondering, is there a meaningful impact either on your revenues or margin because of this shift? Thanks. Let me take that one, Jeff. Well, first of all, as you know, there's always a lot of shifts around the different kinds of issuance. Just a couple of examples. In the fourth quarter, while the corporates were only up 2.7% in the U.S., financial institutions were up almost 27%, at the same time, structured finance was down 27% globally. You always see this kind of a mix in the aspects of the ratings business. We see, generally speaking, fees based on the size of a transaction for structured finance, based on the complexity and size of structured loans of if you look at leveraged transactions, high yield bonds, et cetera. Generally speaking, we do get higher fees from those types of asset classes. Okay, great. That's really helpful. Thanks so much. Thanks, Jeff. Thank you. Our next question comes from Owen Lau from Oppenheimer. You may ask your question. Good morning. Thank you for taking my question. Doug, you mentioned that there have been some high-profile default in China, and there's an increased sensitivity in the quality of local rating. Could you please talk about your recent conversation with China on this topic? Is any short-term solution, and does it accelerate the timeline for China to open up its capital markets? Thank you. Well, as you know, we've been encouraged as the China bond market continues to develop that this is something that despite me saying that there have been some defaults, it's not that I'm encouraged about the defaults, but what you see now is the regulators are really starting to pay attention to the quality of the ratings in the markets as well as the market participants. We have seen recently that the regulators have started to put in place some new discussions around eliminating the double-A floor for the insurance industry. They're also looking at seeing if they're going to have a new approach to regulating the ratings industry. There's also been some interest among specific market participants at a recent report we put out, which showed what the spread would be of different bonds that you compare them to a rating scale. We're very encouraged that the Chinese bond market, it continues to develop, the regulators are focused on it, and most importantly, investors themselves are looking at seeing how they can drive a much higher quality credit ratings industry. Got it. That's very helpful. In terms of your blockchain initiatives, I think, Doug, you also mentioned Distro previously for the renewable energy. Could you please give us an update on that project? I remember like two, three years ago, you also mentioned a project at the Port of Fujairah. Could you please also give us an update as well? Thank you. We think that blockchain is one of the areas that will continue to develop in financial markets from the point of view of contracts, specialized contracts, the ability to gather data in a way that becomes reliable and it becomes unchangeable. The place we've been working on this in the company is through Platts. The first application was in the Fujairah port, where now all of the participants in that major port provide all of their data through a blockchain application that goes to the regulators, and then we have access to that to be able to use it for pricing, for references, as well as for news. We recently worked on the Distro project, which allows us to also get that same kind of information in another market. As we advance this, it's something that we're learning across the company. We think blockchain will be an area that with IHS Markit, we can advance our work, and we're very pleased that we're able to have some initial wins, and especially with Fujairah and then in Rotterdam. Got it. Thank you very much. Thank you, Owen. Thank you. Our next question comes from Craig Huber with Huber Research Partners. You may ask your question. Oh, great. Thank you. Two questions. Maybe I'll start with Ewout or Doug. Maybe talk about this merger, the playbook or the similarities you guys are going to put in place here. I'm trying to think about this versus where your company was at versus, say, three, four, five years ago, and all the changes you guys put in place to raise margins, increase the efficiency at S&P Legacy and what you learned there, and you plan on applying on that side of the business over IHS going forward. Can you touch on that briefly, please? The playbook. Craig, let me start. This is something that we've thought a lot about. When we were working on this idea with our management team and our board of directors, one of the most important questions that I asked, and we had good discussion with the board, is do we have the capacity to undertake a transaction like this? That includes our management capacity, our people, our team, our technology. What are the lessons learned we've had? Do we have, in particular, the ability to undertake an integration like this? One of the other questions we asked is, what kind of talent will IHS Markit bring as well? As we did our due diligence, and we already knew the team, but as we got to know them better, we were impressed that they were also going to bring a really high-quality management team that would be complementary to ours, and that together we could actually undertake something like this. One thing that we've done over the past five years is we put in place a very disciplined approach to managing the company. It starts with an annual plan that we look at with the board of directors, we agree on. It leads to goals and objectives which feed into our own individual performance goals as well as our divisional and functional performance goals. Those include areas that are customer, operations, people. It's not only driven by financial performance. We also include operational targets, which includes risk management targets. We put in place a management system which we think will work very well with the IHS Markit team. If we wouldn't have had the confidence that we had that process in place now for many years, that we had been delivering, and that we had the capacity to do something like this, and along with the quality of the teams coming along, we would not have undertaken something like this. My follow-on question is more of a nitpick here, the non-transaction line within ratings. You touched on this briefly, but obviously it's up 15% or so year-over-year. It was also up 15% coincidentally versus the average of the first three quarters as you know. You talked about guidance for this new year, I think about mid to high single digits for non-transaction ratings for the new year, which is higher than it generally runs at. If you just annualize that 451 you had for non-transaction ratings and you apply that for all of next year on a year-over-year basis, that would be up about 11%. Clearly there must be something sort of one time in nature that benefits you guys in non-transaction ratings in 4Q. Maybe if you could just touch on that. I'm just trying to understand that great increase you had there. Thank you. Hey, Craig, that's a great observation. 15% is the non-transaction reported revenue growth. 11% is to organic non-transaction revenue growth. The difference of the 4% is driven mostly by CRISIL and CRISIL's acquisition of Greenwich Associates. Greenwich Associates has a certain pattern in terms of recognizing revenues and expenses that is mostly in the fourth quarter of every year, given their level of activity. That's why that difference between organic and reported non-transaction was a bit larger than normally you would see in a particular quarter. That was driven by that particular acquisition. Therefore, 11% is more what you should look at from an ongoing basis organically. Then we said those one-third is coming from the revenues coming from non-transaction revenues from surveillance and another one-third from rating evaluation services that we also expect to be strong in 2021. Therefore, the mid to high single-digit growth outlook for non-transaction this year. Thank you. Thanks, Craig. Thank you. Our next question comes from Hamzah Mazari from Jefferies. You may ask your question. Hey, good morning. Thank you. My first question is just on Market Intelligence margins. Could you maybe talk about how you're thinking about margins here? Is this sort of a trough margin and we build from here, just given some of the investment spend, and just given your longer-term target for this segment being, I guess, mid to high 30s? Good morning, Hamzah. If you look at the Market Intelligence margins for 2020, they were for the full year up 30 basis points. What you see is underlying growth from operations and the normal operating leverage that the business is having. The offsets were some of the acquisitions that were margin dilutive. For example, the 451 Research acquisition as well as the investment spend. The investment spend should translate in 2021 to additional revenue growth. We should start to see the benefits of those investment spends in 2021. Overall, the investment spend for Market Intelligence will come down a bit. Overall, we should expect that the operating leverage will be stronger, and therefore, also the margin expansion will be stronger for Market Intelligence in 2021. What we overall expect is Market Intelligence margins to see quite a nice increase during this year. Great. Just a question on the deal. Is it fair to say that don't expect any new information until the deal closes around synergies, revenue synergies, cost synergies, cash integration costs? Do you expect to release information as you're going through this pre-planning phase? Hamzah, of course, we are going through the planning phase. A lot of work is underway, more work to be done up to the point that we will close. At this moment, this is the information that we can provide to you. As you know, the S-4 is now effective. We would expect some updates closer to the close of the merger itself or post the merger itself. We are not really planning to give any changes in updates between now and the close. Got it. Thank you so much. Thanks, Hamzah. Yeah. Thank you. Our next question comes from Simon Clinch with Atlantic Equities. You may ask your question. Hi, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. I was wondering if I could just going back to the fantastic sort of innovations products that you outlined from your Kensho capabilities. Could you just talk about how those kinds of new innovations feed through to actual incremental revenue opportunities for you over time in terms of the process of distributing them to customers and when you actually start monetizing them? Are these the kinds of things that are built into your expectations for revenue synergies, in part for the IHS merger as well? Yeah. First of all, let me mention that when we talked earlier about some of the growth that we've seen in the Kensho indices, where we grew 10 times in the SPDR Kensho New Economy Index, that's something that directly drives revenue. We have other areas where something like our OmniSearch, which is an ability to have an intuitive search tool on our Market Intelligence platform. That's something that drives traffic, and it drives retention. It gives you a superior ability to gather data from the markets and to link it. That, again, is something that drives retention. Another example would be something like we talked before about being able to ingest 11 million new company data from groups like Preqin into our private capital information. Something like that drives the ability for us to have unique data faster than any other organization. Another example of that would be something like market on close in Platts, where we started off with one pilot. Now we're up to 80 different commodities that are using a new process that gets our information to the market 80% faster. We think that all of these, whether it's efficiency, it's data linking, it's actual products themselves that are being delivered by Kensho, all of those, at the end of the day, help drive customer experience or directly drive revenue. Simon, if I may build on Doug's answer, the revenue benefit from Kensho you see now within the division. It's all recognized within the divisions. I think over time, you would see more also external revenue coming from Kensho again. Some of Kensho capabilities are now offered on the Marketplace or sold directly to certain customers. That's a benefit that will come in. Kensho was pivoted more internally for the first period, but we see a little bit of change, more pivot to an external focus again over the next period. Then to the last part of your question, what could this do for the merger? At this moment, in terms of the merger synergies, we have not contemplated any benefits from Kensho. We're actually also excited to see what Kensho can do, and I cannot wait to see if we can unleash Kensho. We have had some first planning meetings around that as well. Kensho is definitely going to be a very interesting element to the merger and some of the upsides of the merger going forward. That's really useful. Thank you very much. I guess my follow-up question, we'll turn to the ESG business. I guess what I'm thinking about is, how do you see the evolution of your business, particularly with the Refinitiv survey asset that you have, in evolving that over time to become something more nimble and more flexible as opposed to just an annual survey? How you might be able to use that to really service and leverage that into servicing the corporate clients for their ESG needs over time? Perhaps you could talk about that opportunity. Yeah. This ESG is definitely one of the most exciting areas for us at the company. As you saw, we had $65 million of revenues last year, which had been growing at a 40% pace. When you bring the capabilities of IHS Markit together, we're going to have scores and time series workflow platforms. We're going to bring emissions data from IHS Markit. IHS Markit also has the fixed income indices, and they've got information about plastics and other sorts of metals that are used in batteries. Bringing these together are going to be something that are really new for us. Let me give you a couple examples. Just imagine if you were a chief sustainability officer. You mentioned the corporate clients. Corporate clients are increasingly, either through their treasurer or directly a sustainability officer, looking at how their own company is going to perform and what is their own individual approach to running their sustainability programs. We're going to have the tools to provide them a rating. They're going to have the CSA. We're going to have the ability to provide them with more data to have benchmark against other third parties. Then when you think about IHS Markit's ESG reporting repository, the carbon data that they bring, that it will allow them to have the workflow tools. We think that this is one of the areas that will actually allow us on our own and then together with IHS Markit, to be really building a very relevant, very powerful ESG model. One thing I would end with is that we just launched a new ESG website. I would recommend that everybody go look at it. You can immediately look for ESG scores of companies on it. It has tiles of all of the different capabilities that we have. This is something for us. You're going to see a lot of investment here, a lot of focus on ESG. It's one of the most exciting growth areas in the company. Great. Thanks very much. Thanks, Simon. Thank you. Our next question comes from George Tong from Goldman Sachs. You may ask your question. Hi. Thanks. Good morning. You expect global debt issuance to be up 3% in 2021. Can you elaborate on how you expect individual debt categories to perform, including investment grade, high yield loans, and structured? Sure, George. This is Doug. I'm not quite sure if I can give you all of those categories, but what we've looked at in 2020, as I mentioned earlier, it's about a 2.7 or let's say a little bit close to 3% decrease for the year. That includes financial services that we think will be up 3.5%, structured finance up 2.5%, offset by corporates, which would be down a little bit over 8%, and U.S. public finance down about 5%. We do see a lot of demand coming from the M&A area. We think that between SPACs and what we see there, the activity from SPACs and other general M&A, that pipeline is growing. Typically, a lot of that is more in the high yield area. In terms of high yield versus other types, I don't really have anything further on that. We do see that this year, there should be a very different mix than we've seen in prior years. Got it. That's helpful. Doug, it's been two months since you announced the merger with IHS Markit. What additional findings have you had on the strategic opportunity during the course of due diligence would you like to call out? There's a couple I would call out that are maybe beyond what we had originally thought. One of them is what I'd call private assets or being able to support the private equity industry. When we originally looked at this, we started looking at areas that were maybe a little bit more obvious in financial institutions and what we could do for debt capital markets, for corporate treasurers. One of the areas that I see a lot of upside is in what we call private markets, private equity. Think about how much longer assets are staying private before they go public, or the information that people would like to look at for their supply chain. When you put the two companies together, you have tools at IHS Markit, which for valuation, iVal and QVal. They've got portfolio monitoring tools, iLevel. As you heard me talk about earlier, we've been ingesting data from people like Preqin into our tools, then we've got the information from 451 Research, from Money Market Directories, our Market Intelligence platform. You put all these together, it's going to be a very complete set of services of workflow tools, valuation tools, reference data, fundamental data about corporations that we wouldn't have been able to do alone. That's one of the areas that I was quite excited about. I also mentioned what we'll be able to do with ESG. That's another area that's the upside I think there is higher than what I originally would have thought. Finally, when we look at energy transition, which sometimes I think of energy transition as part of ESG, but for climate change and the interest that this is generating, it's not always directly the same thing as ESG. This is another area that between what we've got in Market Intelligence and ratings, but add that in with what we have between Platts and the resources business at IHS Markit. There's going to be a lot of opportunities in new energy investments. All of the things that are involved in EV, which also will bring some of the capacities from the transportation business at IHS Markit. On energy transition, I think this is also another area that is well beyond what I probably originally contemplated. Very helpful. Thank you. Thanks, George. We will now take our final questions from Manav Patnaik with Barclays. You may ask your question. Good morning. Thanks for squeezing me in here, guys. Just to follow up on the ESG, I apologize if I missed this earlier, but the $65 million of revenues for the year, how do you break that down between your research and data and perhaps indices? And just some thoughts on the growth rates and the potential mix changes you anticipate as that portfolio evolves. Good morning, Manav. If you look at the $65 million, which is 47% over 2019, we're not really breaking it out for each of the divisions and initiatives. Directionally, how you should look at it is the Platts energy transition initiatives are a significant part of the revenues today. What we are seeing is particularly high growth of new initiatives, the ESG Scores, green evaluations, ESG Indices fees. Particularly all the new initiatives are growing very fast, and all of that together is driving this revenue growth up going forward. Doug has given you some of the statistics and data, for example, underneath some of the ETF AUMs that are using our ESG Indices. Overall, I think it's really across the board, but at the current macro level, I think Platts is a significant component of the overall revenues. Got it. That's helpful. Then, I guess just staying on Platts, mid-single-digit growth, I guess estimated for 2021. Platts has historically always been pretty resilient to what happens in the energy markets. The IHS asset has been much more sensitive. I was just curious how you guys look at 2021 and perhaps even beyond in terms of how that energy market fits into your strategy. Yeah, we are very encouraged about the opportunities to bring the resources business of IHS Markit and Platts together. I think it's very complementary. I think that will be a very large benefit for our customers, with Platts having particularly a focus on price reporting, as you know, and that is quite steady and stable. The resources business of IHS Markit that is going through a transition from more upstream to more downstream. The upstream business has seen some headwinds, might continue for a shorter period of time. Particularly downstream analytics is doing very well. The opportunities to bring that together and to look at the commercial opportunities for the combined company is actually very attractive. Think about what we can do with respect to metals and mining. Think about what we can do with respect to the analytics platforms, bringing that together for our customers. Think about what we can do with the data lake and Platts analytics growth by unlocking the value of the data of IHS Markit resources. We're actually very encouraged, and we think despite some of the structural changes in the industry, that we can help our customers, particularly also with energy transition. Thanks, Manav. All right. Thanks a lot. Thank you very much. I'd like to just provide a couple of closing comments. I want to thank everybody for joining our call this morning, and for all your questions and your support as always. As you saw, 2020 was a very strong year for us during difficult circumstances. We made a lot of significant progress along the way with areas that we've been investing in over the last few years. As you know, we had put in place investment programs, and we started seeing them pay off as we called it the year of the product launch. It has to do with our technology, our innovation, productivity programs we put in place. We're very proud about what we're doing in China and the progress and advances that we're making there. Our ESG program is starting to really take off, and we think we're very well-positioned. Our own internal environmental performance and social outreach and our own ESG approach, we think is something that's very important for our company. Of course, what is really most important for us this year is to continue to stay focused on the IHS Markit merger. We're so excited about that. We're always impressed with the people we meet, with the capabilities, with the products, with the reach that they have, and we think that that's going to allow us to have a very strong opportunity in 2021 and beyond. As I've said all along during last year and before, we could have never made this progress without our people, and the talented people that we have that are working very hard, especially in 2020 during uncertain and difficult circumstances. I want to thank all of our people again. Everyone's done a fantastic job. Thank you everyone for joining us again today, and we look forward to continuing to talk to you throughout the year. Thank you very much. That concludes this morning's call. A PDF version of the presenter's slides is available now for downloading from investor.spglobal.com. Replays of the entire call will be available in about two hours. The webcast with audio and slides will be maintained on S&P Global's website for one year. The audio-only telephone replay will be maintained for one month. On behalf of S&P Global, we thank you for participating and wish you a good day.