Good afternoon, and welcome to the Spero Therapeutics third quarter 2023 financial results conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Following the company's formal remarks, we will open the call for questions. Please be advised that this call is being recorded, and a replay will be available. You can find information on the replay and further information related to today's announcements on the Spero Therapeutics website at sperotherapeutics.com. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Ted Jenkins, Vice President, Investor Relations and Strategic Finance at Spero Therapeutics. Mr. Jenkins, please go ahead. Thank you, operator, and thank you all for participating in today's conference call. This afternoon, Spero Therapeutics released financial results and provided a pipeline update for the third quarter of 2023. Our press release is available on the investor page of the Spero Therapeutics website. Before we begin, I'd like to remind you that some of the information presented on this conference call contains forward-looking statements based on our current expectations, including statements about the future development and commercialization of tebipenem HBr, SPR720, SPR206, and the design, initiation, timing, progress, and results of the company's preclinical studies and clinical trials and its research and development programs. Management's assessment of the results of such preclinical studies and clinical trials, the company's cash forecast, and anticipates expenses and the sufficiency of its cash resources. Such forward-looking statements are not a guarantee of performance, and the company's actual results could differ materially from those contained in such statements. Several factors that could cause or contribute to such differences are described in detail in Spero Therapeutics' filings with the SEC, including in the Risk Factors section of our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, filed with the SEC today. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this conference call, November 13, 2023. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements or supply new information regarding the Company after the date of today's call. Participating in today's call are Sath Shukla, President and Chief Executive Officer; Dr. Kamal Hamed, our Chief Medical Officer; Steve DiPalma, our interim CFO and Treasurer, although not having a speaking part today, I would also like to welcome a special guest in attendance, Ms. Esther Rajavelu, Spero's new Chief Financial Officer and Chief Business Officer. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Spero's Chief Executive Officer, Sath Shukla. Please go ahead, Sath. Thanks, Ted, and I thank you all for joining us this afternoon. 2023 has been a year of progress and execution for Spero. There are a number of achievements across clinical, regulatory, and financial-related fronts. Each of our late-stage assets is moving forward. We have an experienced management team in place and a strong balance sheet, positioning us well to deliver on our mission to develop differentiated medicines for patients with rare orphan diseases and serious multidrug- resistant bacterial infections. Let me begin with tebipenem HBr, which we have partnered with GSK, and which we are developing as potentially the first oral carbapenem antibiotic for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, or cUTI. We were very pleased to announce on July 31st that we had received written agreement from the U.S. FDA under a special protocol assessment, or SPA, on the design and size of our planned phase III trial, PIVOT-PO. An SPA typically represents a very high level of concordance on the overall protocol design between the FDA and a sponsor. So we believe the regulatory aspect with respect to the design of the program has been de-risked substantially. Enrollment in PIVOT-PO, with the first patient's first visit, is expected to begin in the current quarter, and Kamal will touch on additional details in a few minutes. We also received a $30 million cash payment from GSK during the quarter in consideration for the qualification of an additional development milestone as per our GSK agreement. In addition to this payment, we are also eligible to receive the following additional milestone or royalty payments under our agreement. These comprise of up to $120 million in remaining development milestones, up to $150 million in potential commercial milestones based on first commercial sales, up to $225 million in potential sales-based milestones, and low single-digit to low double-digit tiered royalties if sales exceed $1 billion on net product sales of tebipenem HBr in all territories except Japan and certain other Asian countries. Overall, we are very excited by our partnership with GSK. In addition to progress on tebipenem HBr, we continue to move our other assets forward. The phase II-A proof- of- concept clinical trial for SPR720 continues patient enrollment and dosing, with 26 sites having been initiated. SPR206, our investigational next-generation polymyxin, continues to be on track for a phase II IND in this current quarter, funded by a grant and other non-dilutive funding. As a recap for the management changes that came into effect on August 1, which were described on our last quarterly call, I was proud to take on the role of the company's President and CEO on that date, and my predecessor and co-founder of Spero, Dr. Ankit Mahadevia, transitioned to become Chairman of the Board of Directors. The prior chairman, Dr. Milind Deshpande, has remained on the board as an independent director, and another board member, Dr. Patrick Vink, was appointed Lead Director. I would also like to highlight the recent appointment of Esther Rajavelu as Chief Financial Officer and Chief Business Officer, effective last week, November 6. Esther has a strong track record in corporate finance from both industry and Wall Street and brings expertise in growth strategy, investor relations, financing, and M&A. We are very excited to have her join the team, and I would like to formally welcome her to Spero. I also want to take this opportunity to thank Steve DiPalma, who has served as our Interim CFO and treasurer during our recent management transition. I would now like to hand the call over to Dr. Kamal Hamed, who will provide more details on the clinical programs. Thank you, Sath. Our immediate priority is to commence enrollment and dosing of patients in PIVOT-PO, our phase III study to evaluate oral tebipenem in adult patients with cUTI, including acute pyelonephritis. PIVOT-PO is a global randomized, double-blind, pivotal phase III clinical trial of oral tebipenem versus intravenous imipenem in hospitalized adult patients with cUTI, including acute pyelonephritis. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive tebipenem 600 milligrams orally every six hours or imipenem 500 milligrams intravenously every six hours, for a total of seven to 10 days. The primary efficacy endpoint will be overall response, which is a composite of clinical and microbiological response at the test-of-cure visit. The primary analysis for the trial will be an assessment of non-inferiority in the microbiological intention-to-treat population, based on a 10% non-inferiority margin. The trial is designed to enroll approximately 2,648 patients, with randomization stratified by age, baseline diagnosis i.e., cUTI or acute pyelonephritis, and the presence or absence of urinary tract instrumentation. This study is covered by an SPA agreement, which we announced in late July, as Sath mentioned. The FDA indicated that positive and persuasive results from PIVOT-PO, along with previously completed studies, could be sufficient to support approval of tebipenem as a treatment for cUTI, including pyelonephritis, for limited use indication. Again, enrollment is expected to begin soon, and we will make an announcement when we have enrolled and dosed the first patient. Turning now to our SPR720 program, which we hope will deliver the first novel, first-line oral treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, or NTM-PD. SPR720 is currently being evaluated in a phase II-A proof-of-concept trial. The primary endpoint is slope change in sputum bacterial burden from baseline. We believe that the positive result on this endpoint, together with supportive evidence from the trial's secondary endpoints, will enable us to move confidently into late-stage development. NTM-PD is a debilitating, rare, infectious lung disease, and the current standard of care is a prolonged combination regimen of drugs that have limited effectiveness and poor tolerability. Given these limitations, we believe SPR720 has the potential to address a clear unmet need and establish a new standard of care. The trial is expected to enroll up to 35 participants who are either treatment naive or treatment experienced but do not have treatment-refractory disease. We currently have 26 active sites that are screening and enrolling patients. We continue to actively engage with all study sites to ensure they have the necessary resources. We've also partnered with the lead NTM patient advocacy group, NTMir, as well as with a third-party CRO specialized in rare diseases to support study sites. We expect to announce top-line data from this study in the second half of 2024. We are currently engaged in many additional development activities needed to support SPR720's advancement into late-stage clinical studies. These activities include ongoing toxicology work, CMC initiatives, engagement with the FDA, and efforts to expand the SPR720 development program into Japan, where NTM-PD has a higher prevalence compared to other territories. There are also two phase I clinical studies underway. The first, to assess intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of SPR719, the active moiety of the prodrug SPR720, in a bronchoalveolar lavage, or BAL, study, and the second, to evaluate the effect on the pharmacokinetics of SPR720 when co-administered with azithromycin and ethambutol in healthy volunteers. We're also working to develop a relevant patient-reported outcomes instrument for NTM-PD which will lead to an increase in confidence that the primary efficacy endpoint within our future clinical studies will be in line with the FDA's published guidance on developing drugs for this indication. There was also a recent paper published on NTM-PD and the potential role of SPR720, which I would like to highlight. The lead author was Dr. Kevin Winthrop of Oregon Health and Science University, and it was published in the October 20 edition of Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. The article discusses the increasing prevalence of NTM-PD and how the management of this disease has been challenging. Today, only half of diagnosed patients begin therapy with the current guideline regimen, and only 18% or so are still able to maintain treatment after 12 months. The authors review the encouraging in vitro and preclinical data supporting SPR720, specifically SPR720's ability to demonstrate its activity against the main agents causing NTM-PD, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium abscessus. You can find a link to the publication in the earnings press release we issued today or in the Publications and Posters section of our corporate website. I would encourage those interested to read it. Finally, some brief comments on our SPR206 program. SPR206 is an investigational next-generation polymyxin antibiotic with the potential for an improved safety profile of reduced nephrotoxicity compared to currently available polymyxins, being developed to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. We are currently working to advance SPR206 into a phase II trial in patients with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. We remain on track to submit an IND application by year-end. With that, I'll turn the call over to Steve to review our quarterly financial results. Steve? Thank you, Kamal, and good evening to all of you joining us on the call. Spero is well capitalized, with a strong financial position of $93.8 million in cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2023. This includes the $30 million milestone we announced on our last earnings call, which has now been received as part of the tebipenem HBr license agreement with GSK. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund the company into the second half of 2025. We reported total third quarter revenues of $25.5 million, compared with revenues of $2 million in the third quarter of 2022, a $23.5 million increase compared to the prior year period. That was primarily a result of the $23.2 million of collaboration revenue related to the license agreement with GSK. Grant revenue was $2.1 million in the third quarter of 2023, compared to $0.9 million in the same period in 2022. Research and development expenses for the third quarter of 2023 were $16.4 million, compared with $7.4 million in research and development expenses for the same period in 2022. This $9 million year-over-year increase was primarily due to the higher direct costs related to the tebipenem HBr and SPR720 programs. These included increased clinical activity, activity related to our ongoing phase II-A trial of SPR720, as well as startup clinical activities and increased preclinical activities related to the planned phase III trial of tebipenem HBr. General and administrative expenses for the third quarter of 2023, of $5.7 million, were lower than the $6.6 million reported in the same period in 2022. This year-over-year decrease was primarily a result of decreased personnel-related costs, as well as lower facility and other related expenses, offset in part by an increase in professional and consulting fees. An impairment expense was incurred in the third quarter of 2023 as the company concluded that it no longer had need for the commercial manufacturing capacity for tebipenem HBr, provided under a service agreement with Savior Lifetec Corporation. An impairment expense of $5.3 million was recorded for the company fully impaired the long-term asset related to the Savior service agreement. Reported net loss for the third quarter of 2023 of $33.2 million, or $0.06 per basic and diluted share of common stock, compared to a net loss of $11.7 million, or $0.33 per basic and diluted share of common stock, reported for the same period in 2022. For further details on Spero's financials, including results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, I would refer you to Spero's quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC today. This completes today's formal comments from our Q3 report. I'd like to turn the call back to the operator if there are any questions from those on the line. Thank you. We will now be conducting a question-and-answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star two if you would like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star keys. One moment please, while we poll for questions. Thank you. Our first question comes from the line of Louise Chen with Cantor Fitzgerald. Please proceed with your question. Thank you for taking my questions here. Wanted to ask you a few. First, could you give us more color on the $120 million in development milestones from GSK as the phase III program progresses? Secondly, how are you thinking about peak sales potential of tebipenem? And then lastly, Esther, congratulations and welcome to the new role. Just curious how you think about things a little bit differently than prior management teams and what you're bringing to the company here. Thank you. So, Louise, this is Sath. I can take your first two questions. Esther won't be speaking today, but we can line up that question for you separately. For your first question of the $120 million in development milestones, the expectation is that they come in through the duration of the trial, and so, we expect those milestones over the next couple of years as we are planning on a target commercialization date with our GSK partners of 2026. We expect those development milestones to come in over the next two years to fully fund the trial. Did that answer your question, or was there anything that further that you wanted to know? Yes, that's good. And how does that happen? Is it based on certain milestones you hit in the trial or something like that, or it's just basically amortized through the course of the trial? So we should be able to give you some further clarity on that sometime soon, but the expectation is that it's not an expense reimbursement or a performance measure for the milestones. As the trial progresses, as it continues to progress, we expect to be able to qualify for and obtain those milestones. Okay, thank you. Moving to your second question about peak sales for tebipenem, I think we have always considered that tebipenem has the potential to reach blockbuster status because given the high prevalence of cUTI patients, you don't need very aggressive assumptions on expected penetration or pricing to see the value proposition for the oral carbapenem. So this is something where we expect the commercial and economic opportunity to be commensurate with these scientific improvements, and therefore, we have high hopes for commercial performance if and when the drug is approved. Thanks. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Boobalan Pachaiyappan with H.C. Wainwright & Co. Please proceed with your question. Hi, this is Boobalan. Thanks for taking my questions, and congrats on the progress. So a couple of us. So as you think about advancing 206 into phase II, can you discuss the regulatory path forward in the hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia indication? So, we wanted to know what the efficacy bar for success would look like. And in this indication, particularly, do you think you need to establish similar or better safety and efficacy related to standard of care, or is efficacy differentiation enough to drive the uptake? And more broadly, again, sorry, it's a long list of questions. How do you see 206 fitting into the competitive landscape in this indication? Sorry, Boobalan, could you repeat the last question one more time, please? You cut out. Yeah. The last question was, how do you see 206 fitting into the competitive landscape? Yeah, thanks, Boo, for the questions. In terms of indication, HABP/ VABP, I mean, this is an area of great unmet medical need, and this is what we are targeting as far as the indication. Other indications, such as complicated urinary tract infection, there's no medical need for a polymyxin derivative at this point in time. And certainly, when we talk about bacteremia, that's also a challenge because there's no indication that's approved, a bacteremia indication for Gram-negative infections. Therefore, the indication of hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia, ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, is the area of great unmet medical need and therefore makes great sense for us to pursue. In terms of differentiation, efficacy versus safety, clearly, we have to demonstrate efficacy there, but our expectation is that we would demonstrate a safety benefit. So, we expect to demonstrate safety superiority because SPR206 was specifically designed to reduce nephrotoxicity. So it's designed to reduce exposure in the kidneys and therefore, as a result, nephrotoxicity. Because it's been demonstrated that if you reduce cytotoxicity in the kidneys as well as exposure in the kidneys, this would result or be associated with reduced nephrotoxicity. And so, therefore, as a consequence, again, while we would be demonstrating efficacy, we do expect to see a benefit on the safety side, specifically with respect to nephrotoxicity. Now, in terms of the competitive landscape, as you know, there have been, you know, beta-lactam, beta-lactamase inhibitors that have been recently developed and are being used. But we also know from the field that there is emerging resistance to these beta-lactam, beta-lactamase inhibitors. And polymyxins are, can be used for treatment of very difficult to treat Gram-negative infections caused by Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas. And these polymyxins are highly toxic, and therefore, if you could substitute with a newer generation polymyxin that is, has, is, is, safer on the kidneys, then, then clearly there would be that need. But it, it is, again, hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia, ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia in the hospital. Can you discuss the regulatory path forward in this indication? Yeah, we haven't given that guidance yet, Boobalan. If you'll bear with us as we get through the IND, then of course, we plan to give out greater clarity on that path forward. And again, Boo, I mean, as we've disclosed, the IND is expected to be submitted by year-end, and with that, in that IND, the phase II IND enabling study will be clearly reviewed and discussed with FDA. And as Sat said, we will be disclosing more details as time goes along. Thanks for the clarity. Then if I can add one more. So with respect to the PIVOT-PO pivotal study, one of the exclusion criteria is creatinine clearance. I see that you're excluding patients with less than or equal to 30 mL/min. So can you discuss the thought process behind using this metric as an exclusion criterion? Thank you. Can you repeat the first part of that question, please? Yeah. So in the PIVOT-PO pivotal study, one of the exclusion criteria is creatinine clearance, CrCl, of less than or equal to 30 mL per minute. So I would like to understand the thought process behind using this metric as an exclusion criterion in this indication. Okay. So, I mean, we're excluding patients with severe renal impairment because for patients with mild or moderate renal impairment, we have a dose adjustment, and therefore, these patients will be allowed into the study, and we have a dosing scheme in terms of adjusting according to creatinine clearance, but not for creatinine clearance that's less than 30 mL/min. All right. Thank you so much for taking our questions. Thank you. That concludes our question- and- answer session. I will now turn the call back over to Mr. Shukla. Thank you, operator. Also, many thanks to all listening and for your participation today. Have a nice evening. This concludes today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.