Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the TransDigm first quarter earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there'll be a question and answer session. To ask a question during the session, you will need to press star then one on your telephone. Please be advised that today's call is being recorded. If you require additional assistance, you may press star then zero to reach an operator. I would like to hand the call over to Jaimie Stemen, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Thank you, and welcome to TransDigm's fiscal 2021 first quarter earnings conference call. Presenting on the call this morning are TransDigm's Executive Chairman, Nick Howley, President and Chief Executive Officer, Kevin Stein, and Chief Financial Officer, Mike Lisman. Please visit our website at transdigm.com to obtain a supplemental slide deck and call replay information. Before we begin, the company would like to remind you that statements made during this call, which are not historical in fact, are forward-looking statements. For further information about important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the company's latest filings with the SEC available through the investor section of our website or at sec.gov. The company would also like to advise you that during the course of the call, we will be referring to EBITDA, specifically EBITDA as defined, adjusted net income, and adjusted earnings per share, all of which are non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the tables and related footnotes in the earnings release for a presentation of the most directly comparable GAAP measures and applicable reconciliations. I will now turn the call over to Nick. Good morning. Thanks for calling in. As usual, I'll start with a quick overview of our consistent strategy, a few comments about the quarter, and then Kevin and Mike will expand and give more color. To reiterate, we are unique in the industry in both the consistency of our strategy in good and bad times, as well as our steady focus on intrinsic shareholder value creation through all phases of the cycle. To summarize, here are some of the reasons why we believe this. About 90% of our net sales are generated by proprietary products, and around three-quarters of our net sales come from products for which we believe we are the sole source provider. Most of our EBITDA comes from aftermarket revenues, which generally have significant higher margins, and over any extended period of time, have typically provided relative stability through the downturns. We follow a consistent long-term strategy. Specifically, we own and operate proprietary aerospace businesses with significant aftermarket content. Second, we utilize a simple, well-proven, value-based operating methodology. Third, we have a decentralized organization structure and a unique compensation system closely aligned with shareholders. Fourth, we acquire businesses that fit this strategy and where we see a clear path to a PE-like return. Lastly, our capital structure and allocations are a key part of our value creation methodology. As you saw from our earnings release, we had a decent Q1 considering the environment, but we're still in a very tough commercial aerospace market. Our longstanding goal is to give our shareholders private equity-like returns with the liquidity of a public market. To do this, we stay focused on both the details of value creation as well as careful allocation of our capital. The commercial aftermarket revenue, typically the largest and most profitable portion of our business, dropped sharply in the second half of fiscal year 2020, as we expected, following the steep decline in air travel due to COVID. Sharp drops have happened during other severe shocks, though not to this magnitude and likely duration. At this point, there are some indications that Q3 of our fiscal year 2020 was the bottom. To the positive, we saw significant sequential increases in commercial aftermarket bookings in our fiscal year Q1, but the stalling of the air travel recovery concerns us with regards to timing. Our commercial aftermarket simply will recover as more people worldwide fly again, though not necessarily in lockstep. This is starting to happen slowly and somewhat erratically, but the timing of the recovery is still not clear. In addition to safety, the two most important items we continue to focus on are the things we can, to some degree, control. One, we are tightly managing our costs. Our revenues were down significantly in fiscal year 2021 Q1 versus the prior year Q1, but our costs are down about the same. The mixed impact of low commercial aftermarket revenues continues to impact our margins, but we have been able to mitigate part of this impact. Secondly, assuring liquidity. We raised an additional $1.5 billion at the beginning of our third quarter of fiscal year 2020. The money raised was an insurance policy for these uncertain times. It now seems unlikely that we will need it. We continued to generate cash in Q1 of 2021. We generated about $275 million positive cash flow from operations, and closed the quarter with almost $5 billion of cash. This is prior to the acquisition that we made in January. Absence of large additional dislocation or shutdown, we should come out of this with substantial firepower. The M&A and capital markets are always difficult to predict, but especially so in these uncertain times. In general, on capital allocation, we still tend to lean towards caution, but we feel better now than we did six months ago for sure. M&A activity in this last quarter was more active. As I'm sure you saw, we made a good size acquisition after the quarter end. We bought the Cobham Aero Connectivity business, which is an antenna and radio business, for a purchase price of $965 million. I must admit, it does feel good to play some offense again. This is a good proprietary sole source business with high aftermarket content. We also like the customer diversity. As usual, we expect to get a PE-like return on this transaction. Though we are not giving overall guidance for TransDigm, for the little less than nine months that we will own the Cobham business in fiscal 2021, we expect it to contribute roughly $160 million in revenue, with EBITDA as defined margins running in the 25%-35% range. The revenue is impacted somewhat by the historical calendar year versus fiscal year shipment timing. We paid for the Cobham business with cash on hand. But for the tax impacts, much of this will drop right through to earnings. We also sold two small non-proprietary former Esterline businesses that did not fit our model for about $30 million so far in 2021. The total revenues for these businesses in fiscal year 2020 were roughly $35 million, and EBITDA was in the 10% revenue range. We continue to investigate the sale of a few other less proprietary defense businesses that don't fit as well with our consistent long-term strategy. At this point, it's too soon to know when or if we will sell these businesses. We still don't have sufficient clarity to give 2021 guidance. When the smoke clears enough for us to feel more confidence, we'll reinstate the guidance. In general, we are planning to keep tight control on expenses and hold our organization roughly flat until we see more clear signs of a pickup. We believe we are about as well positioned as we can be for right now. We'll watch the market develop and react accordingly. Let me hand it over to Kevin to review our recent performance and give more information on Q1 and other thoughts. Thanks, Nick. Today, I'll first provide my regular review of results by key market and profitability of the business for the quarter. I'll also comment on fiscal 2021 outlook and some COVID-19 related topics. Our Q1 fiscal 2021 was another challenging quarter, considering the continued slowdown across the commercial aerospace industry in a difficult global economy. In Q1, we continued to see a significant unfavorable impact on the business from the pandemic as demand for travel has remained depressed. Despite these headwinds, I am pleased that we were able to achieve a Q1 EBITDA as defined margin approaching 43%, which was a sequential improvement from our Q4 EBITDA as defined margin. We will review our revenues by market category. For the remainder of the call, I will provide color commentary on a pro forma basis compared to the prior year period in 2020. That is assuming we own the same mix of businesses in both periods. In the commercial market, which typically makes up close to 65% of our revenue, we split our discussion into OEM and aftermarket. Our total commercial OEM market revenue declined approximately 40% in Q1 when compared with Q1 of the prior year period. The pandemic has caused a significant negative impact on the commercial OEM market. We are under the assumption that demand for our commercial OEM products will continue to be reduced throughout fiscal 2021 due to reductions in OEM production rates and airlines deferring or canceling new aircraft orders. Longer term, the impact of COVID-19 is fluid and continues to evolve, but we anticipate negative impacts on our commercial OEM end market for some uncertain period of time. On a positive note, Q1 demonstrated significant sequential bookings improvement compared to Q4, which is likely an indicator of OEM de-stocking slowing. It is encouraging that the MAX has been recertified in multiple countries and added back to route schedules, although the near-term impact to our business will likely be minimal given the low build rates. Moving on to our commercial aftermarket business discussion. Total commercial aftermarket revenues declined by approximately 49% in Q1 when compared with Q1 of the prior year period. In the quarter, the decline in the commercial transport aftermarket was primarily driven by decreased demand in the passenger and interior sub-markets. There was also a decline in the commercial transport freight market, but at a less impactful rate. On a positive note, the total commercial aftermarket revenues increased sequentially by approximately 5% when comparing the current quarter to Q4 fiscal 2020. This increase was driven by the commercial transport aftermarket. Our quarterly commercial aftermarket bookings were down in line with observed flight traffic declines resulting from decrease in air travel demand and uncertainty surrounding COVID. Q1 also demonstrated significant sequential bookings improvement compared to Q4, and the bookings in Q1 modestly outpaced sales. This is likely the result of destocking slowing at the airlines. To touch on a few key points of consideration, global revenue passenger miles are still at unprecedented lows, though off the bottom, as a result of the pandemic. IATA's most recent forecast expects the final reported revenue passenger miles for calendar year 2020 to be 66% below 2019, and that calendar year 2021 average traffic levels will be about 50% of pre-COVID crisis levels. Cargo demand was weaker prior to COVID-19 crisis, as FTKs have declined from an all-time high in 2017. However, a loss of passenger belly cargo due to flight restrictions and reduced passenger demand has helped cargo operations to be impacted to a lesser extent by COVID-19 than commercial travel. Business jet utilization data was pointing to stagnant growth before the current disruption. Now, during the pandemic and in the aftermath, the outlook for business jets remains unpredictable, as business jet flights were rebounding, but due to personal and leisure travel as opposed to business travel. However, now we face the typical slower winter season, and the sustainability of this trend is especially difficult to foresee. Although the longer-term impacts of the pandemic are hard to predict, we continue to believe the commercial aftermarket will recover as long as air traffic continues to improve. The recent approval and rollout of several vaccines will greatly aid in this recovery. We believe there is a global pent-up demand for travel, and in due time, passengers across the globe will return, and flight activity will increase. Historically, personal travel has accounted for the largest percentage of revenue passenger miles, and forecasts still seem to indicate a pickup in personal travel in the back half of this calendar year, followed later by business travel. We are hopeful this will be the case. For now, the timing of the recovery is uncertain, and in the meantime, we will continue to make the necessary business decisions and remain focused on our value drivers. Now let me speak about our defense market, which traditionally are at or below 35% of our total revenue. The defense market, which includes both OEM and aftermarket revenues, grew by approximately 1% in Q1 when compared with the prior year period. Defense bookings declined slightly in the quarter, driven primarily by a modest decline in defense aftermarket bookings. As we have said many times, defense sales and bookings can be lumpy. We continue to expect our defense business to expand throughout the year due to the strength of our current order book. Moving to profitability, I'm going to talk primarily about our operating performance for EBITDA as defined. EBITDA as defined of about $474 million for Q1 was down 30% versus prior Q1. EBITDA as defined margin in the quarter was just under 43%. I am pleased that amid a disrupted commercial aerospace industry, and in spite of the mixed impact of low commercial aftermarket sales, we were able to expand our EBITDA as defined margin by approximately 40 basis points sequentially. This result was made possible by our cost mitigation efforts and a consistent focus on our operating strategy. Moving to our outlook for 2021. As Nick previously mentioned, we are not in a position to issue formal fiscal 2021 sales, EBITDA as defined and net income guidance at this time. We will look to reinstitute guidance when there is less uncertainty, and we have a clearer picture of the future. We, like most aero suppliers, remain hopeful that we will realize a more meaningful return of activity towards the second half of the calendar year. This will be driven by increased vaccination availability and an initial recovery in personal and vacation travel. For now, we are encouraged by the recovery in commercial OEM and aftermarket bookings in the first quarter. As for the defense market, as we said on the Q4 earnings call, we expect defense revenue growth in the low double-digit to mid-double-digit percent range for fiscal 2021 versus prior year. Additionally, given the continued uncertainty in the commercial market channels and consistent with our commentary on the Q4 earnings call, we are not providing an expected dollar range for EBITDA as defined for the 2021 fiscal year. We assume a steady increase in commercial aftermarket revenue going forward and expect full year fiscal 2021 EBITDA margin roughly in the area of 44%, which could be higher or lower based on the rate of commercial aftermarket recovery. This includes Cobham Aero Connectivity, which should have limited dilutive effects to our EBITDA margin. Barring any other substantial disruptions of the commercial aerospace industry, recovery, we anticipate EBITDA margins will continue to move up throughout the year, with this fiscal Q1 being the lowest. Mike will provide details on other fiscal 2021 financial assumptions and updates. Additionally, I would like to touch on our environmental, social, and governance initiatives or ESG initiative. 2020 was a year of progress for our ESG program, though we are still in the beginning of our ESG journey. Ongoing conversations with our stakeholders have been an integral part of building and evolving our ESG efforts. As a leader in the aerospace industry, we recognize we need to extend our industry leadership to ESG initiatives as well. These initiatives are a priority, and we are dedicated to continuous improvement as we move forward on our ESG journey. More information regarding our ESG initiatives can be found within our recently published 2020 stakeholder report that is posted on the TransDigm homepage. Let me conclude by stating that although Q1 of fiscal 2021 continued to be significantly impacted by the pandemic's disruption of the commercial aerospace industry, I am pleased with the company's performance in this challenging time and with our commitment to drive value for our stakeholders. We have a strong tenured management team that is always ready to act quickly and as necessary. The team is focused on controlling what we can control while also monitoring the ongoing developments in the commercial aerospace industry and ensuring that we are ready to respond to demand as it comes back. I am confident that as a result of our swift cost mitigation efforts and focus on our operating strategy, the company will emerge more strongly from the ongoing weakness in our primary commercial end markets. We look forward to the remainder of 2021 and expect that our consistent strategy will continue to provide the value you have come to expect from us. With that, I would now like to turn it over to our Chief Financial Officer, Mike Lisman. Morning, everyone. I'm going to quickly hit on a few additional financial matters. You can see all of the detail on revenue, EBITDA, adjusted EPS in the press release and call slides for today, so I'm not going to rehash that in detail. For the quarter, organic growth was negative 24%, driven by the commercial end market declines that Kevin mentioned. A quick note on taxes. The lower-than-expected GAAP tax rate for the quarter was driven by significant tax benefits arising from equity compensation deductions. This is just timing. Barring some deviations in the rates in this first quarter, our tax rate expectation for the full year is unchanged. That is, we still anticipate our GAAP cash and adjusted tax rates to all be in the 18%-22% range. Moving to cash and liquidity, we had a nice quarter on free cash flow. Free cash flow, which we traditionally define at TransDigm as EBITDA as defined, less cash interest payments, CapEx, and cash taxes, was roughly $200 million. We saw an additional $70 million plus come out of our net working capital, driven by accounts receivable collections. We ended the quarter with $4.9 billion of cash, up from $4.7 billion of cash at the end of last quarter. Note that this was prior to the acquisition of the Cobham Aero Connectivity business, the majority of which closed on January 5th. There's one remaining piece of that acquisition, a Finland facility representing 2% of the purchase price that's going through regulatory approvals now and should close soon. Pro forma for the closing of this acquisition, our Q1 net debt to EBITDA ratio was a shade higher than 7.5x. Assuming air travel remains depressed, this ratio will continue ticking up through the end of Q2 of our fiscal 2021, when the last remaining pre-COVID quarter rolls out of the LTM EBITDA computation. Beyond Q2 of fiscal 2021, the ratio should stabilize with the potential for improvement should our commercial end markets start to rebound. From an overall cash liquidity and balance sheet standpoint, we think we remain in good position and well prepared to withstand the currently depressed commercial environment for quite some time. With that, I'll turn it back to the operator to kick off the Q&A. As a reminder, to ask a question, you may press star, then one. If your question has been answered and you'd like to remove yourself from the queue, press the pound key. Our first question comes from Noah Poponak with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open. Hi, good morning, everyone. Good morning. Morning. Nick, early in the downturn, you framed the business with very limited visibility into the end market and top line. You framed the business in terms of how you were planning from the cost side. You spoke to what you assumed for each end market to therefore plan costs. I was wondering if, at this point, in lieu of official guidance and given the still limited visibility, is it possible to speak to how you're planning the cost side vis-a-vis the pace of end market recovery on the aerospace side? Noah, because we don't want to give guidance, I don't want to end up giving it piece by piece by the markets. Yeah. I think for the cost, essentially, what we expect here is that we basically will hold our costs tight and about flat. That's going to move one way or the other if we're wrong on the volume. I'd be hopeful that we are, and it gets better rather than worse, and we go in the other direction. I think that's about as much as I want to say. Okay. The truth is, we're just unclear on the rate of recovery. Yeah. I wasn't sure if you'd answer that question or not, but you had taken a shot at it on the way down, and it proved reasonably accurate. I thought I would check. The sequential increase in bookings in the aftermarket, can you quantify how much that picked up? It was like 76%, and the OEM was up 88%. A significant uptick, and like I said, book-to-bill slightly ahead, modest over-shipment. We had a nice quarter on the commercial aftermarket side, and I think that's encouraging, as is the OEM side, to see such a snapback in bookings. I guess that's off very easy compares. Do you happen to know how far from the pre-pandemic level that order rate is? Yeah. It's about half, right? Yeah. It's still about half. Okay. It's about half of what it is. As I said in my comments, our Q1 bookings were in line with the fall in flight activity. Okay. Right. We essentially were under booking, and now we're kind of caught up. Yeah. It kind of went to nothing, and now it's matched up with revenue. That's right. Yeah. Just last one quickly, the Cobham business. I know you gave that margin range there, what were the actual last margins right before you bought it? Is this a business that you can get to the TransDigm consolidated margin? Yeah. We didn't disclose the actual margins before we bought it, but we just gave you some kind of range. Okay. The range, of course, is because we're only very short into the ownership, and the exact speed of which things change, we can't exactly calibrate yet. Can it get up to the TransDigm margins? We didn't model it that way. To get our return, it does not have to get that high. We'll see. We'll see over time. It's a good, solid, proprietary kind of aftermarket business- Yeah. ...kind of TransDigm margins to get the return. That's not how we model, though we hope to model conservatively, as you know. Right. Okay. Thanks so much. Our next question comes from Carter Copeland with Melius Research. Your line is open. Hey, good morning, everyone. Roll tide, Kevin. That's right. I'll be quick here. Just two, a short little clarification, then one, you just give us some color. On the interiors weaker piece in the aftermarket, can you give us a sense of just how much weaker that was? I assume it would be meaningfully weaker, just given that that's where you get a lot more of the discretionary sort of stuff there. Any color there would be helpful. Then just with respect to the sales that are going to distribution, if you've seen any difference in customer behavior, buying patterns, anything of that to know, just within that customer sub-segment. Thank you. Sure. On the interior side, I think, what we are seeing is just as you said, in general, a slowdown. That's the last place people are looking to do work. Recently we've seen a nice uptick in activity. It still is the lowest performing sector of the aftermarket business. On disti sales, I have not seen, nor have I heard of any difference in ordering or any difference in behavior by the customer base. Okay. Just to be clear on the interior piece, are we talking the whole thing's down 50 in the aftermarket? Are we talking down 80, 90, or is it that magnitude, or am I being too harsh? It's not that far. It's just slightly worse than the rest of our business. It's not off so dramatically. Okay. All right. Thanks. I'll let somebody else ask. I guess, Kevin, that's offset some in the other direction by the freight business. Yes. Our next question comes from Myles Walton with UBS. Great. Thanks. Good morning. I just had a question on your incentive changes that you had to do, obviously, given the backdrop of how quickly the financials changed and wanting to align to performance. You moved to an EBITDA percentage as well as an absolute basis, and I know that historically we can track sort of a 10%-17.5% IRR is your target. But I'm struggling. Could you maybe fill in the blanks on what the EBITDA percent margin range might look like? Is 44% at the midpoint, the low end, or the high end of that performance metric? Yeah. I don't think we want to go into too many specifics on the margin target. Obviously, the 44% is what we gave you all, so it's what we feel pretty good about for the year, and that's what we're, as you've been through the proxy details, it sounds like, Myles, that's what we're comped against here for this year, given the challenging industry circumstances. Okay. I might add- So maybe- we would expect- Yeah Myles, assuming the world stabilizes, we would expect at the end of 2021 to reset on the same kind of value creation parameters that we historically have had. Yeah. Things got so disrupted that it was very hard to do that right now. Okay. No, that makes sense. Kevin, could you just maybe unpack the aero aftermarket? What was cargo down? Remind me how much cargo is of your transport aftermarket at this point. Of your air transporter world? 10%-15%, we've said. All of the sub-markets are 10%-15%, except the cargo. Yeah, the freight has performed the best of any of the aftermarket segments. It's still down, but it's much closer to neutral performance. Okay. All right. Great. Thanks. I'll leave it there. Our next question comes from Ken Herbert with Canaccord. Your line is open. Yeah. Hi, good morning. Good morning. Is it appropriate, Kevin, to think about your 5% sequential improvement in the commercial aftermarket bookings to continue through the next few quarters? When do we see that kind of sequential improvement in sales? Yeah, I don't know if the 5% is going to continue and when that will translate to sales. Remember, we can put bookings in 18- 24 months into the future, so this can be over a period of time. It's certainly a positive trend. Exactly how it translates to revenue, we'll have to see. Okay. If I run out sort of a mid-single digit sequential improvement in sales for the next few quarters, and maybe that's ambitious, but it implies as you anniversary the easier comps in your third quarter, maybe 15%, 20%, 25% growth in that range. I know you're obviously not giving guidance, but can you talk about the kind of opportunity you expect in the second half of the year as you start to anniversary the much easier comps, and how much of a whipsaw effect, so to speak, could you expect to see? Yeah, I haven't looked at it in that way. What we've said and what we will continue to communicate is that we're expecting things to be somewhat flat up a little in the first half and some modest improvement in the second half linked to vaccinations and travel activity. That's all that we've communicated and said on it, and I think that hangs with what we're saying, a small increase in the second half. That remains to be seen if that happens. Got it. We are hopeful that we see a pickup in personal travel. Many people forecast a substantial pickup. Yeah. That's right. We're just reticent to forecast that now because frankly, it's been delayed a little from what we would've hoped for. Yeah. That's right. I guess on that point, just one final question. In the first quarter, the calendar fourth quarter, did you see relative to your fiscal fourth quarter, sort of any green shoots? Obviously the bookings were up, but was there anything that you could point to as sort of tangible evidence of obviously what we hope to be a recovery in the second half of the year? The only green shoots I have are the bookings activity, sequential bookings activity that we've commented on. That's the only green shoots I can comment on that I've seen. Perfect. All right. Thank you very much. Our next question comes from Robert Spingarn with Credit Suisse. Your line is open. Hi, good morning. I think I might end up beating the dead horse a little bit here, but just on this topic, Kevin or Nick, can we identify whether or not Q2 commercial aftermarket is up or flat with Q1? Is that something you can see at this point, fiscal Q2? No, that's not something yet we can see. Okay. Going back to what you just said to Ken, really all you're saying is at least in the second half, you have enough hope, I guess it is, to see some drivers for higher relative aftermarket second half versus first if we get some recovery. Yeah, that's right. If we get some recovery. We have to follow people flying, as Nick and I both said, and as I've read all of your analyst reports as well, this all depends on whether people are flying, and that's still unknown. That's all I'd add, Rob, to that is, I don't think it's a very complicated formula here. As more people start to fly, we'll start to sell more stuff into the aftermarket. Probably won't be lockstep, but until then, it's just speculative. Do you have any better insight into what's in the channel at this point, now that we're about almost a year into this thing? We don't really, except for the small amount of our commercial aftermarket now, it's 20%-ish that goes through distribution partners. I can't see what's in the rest of the inventory levels of the rest of the aftermarket- Okay. ...there was an uptick, and that means either there was destocking slowed or consumption increased. Probably a little bit of both is true. Okay. It's hard to think that the consumption could be up as much as the bookings. That's right. No chance. Yeah. No chance of that. Okay. Mike, I just had a quick one for you, just major moving cash flow pieces for this year. Anything we should focus on? No. Nothing significant other than what we already discussed before. The interest expense changed slightly because of the refi we did. It's from prior guidance down to $1.07 billion. No other major cash flow items. Okay. Thank you. Changes. Our next question comes from Greg Konrad with Jefferies. Your line is open. Good morning. Good morning. I'm going to not ask about the aftermarket, but just to switch to the OE. You mentioned expected reduced commercial OE through fiscal year 2021. When you think about what you're seeing on bookings, some of the destocking cadence, and also some step down in wide-body rates, is there another step down for OE, or are you pretty in line with build rates? Well, I think we're probably in line with build rates. We're probably conservative to build rates in the way we look at the business. I feel good. We're looking at a significant uptick in orders from Q4 to Q1 in commercial OEM. That's encouraging. Just, I think this was at least the second quarter in a row on defense, the OE side is leading aftermarket. Is that a trend that you expect to continue? Are there headwinds in aftermarket, or does that eventually reverse? Yeah. In the defense, every time I think I understand what's going to happen, I'm surprised. It's very lumpy. It's hard to predict. There are many influencers in what gets spent on the defense side. I don't know. I know we have a strong order book as we go forward, and we know that defense orders and shipments can be lumpy. We still feel pretty comfortable- Yes. ...with the original guidance. Yeah, of low double-digit to mid-single digits. Yes. Thank you. Our next question comes from David Strauss with Barclays. Your line is open. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. Good morning. Morning. Mike, wanted to follow up on that cash flow question. I guess, your initial cash guidance, you were going to consume a fair amount of working capital this year. Obviously, in Q1, it was a benefit. Was this just timing, you expect it to reverse, and we're still looking at your around 40% conversion on adjusted EBITDA for a free cash flow for the full year? The 40% is unchanged. We did better this quarter on working capital than I thought we would. Our internal models didn't have $75 million of additional cash coming out of, or $85 million, coming out of accounts receivable. The teams at the op units drove collections, and they've been tough. The DSO days are down into the low 50s for us. Usually, it's high 50s. They've done a good job of driving the collections, and that's really what drove the positive source of working capital this quarter. You'll see on the accounts receivable, about $400 million has come out of that from where we were 12 months ago, rough justice. As we said on the last call, as the recovery starts, and then depending on the pace at which it continues, roughly that amount of cash is going to have to go back into the accounts receivable, but it'll probably be, based on your forecast of a couple year recovery, it's going to take a couple years to go back in. Got it. Okay. As we look out over the next couple of years, would you expect net working capital as a percent of sales to settle back out where we were pre-pandemic, or has anything structurally changed on working capital, and maybe it's a little bit better? No structural changes. In the fullness of time, once we come out to and get all the way out of the recovery, we wouldn't expect the percentage of sales for net working capital to have changed from what we used to be at, in the low 30%s, 30% area. Okay. I guess, Mike, saying it another way, the one that moves quickly is receivables. I don't know if there's any reason to think the industry will pay any faster or slower as time goes on. Yeah. That's right. No structural changes. Yeah. Okay. I think, the Cobham acquisition, you noted a tax benefit as part of the deal. Can you tell us what exactly that is and how much of the purchase price it accounted for? Yeah. We got a sizable tax benefit, depending on what discount rate you use, somewhere between $40 million-$65 million. That obviously is included. We paid for that in the $965 million that we bought, it reduces that tax structure that arises from the deal will basically reduce the annual cash expenditures for taxes on the Cobham business. It's roughly $40 million-$60 million of NPV the way we sized it. Spread over. Spread over about 10 years. Okay. That's the NPV of it? Yes. Okay. Got it. Thanks very much. Our next question comes from Peter Arment with Baird. Your line is open. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. Nick, it sounded encouraging with the back on offense on M&A, and Cobham seems like a good deal. Could you maybe just talk a little bit about approaching commercial, more commercial aerospace deals in this environment, what you need to see to kind of enter the waters there on that front? Yeah. We obviously would be interested. If it meets our model and our returns, but the fact is you got to deal with what you see, and we're still not seeing a lot of commercial deals. It's depressed, the commercial. People aren't selling, or most people aren't selling commercial aerospace businesses right now if they can help it. Okay. I'll leave it at one. Thanks. Thanks, Nick. Yep. Our next question comes from Robert Stallard with Vertical Research. Your line is open. Thanks so much. Good morning. Morning. Nick or Kevin, probably. On the Cobham Aero business, can you give us an idea of what percentage of sales are, let's say, defense versus aerospace, to give me your sort of pro forma pre-pandemic? That would be helpful. Thanks. It's predominantly a defense- Yeah. ...business, as we've said before in the press release. We did not disclose an exact percentage for it, but it's predominantly defense with some select commercial applications as well for those products. Significant international defense. Significant international defense. About close to 60% of the revenue goes international. Okay. Given that international percentage, is that saying that you're selling on what you might call commercial terms, so you'll be able to rebase the aftermarket, like on other acquisitions? Yeah, I don't think we want to comment too much. Yeah, we're in the early days of owning it. Very early stage. just sorting through and getting more familiar with the business. hard to make any statement about ways you'll be able to price it yet. Okay. Just finally, on the sequential improvement in the OEM bookings, can you give us some idea if there was any specific programs that that's related to? It was nicely across the board. There really weren't any large one-time items in there. It's not linked to the A320 rate increase or anything like that? No. No. Okay. Thanks so much. Our next question comes from Kristine Liwag with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open. Hi. Good morning, guys. Good morning. Morning. With all the focus on COVID recovery, I wanted to switch topics and ask about Esterline. Looking back in the transaction, can you give us an idea in terms of where you are in the cost takeout that you've done with Esterline, and then also where else we could go from here? In addition to that, with your 44% margin outlook for the year, how much incremental cost takeout is embedded in that outlook? On Esterline, the first part of the question again, repeat that. Oh, sorry. Yeah. For Esterline, just give us an update in terms of what you've accomplished with cost takeout with that business? Yeah/ Versus what you have initially. Okay. On cost takeouts, I think we've made progress, obviously, on cost takeout. Our cost takeout continues. As we've communicated in prior quarters, some of our reductions and then COVID reductions have come out in time. I think that business has more than lived up to the model and expectations that we had going in. I think that headcount reductions and those kinds of cost management activities might be somewhat reduced or over for Esterline, and now it's continuous improvement activities that will drive productivity as we go forward. I think we initially communicated that Esterline may struggle to get to TransDigm margins right out of the chute, and that maybe in the longer fullness of time, it would get closer. We still believe that, and it still has been a fantastic acquisition for the company. Great. For the second part of the question, which is more on your margin outlook for the year, that 44% EBITDA margin expectation, how much incremental cost takeout is embedded in that outlook? Nothing significantly more. We continue to manage costs, and we continue to look at this as we go forward, and there will be some continued cost takeout because of timing with unions and European businesses. As we're all aware, you still get them done, but it takes a little bit longer, so there is still some gradual takeout. I think as Nick said earlier, we're looking at level costs with some uptick in activity in the second half. I think it's safe to say that the sort of extraordinary step-down stuff we did for COVID is about behind us. It's about behind. About behind us, and then we'll see. We'll see what happens to the revenue. Great. Thank you, guys. Our next question comes from Hunter Keay with Wolfe Research. Thanks. Good morning, everybody. Morning. A couple for me. Kevin, can you give us a little more color on the uptick in interiors? What's driving that? As you think about the interiors market specifically over the next few years, what do you think about the ability to drive some innovation? Maybe some things you guys have done in the past for maybe new priorities for your airline customers around the world. What are you guys working on? Uptick in interiors, I may have miscommunicated that. We did not see an uptick in interiors. Interiors is our lowest performing part of the commercial aftermarket. Trying to give you a little color, it seemed like things were, in some of our interiors businesses, were starting to do a little bit better, but it still is the worst performer, I guess, of our commercial aftermarket submarkets. Okay. Yeah. What are we looking at new and unusual for the future? We've talked about some of these in the past. Materials, antiviral materials are important for flooring, seat surrounds, and the like. We also have a host of touch-free options for bathrooms and overhead bins, as well as antiviral webbing for our seatbelts. There's some real interest and activity. We'll see if any of it's booked into orders. Yeah, there's more activity in interiors and from regions of the world that we usually don't see activity from, that now are focusing on improving their interiors. This will be a long march for the interior side, as it is the most discretionary of our business. Okay. You mentioned that on biz jets were being used for more personal and leisure travel. Is there an embedded comment in there on pricing, or is that just sort of an observation that you're making? No, it's just an observation. Okay. If we want to see growth in business jet usage, takeoff, and landings, I think business travel's going to have to eventually get involved. I don't think the world can afford to just do leisure travel and drive the same level of activity. It's just that, eventually we're going to have to see business travel take off. Right. Okay. Thank you. Our next question comes from Pete Skibitski with Alembic Global. Your line is open. Hey, good morning, guys. Good morning. Just one question back on the defense side, just kind of on the structure of your defense business. I'm wondering if you have any thoughts with regard to if we see some big budget shifts in the defense budget, maybe away from Army, towards Navy, towards Air Force or Space, how would you expect that to impact your business, positive or negative? Just was interested in your thoughts. Well, I think the scenario you just predicted of from Army to Air Force and Navy and Space, those are all good for us. As we move to more technology, more drones, more remote observation monitoring, that's all good for us. We are heavily engaged in those platforms, and our products are really focused on that technology side of the aerospace world. Okay, great. Thank you. Sure. Our next question comes from Seth Seifman with JP Morgan. Your line is open. Thanks very much. Morning, guys. Morning. One thing just kind of conceptually that I've kind of wondered if we think about coming out of the downside of the pandemic and a situation where demand starts to run fairly hot on the other side. When you guys are sole source, as you are in a lot of your portfolio, and demand is really strong, are you under a certain obligation to provide parts? Or, if there are shortages, there are shortages, and that's it? Yeah, if there's shortages, there are shortages. We take it personally if we can't ship a part. That's why we focus so much on our fill rates and on-time delivery and quality of our products so that we're so responsive. Right, there's no contractual obligation at all? No. No. Right. Okay. That's what I wanted to make sure. Well, there's the whole range of defense rules. They are what they are. I guess I should say there are some contractual items with Boeing that we have to have certain delivery performance, now that I'm thinking about it. It's not a huge limitation or assignment across the business. I think it's safe to say that we have very adequate capacity and competitive. Yeah. Historically, we've never had an issue with a capacity step-up when we needed it, particularly in the aftermarket. Yeah, that's right. Right. Okay, cool. Just as far as the outlook for the back half of the year, I know IATA was out with a release last week, really highlighting what they pointed to as a fair amount of downside to their traffic forecast for 2021. You guys are running three months ahead of calendar 2021 in your fiscal year. If we saw a situation where for the entire year, ASKs were only up, I don't know, 10%-20% or something like that, would that cause you guys to have to work a little harder, maybe dig in a little bit more on the cost side to get to the 44%? I guess I don't know is the answer. We will always dig in on the cost side. That may be the case. I'd have to think about it some more. All right. Okay. Then final one, just on the Cobham deal, the margin target that you gave. Is that before the application of the value drivers? Yes. Yes. That's about what we'd expect to see this year. Yeah. As we sit here today, we can't exactly sort of crank in the timing of improvements and the like in the first six or nine months. All right. Cool. Thanks very much. Our next question comes from Michael Ciarmoli with Truist Securities. Your line is open. Hey, good morning, guys. Thanks for taking the questions here. Morning. Nick or Kevin, I'm trying to get a sense how big of a component is wide body versus narrow body? Could you parse out maybe what you're seeing on the booking side there? I guess I'm getting at, do we need to see a real material in international travel for your aftermarket revenues to sort of, I don't want to say get back to prior peak, but I'm just thinking about the weakness we're seeing in international, in the wide bodies and the sense that the wide body fleet is now much younger, so under warranty. Any color you can give us there or maybe parse out the bookings or how that might play into the recovery? We've said in the past, and it continues to hold today, that we're market weighted. There isn't a lot of wide body activity. We're market weighted in our activity levels. It's clear wide body is slower. I do not have granularity of orders to be able to say, are we seeing more wide body work or not? It's true, to get back to prior to COVID levels, we will need a strong international performance. That is an important part of RPMs and activity on the wide body side. I've been very encouraged by the rate of activity that we have today on what is really just a narrow body market today. We've performed very well in that. Again, it gives me the reassurance that we are market weighted, and that is the way you should look at wide body versus narrow body. It's a smaller- Got it. portion of the business, of the larger- Got it. aerospace business. Got it. Just thinking, second half, even the recovery on your margins, I'm assuming you have your own OE forecast. We all have our OE forecasts. You're obviously, as the aftermarket recovers here, you're mixing more in favor of your higher margin business. Should we think that your EBITDA margins have the potential to sort of recover to those pre-pandemic 46%, 47% levels faster if the OE stays depressed and you get this aftermarket snapback, just given that margin differential? I think it's possible, but I certainly don't know. I hate speculating on the future on that. We'll have to see the way the mix comes in. I mean, it's simply a relative rate of change calculation. If one changes faster than the other, it could move one way or another. Got it. Thanks, guys. There are no further questions. I'd like to turn the call back over to Jaimie Stemen for any closing remarks. Thank you all for joining today's call. This concludes today's call. We will be available to address your follow-up questions throughout the day. Thanks again for joining. Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.