Thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Q3 2025 TransDigm Group Incorporated Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question- and- answer session. To ask a question during this session, you will need to press star one one on your telephone. You will then hear an automated message advising you your hand is raised. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your first speaker, Jaimie Stemen, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, ma'am. Thank you, and welcome to TransDigm Group Fiscal 2025 Third Quarter Earnings Conference Call. Presenting on the call this morning are TransDigm's President and Chief Executive Officer, Kevin Stein, Co-Chief Operating Officer, Mike Lisman, and Chief Financial Officer, Sarah Wynne. Also present for the call today is our Co-Chief Operating Officer, Joel Reiss. Please visit our website at transdigm.com to obtain a supplemental slide deck and call replay information. Before we begin, the company would like to remind you that statements made during this call, which are not historical in fact, are forward-looking statements. For further information about important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements, please refer to the company's latest filings with the SEC available through the Investor section of our website or at sec.gov The company would also like to advise you that during the course of the call, we will be referring to EBITDA, specifically EBITDA as defined, adjusted net income, and adjusted earnings per share, all of which are non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the tables and related footnotes in the earnings release for a presentation of the most directly comparable GAAP measures and applicable reconciliation. I will now turn the call over to Kevin. Good morning. Thanks for calling in today. First, I'll start off with the usual quick overview of our strategy, a few comments about the quarter, and discuss our fiscal 2025 outlook. Then Mike and Sarah will give additional color on the quarter. Before we get into the business of today, as I am nearing my retirement date of September 30, I wanted to briefly reiterate what a privilege it has been to serve as CEO of TransDigm Group Incorporated over these past 7+ years. TransDigm is an exceptional company, and it has been incredibly rewarding to witness its growth and the value it has created for shareholders. Mike is ready to take the helm as TransDigm 's CEO, and I am confident the company will be in excellent hands under his leadership. Mike will do an outstanding job and continue delivering the kind of value that has long defined TransDigm 's success. Additionally, I will remain an advisor to TransDigm to aid in any transition topics. Now moving on to the business of today. To reiterate, we believe we are unique in the industry in both the consistency of our strategy in both good times and bad, as well as our steady focus on intrinsic shareholder value creation through all phases of the aerospace cycle. To summarize, here are some of the reasons why we believe this. About 90% of our net sales are generated by unique proprietary products. Most of our EBITDA comes from aftermarket revenues, which generally have significantly higher margins and, over any extended period, have typically provided relative stability in the downturns. We follow a consistent long-term strategy, specifically. First, we own and operate proprietary aerospace businesses with significant aftermarket content. Second, we utilize a simple, well-proven, value-based operating methodology. Third, we have a decentralized organizational structure and unique compensation system closely aligned with shareholders. Fourth, we acquire businesses that fit this strategy and where we see a clear path to private equity-like returns. Lastly, our capital structure and allocation are a key part of our value creation methodology. Our longstanding goal is to give our shareholders private equity-like returns with the liquidity of a public market. To do this, we stay focused on both the details of value creation as well as careful allocation of our capital. As you saw from our first earnings release, we had a decent Q3. During the quarter, we saw healthy growth in the revenues for both our commercial aftermarket and defense market channels. Commercial OEM revenues were down this quarter compared to prior year, which Mike will discuss further in his market segment commentary. Suffice it to say, OEM revenue was a limiter for our quarterly performance, but this is only transitory and a lingering effect of the Boeing strike and continued rate ramp challenges at Airbus. Commercial aerospace market trends remain favorable. Air traffic continues to steadily progress, and airline schedules remain fairly stable. In the commercial OEM market, there is still much progress to be made for OEM rates, and our results continue to be adversely affected by OEM performance. Airline demand for new aircraft remains high, and the OEMs have long backlogs. OEMs are working to increase aircraft production to meet this demand. However, Boeing aircraft production rates continue to lag pre-pandemic levels, and Airbus has also encountered difficulties in ramping up production. Our EBITDA as defined margin was 54.4% in the quarter. Contributing to the strong Q3 margin is the continued growth in our commercial aftermarket, along with diligent focus on our operating strategy, which is allowing margin performance to expand across all segments. Additionally, we had strong operating cash flow generation in Q3 of over $630 million, and we ended the quarter with a cash balance of almost $2.8 billion. We expect to continue generating additional cash in our final quarter of fiscal 2025. Moving to our outlook for fiscal 2025, as noted in our earnings release, we are decreasing our full fiscal year 2025 sales guidance and increasing our EBITDA as defined guidance to reflect our third quarter results and our current expectations for the remainder of the year. This guidance now incorporates the recently acquired Servotronics business. At the midpoint, sales guidance was lowered $60 million, and EBITDA as defined guidance was raised $40 million. The sales guidance reduction is driven primarily by lower commercial OEM build rates versus our expectations and inventory destocking, which Mike will further discuss later on. The guidance assumes no additional acquisitions or divestitures and is based on current expectations for continued performance in our primary commercial end markets throughout the remainder of fiscal 2025. Our current guidance for fiscal 2025 is as follows and can be found also on slide six in the presentation. Note that the pending acquisition of Siemens Precision is excluded from this guidance until the acquisition closes. The midpoint of our fiscal 2025 revenue guidance is now $8.79 billion, or up approximately 11% over prior year. In regards to the market channel growth rate assumptions that this revenue guidance is based on, for the commercial OEM market, we are updating the full year growth rate assumptions as a result of lower than expected third quarter results and current expectations for the remainder of the year. For commercial OEM, we now expect revenue growth in the flat to low single-digit percentage range. This is a decrease from our previous guidance of low single-digit to mid-single-digit percentage range. We are not updating the full year market channel growth rate assumptions for commercial aftermarket and defense as underlying market fundamentals have not meaningfully changed. Commercial aftermarket and defense revenue guidance is still based on our previously issued market channel growth rate assumptions. We expect commercial aftermarket revenue growth in the high single-digit to low double-digit percentage range and defense revenue growth in the high single-digit to low double-digit percentage range. The midpoint of fiscal 2025 EBITDA as defined guidance is $4.725 billion, or up approximately 13%, with an expected margin of around 53.8%. This guidance includes about an additional 70 basis points of margin dilution from recent acquisitions compared to fiscal year 2024. The midpoint of adjusted EPS is expected to be $36.74, or up approximately 8%. Sarah will discuss in more detail shortly the factors impacting EPS, along with some other fiscal 2025 financial assumptions and updates. We believe we are as well positioned for the last quarter of fiscal 2025. We continue to closely watch how the aerospace and capital markets continue to develop and react accordingly. Lastly, I want to express how pleased I am with our team's ability to successfully navigate the challenges of uneven demand in our commercial OEM market and deliver a healthy EBITDA as defined margin. We continue to stay focused on our core value drivers, maintaining an efficient cost structure and delivering operational excellence. Now let me hand it over to Mike Lisman, our TransDigm Group Co-COO and CEO-elect, to review our recent performance and a few other items. Good morning, everyone. First, I'll start with an update on our capital allocation activities and priorities. In the past few months, we've signed up two M&A transactions, Servotronics and Siemens Precision. On July 1st, we closed the acquisition of Servotronics for approximately $138 million in cash. Servotronics is a designer and manufacturer of servo valves for aerospace and defense applications. On June 30, we agreed to acquire the Siemens Precision business from RTX Corporation for approximately $765 million in cash. Siemens Precision is a designer and manufacturer of fuel and proximity sensing and structural health monitoring solutions for the aerospace and defense end markets. The business is expected to generate approximately $350 million in revenue for the 2025 calendar year. Both Servotronics and Siemens Precision fit quite well with our existing portfolio of businesses. Regarding the current M&A activities in the pipeline, we continue to actively look for opportunities that fit our model. As usual, the potential targets are mostly in the small and mid-size range. We'll remain disciplined around our approach to M&A. The capital allocation priorities at TransDigm are unchanged. Our first priority is to reinvest in our businesses. Second, do accretive, disciplined M&A. Third, return capital to our shareholders via buybacks or dividends. The fourth option, paying down debt, seems unlikely at this time, though we do still take this into consideration. As always, we continue to closely monitor the credit markets and will be assessing opportunities to utilize leverage for general corporate purposes, which may include potential future acquisitions, share repurchases, and dividends. Now moving on to our typical review of results by key market category. For the remainder of the call, I'll provide commentary on a pro forma basis compared to the prior year period in 2024. That is, assuming we own the same mix of businesses in both periods. In the commercial market, which typically makes up close to 65% of our revenue, we will split our discussion into OEM and aftermarket. Our total commercial OEM revenue was down 7% in Q3 compared with the prior year period. On a sequential basis, total commercial OEM revenues were about flat compared to Q2. In comparison to what was expected 10 months ago at the start of our 2025 fiscal year, the commercial OEM revenue performance in our third quarter was significantly softer. With regard to what is ultimately driving this performance, quite simply, the production rates at the OEMs are not as high as we'd expected. In the year-to-date period, rates have been negatively impacted by the strike at Boeing and production rate challenges at Airbus. This has reduced our commercial OEM shipments and hit our third quarter particularly hard as customers realigned, backlogged, and destocked. The impact on shipments should be temporary. There are clear signs that the negative year-over-year commercial OEM revenue trends will turn positive in time, and this is evidenced in our commercial OEM bookings results for the third quarter. Whereas revenue declined, bookings in the quarter were up compared to the same prior year period. Specifically, commercial transport bookings growth approached the double digits on a percent basis. During the quarter, there was some softness in our biz jet and helicopter submarkets, but this is primarily timing driven. The booking levels for OEM commercial transport show that the market is recovering from the various disruptions seen over the past year. This recovery could be a bit bumpy and uneven on a quarterly sales basis if the OEMs right-size inventory loads. With regard to the broader commercial OEM production environment, at this time, supply chains remain the primary bottleneck in the OEM production ramp-up. We remain encouraged by the recent progress on the 737 MAX production line, and our operating units are well positioned to support the higher production rates as they occur. Now moving on to our commercial aftermarket business discussion. Total commercial aftermarket revenue increased by approximately 6% compared with the prior year period. This quarter, all submarkets within commercial aftermarket continued to experience positive growth. The growth across the four submarkets was varied. Freight and interior were each stronger than the total commercial aftermarket 6% growth rate, whereas the passenger and biz jet submarkets performed slightly below the overall commercial aftermarket rate of growth. Within our passenger segment, operating units with higher engine content posted very solid growth, well in excess of those with not engine content, and also considerably ahead of the 6% overall growth rate in our commercial aftermarket revenue. POS and our distributors grew in the double digits on a percentage basis this quarter. For the full year, as you saw in today's guidance, our outlook for commercial aftermarket growth of high single-digit to low double-digit percentage growth is unchanged. A final comment pertaining to our longer-term commercial aftermarket performance over the last four years. As we look back at our historical aftermarket growth coming out of COVID, we rebounded more quickly than we had expected in the earlier part of the recovery and then saw things moderate a bit as the recovery completed in 2024 through to today. When we analyze this full time period, the last four years, that is, we sit today about where we should be on a volume basis given current global flight activity. Now shifting to our defense market, which traditionally is at or below 35% of our total revenue. The defense market revenue, which includes both OEM and aftermarket revenues, grew by approximately 13% compared with the prior year period. Q3 defense revenue growth was well distributed across our businesses and customer base. Additionally, we saw similar rates of growth in both the OEM and aftermarket components of our total defense market, with OEM running slightly ahead of aftermarket. Defense bookings for the quarter were healthy compared to the prior year and continue to support our unchanged 2025 defense guidance of high single-digit to low double-digit revenue growth. Additionally, this quarter, we saw continued growth in U.S. government defense spend outlays, though the rate of growth has moderated a bit. As we've said many times before, defense sales and bookings can be lumpy. We know the bookings and sales will come, but forecasting them with accuracy and precision, especially on a quarterly basis, is difficult. Lastly, as always, our management teams remain committed to our consistent operating strategy and successfully closing out the 2025 fiscal year. Now, a few quick organizational updates. I'm happy to announce that Patrick Murphy will become our next Co-COO. He has been with TransDigm for over 10 years and will make a great partner for Joel Reiss, who will be continuing as our other Co-COO. Most recently, Patrick served as a TransDigm Executive Vice President for six years with direct oversight of several operating units. Additionally, he has overseen the integrations of our acquisitions of DART and the CPI businesses. Prior to becoming an Executive Vice President, Patrick was President of our HarcoSemco operating unit. He's a proven executive and a strong cultural fit. We're happy to have filled such an important position with an internally developed leader, and we continue to see our succession planning at work. I'm confident Patrick will continue running our operating units well and driving value creation across the organization. With Patrick's promotion to Co-COO, we have promoted Dave Wilmot to an Executive Vice President role. Dave is an accomplished business leader. For the past three years, he served as the President of our Adel Wiggins operating unit. As an EVP, Dave will be responsible for overseeing six of TransDigm's operating units. Both Patrick and Dave start in their new roles effective today. Additionally, I'm pleased to announce that Arman Vadid has been promoted to General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer of TransDigm. He has effectively been on the team for the last 15 years, both as our VP of Global Public Sector and before that, as outside counsel and partner at a DC law firm. Finally, and most importantly, as you know, this is Kevin's last earnings call. I have no doubt that he will miss these calls dearly in his retirement, and you can't see it, but he's actually tearing up here in Cleveland. I'm kidding, that was a joke, but now speaking seriously, I want to take a moment to thank Kevin for his exceptional leadership as our CEO. It's been a privilege to work for and learn from him over the last 10+ years here, and I know that our entire team shares this sentiment. Under Kevin's guidance, TransDigm has created significant shareholder value, and the team here has had a lot of fun in the process. We wish Kevin all the best in his well-earned retirement. Our transition is on track, and I look forward to stepping into the CEO role on October 1st. I'm excited to continue driving the private equity-like returns our shareholders have come to expect from TransDigm. With that, I'd like to turn it over to our CFO, Sarah Wynne. Thanks, Mike, and good morning, everyone. I'll recap the financial highlights for the third quarter and then provide some more information on the current guidance. First, on organic growth and liquidity. In the third quarter, our organic growth rate was 6.3%, driven by our commercial aftermarket and defense market channels, as Kevin and Mike have just discussed. On cash and liquidity, free cash flow, which we traditionally define as EBITDA less cash interest payments, CapEx, and cash taxes, was about $715 million for the quarter, coming in at about $1.9 billion on a year-to-date basis. For the full fiscal year, our free cash flow guidance is unchanged. We continue to expect to generate free cash flow of approximately $2.3 billion in fiscal 2025. Below that free cash flow line, an investment in net working capital consumed about $100 million for the quarter due to higher AR for our third quarter shipments and higher inventory planning for the fourth quarter. For the full year, we expect working capital to end roughly in line with historical levels as a percentage of sales. We ended the quarter with approximately $2.8 billion of cash on the balance sheet, and our net debt to EBITDA ratio was 4.9x, down from 5.1x at the end of last quarter, with approximately $800 million of the cash balance reserved for the anticipated closing of the Siemens Precision acquisition. We are comfortable operating in the 5- 7 net debt/EBITDA ratio range. While we are currently sitting on the lower end of this range, our go-forward strategy of capital deployment has not changed, and we continue to seek opportunities for providing value to our shareholders through our leverage strategy. Our EBITDA to interest expense coverage ratio ended the quarter at 3.3x, which provides us with comfortable cushions versus our target range of 2- 3. During the quarter, we refinanced our earliest maturity debt instrument, the approximately $2.7 billion senior subordinated notes, to extend the maturity date from 2027 to 2033. This financing activity pushes out our nearest term maturity date to August 2028. Our capital allocation strategy is always to both proactively and prudently manage our debt maturity stack. We remain approximately 75% hedged on our total $25 billion gross debt balance through our fiscal 2027. This is achieved through a combination of fixed-rate notes, interest rate caps, swaps, and collars. This provides us plenty of protection, at least in the immediate term. On a go-forward basis, we expect to continue to both proactively and prudently manage our debt maturity stacks, which for us means pushing out any near-term maturities well in advance of the final maturity date. With regard to guidance, as Kevin mentioned, we increased our midpoint EBITDA while lowering sales, reflecting the market segment changes discussed by Kevin and Mike. Adjusted EPS midpoint is now forecasted to be $36.74. We believe we remain in a good position from an overall cash, liquidity, and balance sheet standpoint, with adequate flexibility to pursue M&A or continue to return cash to our shareholders via dividends or share repurchases. With that, I'll turn it back to the operator to kick off the Q&A. Thank you. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star one one on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star one one again. One moment while we compile our Q&A roster. Our first question is going to come from the line of David Strauss with Barclays. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Great. Thank you, and congrats, Kevin, and best of luck in whatever comes next. I just wanted to ask about the aftermarket in the quarter and going forward. I think you had talked about over in Paris that the aftermarket was progressing pretty well. I don't know if you saw maybe a drop-off in the last couple of weeks of the quarter that you weren't anticipating. That's the first question. The second question, you talked about the aftermarket basically being where you would expect it to be based on where flight hours are today. If you look at your aftermarket growth relative to your peers over the last, call it a year, year and a half, you trailed by a fair amount. Would you expect to get back to an industry kind of average growth rate on the aftermarket going forward? Thanks. Hey, Dave, it's Mike. I'll take this one. Our commercial aftermarket growth is really not all that different from what we expected at the start of the year. I think we said coming out of COVID that the growth rate in commercial aftermarket would moderate. If you take the guidance for the year, which is for growth of high single-digit to low double-digit, then consider takeoffs and landings growth of what's being seen of about 3 4%, we're about where we should be in terms of growth given the product mix we have. We're sitting nicely above the pre-COVID volume levels overall in the commercial aftermarket, quite a bit above the pre-COVID volume levels. I think, as you know, you mentioned the peers. We weighed a bit less toward engine than some of our peers. Engine for us was very strong this quarter as well, into the double digits on a percentage basis. We just weighed a bit less there than some of the peer group that I'm sure you follow. As we always say on commercial aftermarket with regard to the specific results for this quarter, it could be a bit lumpy from time to time on a quarterly basis. The guidance for the year is still high single digits to low double digits. As we sit here today, we feel really good about hitting that. And Mike. With regard to where it should go. Go ahead. Go ahead. Go ahead. Sorry, go ahead. With regard to where we'll go for next year, you know, we'll give the guidance on a November call as we always do. We don't want to get, we're going through the planning process right now with our operating units. We'll do that on the November call as we always do. Okay. Mike, with having a little bit less engine exposure, despite that, would you expect to kind of recouple on the aftermarket relative to your peers, or do you think that continues to kind of weigh on your aftermarket growth going forward relative to your peers? It's hard to say based on where the engine stuff goes in the next 6, 9, 12 months. We obviously know where the flight should go given current economic conditions, and we expect continued growth from commercial aftermarket going forward. I don't want to get into specifics just on how it will compare to the peers because we don't have that level of forecasting accuracy and precision. We're not quite that smart. Okay, thanks a lot. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question is going to come from the line of Noah Poponak with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning, everyone. Morning. Congrats on the promotions and Kevin on your career, and thanks for all the time you spent with us. Absolutely. I guess just following, staying on aftermarket, reiterating the full year high single to low double implies that the fourth quarter growth rate is a significant acceleration versus the first nine months of the year. Do you have visibility into that, or was that more just, you know, there's only one quarter left in the year, and you just kind of didn't want to move everything, and the new revenue falls in the old range? On the original equipment side, I guess, you know, should we expect this to kind of snap back at some point because you'll have to link up to the actual production rates, which you're under at the moment, plus you'll have these very easy compares such that the growth rate should be quite high in 2026? Yeah, so I'll take the aftermarket first one. No, I think in the year-to-date period, as you can see in the slides, we're up about 10% year-to-date through the third quarter. We saw something a bit in Q3 at 6% that's lower than what we saw in the first two quarters of the year. We are sitting right in the middle of the guidance range, and as we sit here today, we feel good about the high single-digit to low double-digit percentage range. Aftermarket, as you know, commercial aftermarket for us, it's pretty high on the book and ship. You don't get a ton of forecasting visibility because a lot of it ships out in the same quarter. As we sit here today, based on what we're seeing, we feel good about the guidance for the year, especially in light of what's been achieved year-to-date of up 10%. Second, on the commercial OEM point and the destocking that Kevin and I mentioned in the prepared comments, this should be temporary, short-lived. We don't expect the big prolonged headwind here. You can see that in the guidance for today, which implies in commercial OEM that Q4 returns to positive growth. I think in terms of what drives this, we just have some customers who built up a bit of inventory, placed some orders with us, which we honored and shipped, obviously. Those were running a bit ahead of the rates where Boeing and Airbus were. As you said, we are approaching and lapping some easier comps coming up. This should be transitory, temporary, with a return to growth coming up. Do you have visibility into the length of inventory that's still in the channel, or is it too hard to see and count that? Not great visibility because of how our customers, a lot of them are, you know, we're not shipping in the majority of instances directly to Boeing and Airbus. It goes through a sub-tier, so you don't get great visibility the whole way through the channel, and some of the customers can realign backlog. We don't expect a material headwind here going forward. Okay, thank you. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question is going to come from the line of Myles Walton with Wolf Research. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Thanks. Good morning, and best wishes, Kevin, in retirement. Mike, on the aftermarket, was there a sequential decline? It's unusual, I think, for your third quarter to see that. What are the distributor point of sales trends looking like? Yeah, the distributor POS, I'll take that one first, outpaced the commercial aftermarket growth rate. We were up in the double digits on a percentage basis. That tracks a bit ahead, has been tracking a bit ahead. We weighed a bit more towards engine through there, but it was above the 6% we posted for commercial aftermarket overall. In terms of the sequential trend for commercial aftermarket, it was about flat Q2- Q3. Okay. Okay. Maybe on just a longer-term comment you made about the last four years, if you tracked it relative to volume and flight activities about where you'd end up, did you in any way adjust that for the age of the aircraft that are obviously older now proportionally and out of warranty more proportionally, or is that just a volume-by-volume basis? That's volume-for-volume basis. We don't splice and dice it quite that closely. The fleets obviously weighted up a year and a half or so in terms of age, but we didn't adjust for that. Okay. All right. Thanks again. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question is going to come from the line of Sheila Kahyaoglu with Jefferies. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Good morning, guys. Congratulations back into all the promotions, and Kevin, thank you for a great career. Maybe if I could follow up on the questions on OE and aftermarket once again. On OE, the destocking, was it across both narrow bodies and wide bodies, and does it just clear up next quarter as Boeing's deliveries and production more closely align to each other? Is that all as simple as it is? If you look at where the rates are currently at both Boeing and Airbus versus where they expect them to be at the start of the year, it is across both narrow bodies and wide bodies at the OEM. I think in terms of what likely translated back to us through the channel, it was a bit of both as well on that front. Like we said, this should be something that's transitory. We expect a return, as you can see from what's implied by the guidance today, a return to positive growth in Q4. Got it. Maybe if you could talk, I think you mentioned freight and interiors are ahead on the aftermarket side. Can you give a little bit of color there? Is it just interiors lapping easy comps, and any thoughts on freight and cargo activity given tariffs? Sure. Freight was up nicely for us into the double digits on a percentage basis, nicely ahead of where CPK growth has been in kind of the low single digits. That's good to see. The interiors business was up in excess of freight well into the double digits, which was good to see as well. That's been the one subsegment for us of commercial aftermarket where it lends itself a bit more probably towards discretionary spend. Some of the airlines now have been taking on a bit more of the interior refurb work. We've seen a nice uptick there on the interior side. Great, thank you. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question is going to come from the line of Ronald Epstein with Bank of America. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hey, thanks, guys. Yeah, Kevin, you'll be missed. Congrats and stay in touch. On the quarter, can we kind of, we've peeled back the onion a lot on the aftermarket stuff, but how about your own supply chain? What are you seeing there? Is that flowing better? Are there any bottlenecks there? I have one quick follow-up after that. I'd say on the supply chain, it continues to get better, not quite back to maybe how things were humming if you rewinded the clock all the way back seven years to 2018, 2019. Not quite that good, but a heck of a lot better than we were 12 months ago, 24 months ago, and continues to get better. The common pain points are the ones I'm sure you hear about from a lot of the folks you cover. Castings still are an issue. Certain electronic components are as well, but it all continues to get better and has over the course of this year. Got it. This is sort of a tricky one to answer, but I'll try to frame it in a way. Depending on how long the St. Louis strike is, how much exposure do you have there? If this one ends up being 60 days, like the one in Seattle, is that at all a headwind for you guys? Is it just nothing? How should we think about that? It is a headwind, albeit a lot smaller than you would expect from like a Boeing strike on the commercial OEM side, just given our defense OEM exposure. You guys know the splits within that defense bucket, rough justice between aftermarket and OEM, and then what Boeing comprises, assuming we're something like market weighted. It is a headwind. There's no denying that, but a much, much smaller one than the Boeing Seattle area strike was. Got it. If it just ends up being, I don't know, two or three weeks, it's even less so, right? I mean, just an obvious statement. Is there like a cutoff where it's like, "Huh, it's gone long enough since like we should all worry about it," or I don't know. You know what I mean? It's hard to say on the impact on this fiscal year. We'll see how long it goes. Obviously, we're hoping for a quick resolution here just so it doesn't disrupt any supply chains too much. Got it. All right. Thank you very much. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question will come from the line of Scott Mikus with Melius Research. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Congrats, Kevin. Good morning. Mike, Kevin, Sarah, quick question on M&A. You talked about the higher engine-content operating units having better growth. Just given that the legacy engines are flying longer than expected and the expected future growth on both the LEAP and GTF, do you maybe prioritize engine content when it comes to M&A? I think so. We can only swing at the pitches that are thrown to us, as we've said many times before. You know, all things being equal, maybe if you had two side-by-side, engine would look better, but you don't get that opportunity necessarily. You guys know how we target the M&A stuff: 20% IRR, focus on components, same as it's always been. You don't necessarily get to grocery shop and pick the exact type of components you want off the shelf. We can only swing at the pitches that are thrown. Okay. This seems kind of like a crazy question to ask, but we're seeing publicly traded aftermarket companies trading at EV to EBITDA multiples in the mid 20s, sometimes above 30. Your stock's now trading in the low 20s. Is selling assets and buying back your own stock on the table? I think we're very happy to own all the businesses we own. We've got 52 great operating units, look forward to making it 53. You know, I don't want to comment too much just on other valuations of other companies. That's your guys' job, I think. Okay, thanks for taking the question. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Gautam Khanna with TD Cowen. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Yes, thanks. Congrats, Mike and Kevin, and to all those that were given new roles. I was wondering if inside the OE numbers, is there anything you can speak to where if you could categorize certain products that are being destocked more heavily than others, is there any thread to that that explains it? On the aftermarket side, also wondering within passenger, where the pockets of relative weakness are greatest, and if you're seeing any change in customer buying behavior. Thanks. I'll take the OEM one first. We don't get great data by product on the OEM side in terms of where the destocks are coming from. I'd say it's generally just pretty consistent across the group. It wasn't disproportionately weighted to any one product area or any select group of operating units more so than any others. On the aftermarket side, I would say it was a similar answer. We don't get great geographic data through our distribution partners or even from our own operating units all the time, just in terms of geographic splits. It was generally a little bit of pullback across the group, with the exception being obviously engine, which nicely outpaced the rest of our groups. Interiors were up as well. Where we saw a bit of underperformance was on that non-engine passenger segment, as I mentioned in my commentary. The growth, that's the biggest bucket within commercial aftermarket. That's where the growth was a little bit more muted this quarter. Again, nothing that we, as we look out here and forecast through the balance of the year, nothing that we see persisting for too, too long. Thank you. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Ken Herbert with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Yeah, hey, congratulations, Kevin and Mike again. Maybe just to pivot over to the defense business, Mike, can you provide any more color on bookings that you saw? You called out specifically sort of better growth on the OEM side, but what are you seeing in bookings in the OEM business and on your short cycle defense aftermarket piece? Maybe that lagged a little bit, but how did that look as well in the quarter? Defense bookings were very strong. We look at all the bookings. We don't ever look at just one quarter because you can get lumpiness across all the end markets. Year-to-date, defense bookings are up really nicely, well in excess of the shipments, which obviously indicates pretty good growth for our next fiscal year. I'd say it's pretty broadly, evenly distributed across our operating units. We've seen growth across the group. A couple of units stand out in particular, but generally pretty evenly distributed. Really nice growth on the defense side. On the shorter cycle aftermarket, is there anything on defense in particular in this maybe third quarter as it relates to second quarter, or any areas where you maybe saw better growth on that piece? No, nothing really stood out in particular on the defense aftermarket side. It can be a bit noisy. As we mentioned, the outlays, I think this quarter from U.S. DOD slowed a little bit. It was kind of high single digits area to something like in the low single digits area. That takes a while to trickle through. Sometimes it's just noise. No standout performers on the defense aftermarket side. Pretty broadly distributed again, just like the OEM. Great. Thanks, Mike. Sure. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Kristine Liwag with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hey, everyone. Kevin, congrats on your well-deserved retirement and congrats to everyone's promotions. I guess, you know, you've really built an operating business that's an envy of all in the industry, especially with your record margins. Can you give us an update regarding the competitive landscape? There had been previously attempts from the OEMs to kind of create second sourcing for some of your products. How successful has that been? Also, historically, you've been fairly defensive versus PMAs. Any sort of update on what you're seeing in that landscape would be really helpful. Thanks. That's Mike, Kristine. I'll take that one. I would say we've not really seen any material changes here on the OEM side or the PMA side from second sources. At the operating unit level, this is something our teams are always tracking, the FAA database and other things, just to make sure we're not losing share. In the aggregate, we haven't seen any material headwind. I think on the PMA side, the reason that is, is as we've said before, generally, we just got slightly lower price points for most of our products. Some of them are consumable, not all of them, but many of them are. That just lends itself to, I think, less PMA competition. From time to time, something might pop up, really not anything material at the TransDigm level. Similar story on the OEM second sourcing side. We're always monitoring it like crazy. We have our op units. We tell them they should be paranoid about this. We don't want to lose volume ever, aftermarket or OEM. Super helpful color. Maybe following up on Siemens, I mean, being able to buy this from RTX, can you talk a little bit more color regarding the bidding process? When you look at the big OEMs, a lot of them have really rolled up these assets in the past 20 years. Do you see more opportunities on picking off pieces of portfolio like that? Ultimately, I mean, the decision to sell a fairly sizable business to you, TransDigm, when historically there's been a less favorable narrative on your business model from the customer side. How do we square the circle here? I mean, very surprised. By the way, congratulations on that deal. Should we see more of this? How did that all play out? Sorry, a lot of questions there, but any color would be helpful. We're very happy to have signed up the acquisition of Siemens Precision and partnered work with RTX Corporation on the carve-out of the bit of Siemens Precision from RTX. I can't comment too much specifically on the auction process. We don't get that many details with regard to how the process played out. We're excited and happy to have won it. We look forward to getting the acquisition closed. We're working towards making that happen as quickly as we can. With regard to your broader comments about whether or not there could be more carve-outs of this type from businesses across the supply landscape in the A&D world, it's always hard to say and forecast what happens there. If there's anything I think we've realized in the last couple of years, just from covering the space, the landscape is always shifting. There are folks who might be breaking up or spinning off divisions from time to time, and that creates opportunities for us as we just sit and try to deploy capital and buy more things. I don't think that dynamic's going to end. That probably will continue for a couple of years to come. You probably, I'm sure you guys see that yourselves when you just think about some of the assets and businesses that have sold in the last couple of years. It's always shifting. Great. Thank you very much. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from the line of Scott Duchelle with Deutsche Bank. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hey, good morning. Mike, just to follow up on David's earlier question, the aftermarket growth has been softer than other airframe peers like Collins and Honeywell over the last six quarters or so. I understand the point on not having the same growth as the engine companies, but again, it's also underpacing the airframe companies. Is there anything unique to TransDigm's portfolio you can point to that's driving that, or would you just say, "Hey, this is natural lumpiness that's going to run its course and will recouple even with those that are airframe? I think it's lumpiness. When you go back over the last four years coming out of COVID and just look at where we rallied and how we rallied and grew, we outgrew the peer group in the first early quarters coming out of the COVID rebound. When we look at the volumes and where we sit currently versus takeoffs and landings, we're about where we should be, nicely up from the pre-COVID level. When it comes to the comps and stuff, to read across a couple of different percentage points, delta or changes and disparities in growth, that's kind of, it's hard to splice and dice it quite that closely. Generally, over the span of the last four years, as we sit here today and just look at takeoffs and landings, we're sitting where we should be. Makes sense. Thank you. Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our last question is going to come from the line of Joe Santos with UBS. Your line is open. Please go ahead. Hi. Thanks for taking my question. Regarding margins, it improved again. Was this mostly driven by aftermarket business mix, or are you seeing sustainable efficiency gains in other areas of the business as well? If OE ramps faster now, do you see much margin headroom ahead? How do you see that? Thank you. Yeah, let me take, this is Sarah. I'll give you us on the margins. Yeah, you can see, obviously, we've increased guidance. If you look at the margins in Q4, and this might be what you're asking, from Q3- Q4, it looks like the margins declined. Obviously, we hope to be conservative with our margin guidance. We do have a mix on OEM coming into Q4. Like I say, we hope to be conservative on that. If the OEM ramps up in Q4, obviously, that just weights the margin down slightly a bit versus aftermarket. Thank you. Thank you. I would now like to hand the conference back over to Jaimie Stemen for closing remarks. Thank you all for joining us today. This concludes the call. We appreciate your time and have a good rest of your day. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating, and you may now disconnect.