Good day, and welcome to the Theriva Biologics second quarter 2022 earnings call. Today's conference is being recorded. At this time, I'd like to turn the conference over to Chris Calabrese. Please go ahead, sir. Thank you, operator, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to the Theriva Biologics 2022 second quarter investor conference call. Leading the call today will be Steven Shallcross, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Theriva Biologics. Dr. Manel Cascallo, General Director of Theriva Biologics European subsidiary, Dr. Frank Tufaro, Chief Operating Officer, and Dr. Vince Wacher, Head of Corporate and Product Development of Theriva Biologics, are also on the call and will be available to answer questions during the Q&A session. Synthetic Biologics – Theriva Biologics issued a press release this morning, which provided operational highlights and included the financial results for the second quarter ending June 30, 2022. The press release can be found in the Investors section of the company website at therivabio.com. Together with the quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, we plan to file today with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. In addition to the phone line, this call is being streamed live via webcast, which will be archived on the company website www.therivabio.com for 90 days. During this call, certain forward-looking statements regarding Theriva Biologics and VCN Biosciences current expectations and projections about future events will be made. Generally, the forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as may, should, expects, anticipates, intends, plans, believes, estimates and similar expressions. These statements are based upon current beliefs, expectations and assumptions and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those set forth in Theriva Biologics filings with the SEC, many of which are difficult to predict. No forward-looking statements can be guaranteed, and actual results may differ materially from such statements. The information on this call is provided only as of the date of this call, and Theriva Biologics undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained on this conference call on account of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Steve. Steve? Thank you, Chris. Good morning, and I appreciate everyone taking the time to join us on this call today. In the second quarter of 2022, we continued to execute on our plan to advance our exciting portfolio of clinical assets and to address a number of structural and administrative items that we believe are critical to our long-term success. Today, I will present an update on our progress as well as outline our priorities and path forward. Our team continues to advance our highly differentiated oncolytic adenovirus programs, and we believe we are well positioned to lead the clinical path forward for oncolytic virus therapies. First, our VCN-01 product has been administered to 76 patients to date, and we believe that there are very few, if any, competing programs that have dosed as many patients by systemic administration as we have. Secondly, we've generated promising clinical data that gives us the confidence to advance our products into important planned clinical trials. Thirdly, our programs are led and advised by a world-class team of renowned scientists, as evidenced by ongoing clinical collaborations and the formation of our SAB earlier this year to advance our oncology pipeline. Finally, our strong cash position of approximately $53.5 million is expected to comfortably take us into the first quarter of 2024. This should enable us to deliver on a number of value-enhancing milestones before we need to raise additional capital. I am very proud of how we've positioned our company for future growth as we continue to work diligently to advance the development of our pipeline. Our oncolytic adenovirus platform currently comprises our lead clinical stage drug candidate, VCN-01, a systemically administered oncolytic adenovirus designed to break down the tumor stroma, and preclinical stage drug candidate VCN-11, the first candidate from the truly novel Albumin Shield technology that is designed to protect systemically administered oncolytic viruses from the host immune system. The differentiating mechanisms of action of these two product candidates are intended to improve the antitumor effect of both oncolytic viruses and co-administered chemotherapies and/or other immuno-oncology products. Importantly, degrading the stroma can also expose new tumor antigens, turning cold tumors hot and enabling a sustained antitumor response by the patient's own immune system. In parallel with VCN-01 and VCN-11, our SYN-004 or ribaxamase program is progressing in a phase 1b/2a clinical study of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant or HCT recipients for the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant patients. I would now like to provide an overview of our pipeline and walk you through key updates, starting with our lead oncology product. VCN-01 is designed for intravenous, intratumoral, and intravitreal delivery. It is engineered to selectively replicate within the tumor and has the potential to remodel the tumor matrix and increase tumor immunogenicity. As a reminder, VCN-01 was granted orphan drug designation in 2011 by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, or PDAC, and also granted orphan drug designation by the FDA in February this year for the treatment of retinoblastoma. If VCN-01 is approved by the FDA, orphan drug designation will provide critical market exclusivity, and we plan to take full advantage of the development benefits to which we could be eligible under the Orphan Drug Act, including tax credits, reduced user fees, and again, market exclusivity. We are highly encouraged by the regulatory support for VCN-01, which builds on extensive phase 1 data across 76 patients, primarily with PDAC and in children with retinoblastoma. We look forward to leveraging our encouraging findings from our phase 1 studies in the planned implementation of a controlled phase 2 study of intravenous VCN-01 in combination with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel, the standard of care chemotherapy, as a first-line therapy in newly diagnosed patients with metastatic PDAC. We expect to initiate the phase 2 study in the fourth quarter of 2022. During the second quarter of 2022, the protocol for the phase 2 PDAC clinical trial was submitted to the FDA as well as Spanish and German regulatory agencies. The proposed trial is designed as a randomized, controlled, multicenter, open label phase 2 study that is expected to enroll up to 92 adults with PDAC at sites in the U.S., Spain, and Germany. The study will have two treatment arms. In arm one, patients will receive gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel, the standard of care chemotherapy, and in arm two, patients will receive VCN-01 administered seven days prior to gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. We are proposing that two doses of VCN-01 be administered approximately three months apart. The primary endpoints for the study may include overall survival and safety and tolerability. Additional endpoints may include progression-free survival, objective response rate, and measures of biodistribution, virus replication, and immune response. Since this is anticipated to be a two-arm open label study, we plan to monitor the study's progress very closely and may try to accelerate the clinical program if supported by the emerging data. The study will be led by Dr. Manuel Hidalgo, an internationally renowned oncologist, scientist, academic, and the chief of the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital. Now, moving on to the planned study for advanced retinoblastoma. We believe VCN-01 holds tremendous promise as an adjunct to intravitreal chemotherapy in patients who fail standard systemic or intra-arterial therapeutic treatments. We are working closely with key opinion leaders from well-known treatment centers in the U.S., Europe, and South America to develop the protocol for a phase 2/3 study of intravitreal VCN-01 to treat vitreous seeds in children with retinoblastoma. There is currently no regulatory guidance for the development of retinoblastoma medicines, so we plan to engage regulatory agencies to determine the appropriate study design and endpoints. We expect to initiate this phase 2/3 study of VCN-01 in the second half of 2023. In addition to the planned company-sponsored studies, there are several investigator-sponsored studies underway exploring the therapeutic potential of VCN-01 at world-leading oncology research institutions. In July of 2022, the first patient was dosed and cleared in the safety evaluation period in the University of Pennsylvania's investigator-sponsored, open-label, non-randomized phase 1 clinical trial evaluating VCN-01 in combination with mesothelin-directed lentiviral transduced human chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for patients with pancreatic and serous epithelial ovarian cancers. Mesothelin is a tumor antigen that is highly expressed in many human cancers, including malignant mesothelioma, pancreatic, ovarian, and lung adenocarcinomas. A human chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells, or huCART-meso, are autologous T cells engineered to express an extracellular single-chain variable fragment with mesothelin specificity. The phase 1 trial is designed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this novel combination therapy. We will continue to report on progress of the study as we receive updates. We are also excited about our collaboration with the University of Leeds to evaluate VCN-01 in patients with high-grade brain tumors. This study is designed to evaluate whether systemically administered VCN-01 could reach tumors in the brain. Treatment of these tumors typically requires surgery and/or direct injection. If systemic VCN-01 can reach the brain to exert a therapeutic effect, it could potentially transform the way these cancers are treated. The investigator-sponsored study is currently recruiting patients with dosing of the first patient expected in the second half of 2022. In addition to our clinical trials with VCN-01, we are keenly advancing our Albumin Shield technology platform. Albumin Shield oncolytic viruses incorporate a proprietary albumin binding domain in the virus's outer shell. This is designed to improve systemic delivery by enabling the virus to coat itself with host serum albumin and prevent inactivation by antiviral neutralizing antibodies. Ideally, this may enable multiple administrations of a systemic OV in traditional therapeutic cycles that could improve treatment outcomes. Preclinical proof of concept for the technology has been demonstrated with VCN-11, an Albumin Shield modified version of VCN-01, and we are exploring other Albumin Shield modified oncolytic viruses with different potential therapeutic payloads. IND-enabling studies are being planned, and we expect to begin these following the completion of ongoing preclinical studies and CMC activities. We look forward to building upon our foundation of compelling proof of mechanism data and continuing to advance our VCN-11 program through clinical development. As part of our company's transition to an oncolytic and oncology focus, we are exploring options to unlock value around our SYN-020 and SYN-004 assets, which have significant potential opportunity in non-oncology indications. We are currently evaluating the best path forward for these assets and whether to advance these programs internally, out-license, or partner them. In the interim, Washington University continues to screen and enroll patients in our phase 1b/2a clinical study of SYN-004, or ribaxamase, in allogeneic HCT recipients for the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant patients. The phase 1b/2a study is designed to assess the feasibility of using SYN-004 in this specific patient population and to provide key information requested by the FDA regarding the safety and tolerability of SYN-004 in patients with impaired intestinal barrier function. Last year, we announced that enrollment and patient dosing had commenced in the first of three sequential antibiotic cohorts that will each be administered a different IV beta-lactam antibiotic to treat fever following conditioning therapy. In total, eight participants in each cohort will receive SYN-004 and four will receive placebo. To date, we have dosed 19 patients in the first antibiotic cohort, 12 that are currently considered available. This completes the enrollment requirement for the first cohort, and we expect to report top-line data from the first cohort in the second half of 2022. Shortly after, we plan to initiate dosing of the second cohort in the fourth quarter of 2022. In summary, we have made steady progress throughout the second quarter of 2022. With a cash runway into the first quarter of 2024, we are well-positioned to reach potentially transformational inflection points across our impressive pipeline. Near- and long-term clinical milestones include the initiation of our phase 2 study in patients with metastatic PDAC in the fourth quarter of 2022. Top-line data from the first cohort in our phase 1b/2a clinical study of SYN-004 in HCT recipients for the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant patients in the second half of 2022. The data from the VCN-01 phase 1 investigator-sponsored study in head and neck cancer to be presented at a major medical conference in the third quarter of 2022. Dosing of VCN-01 in the first patient with high-grade brain tumors at the University of Leeds in the second half of 2022. The initiation of the second cohort in our phase 1b/2a clinical study of SYN-004 for the prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant patients in the fourth quarter of 2022. A planned pre-IND meeting with the FDA for our planned phase 2/3 study in retinoblastoma by early 2023, and the initiation of our planned phase 2/3 study in retinoblastoma in the second half of 2023. As you can see, we've positioned our company to deliver on a number of key value-creating milestones over the next six to 18 months. By prioritizing our three core clinical programs, VCN-01, VCN-11, and SYN-004, we have the ability to effectively utilize our current cash position, which carries us into the first quarter of 2024, to deliver on important clinical data and related milestones. During the remainder of 2022, we have also planned a number of initiatives to expand our presence with the scientific and investment communities through targeted conferences, outreach, and rebranding activities. We expect to provide more information on our efforts in the months ahead. Before turning to our financial results, I would remind you that the company's common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on July 25, 2022. The reverse stock split was effected to ensure we could continue to meet our per-share price listing requirements of the NYSE American. We believe maintaining our listing on the NYSE American is important to the company's performance, corporate visibility, and will provide greater flexibility with respect to future capital market access. On July 29th, with MSD Credit Opportunity Master Fund, we closed a $3 million private placement of 275,000 shares of Series C convertible preferred stock and 100,000 shares of Series D convertible preferred stock. Each share of Series C and Series D preferred stock has a purchase price of $8. Each of these shares are also convertible into shares of the company's common stock at an initial conversion price at $1.22 per share. The proceeds of the stock offering will further support the advancement of our clinical development programs. The purpose of this financing was twofold. First, the structure of the transaction will aid us administratively during our upcoming shareholder meeting to ensure that we have the necessary quorum for the meeting and the votes needed to help pass key initiatives that we believe are critical to our long-term success and viability. Second, and this is very important, we've added a significant and highly respected institutional investor who is very supportive of the management team, our technologies, and our strategy. Now I'd like to turn briefly to our financial results for the three months ended June 30, 2022. General administrative expenses increased to $1.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, from $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021. This increase of 19% primarily comprises of increased consulting and legal costs related to the VCN acquisition, higher insurance costs, audit fees, and public relations expenses, and VCN administrative expenses not included in the prior year. The charge related to stock-based compensation expense was $86,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $83,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Research and development expenses increased to $3.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, from approximately $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021. This increase of 80% is primarily the result of VCN research expense related to VCN-01, not included in the prior year, and to a lesser extent, higher manufacturing expenses for SYN-20, costs incurred related to our phase 1a clinical trial of SYN-20, and expenses related to our phase 1b/2a clinical trial of SYN-004 in eligible HCT recipients. We anticipate research and development expenses to increase as we plan for and initiate enrollment for our phase 2 clinical trial for VCN-01 in PDAC, phase 2/3 clinical trial in retinoblastoma, expand GMP manufacturing activities for VCN-01, and continue with supporting our VCN-11 and other preclinical and discovery initiatives. The charge related to stock-based compensation expense was $27,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $19,000 related to stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Other income was $17,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to other income of $2,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Other income for the three months ended June 30, 2022, is primarily comprised of interest income of $26,000, offset by an exchange loss of $9,000. Other income for the three months ended June 30, 2021, is primarily comprised of interest income. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $52.3 million as of June 30, 2022, compared to $67.3 million as of December 31, 2021. Our cash and cash equivalents totaled approximately $53.5 million as of August 1, 2022. We believe with an advanced clinical pipeline and strong cash position, we are now well positioned to execute on our priorities despite geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainty, as well as headwinds in the biotech marketplace. We are more excited than ever about the outlook of the company, and we look forward to providing further updates as we advance our technologies and products. With that, we're happy to take questions. Ladies and gentlemen, if you would like to ask a question, you can do so now by pressing star one on your telephones. That's star one if you'd like to ask a question. We will now take our first question from Laura Suriel from Alliance Global Partners. Please go ahead. Hi, this is Laura calling in for James Molloy from A.G.P. Thank you for taking our questions, and congratulations on all your progress this quarter. For VCN-11. With the current plans for IND enabling studies for this candidate, what is the overall current status on the IND filing? Also some more questions regarding your SYN-004 and SYN-20 candidates. How are potential partnerships discussions going on for them? Thank you. Okay. First I'll take the SYN-004 and SYN-20 question, and then I'll have Manel give you an update on our plans as we continue to advance VCN-11. As I stated last quarter, the SYN-20 program has interest from outside parties. We've had diligence discussions on that asset, and they continue. As I've previously stated once we have something that is definitive and more clear-cut, we'll certainly get that information out there. For the SYN-004 asset or ribaxamase, there is a nice fit within an oncology platform, and that is a preventative for acute graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant patients. We just completed the first cohort of that study, and we announced we'll have that data released here in the second half. We're very encouraged about that program, and we're getting it teed up once we clear the safety data monitoring board at WashU to advance that into the next cohort. I think there'll be a real opportunity and an inflection point for us to make a decision around that asset once we complete this phase one study and demonstrate the safety of this program in this more fragile patient population. The decision point once we complete the study will be whether to partner that or to continue to advance that on our own. T hat one, I think the decision is a little bit further down the line. The discussions on SYN-020 continue, and we'll have some information on that as we have something that's a little bit more concrete. Manel, why don't you take the status on the VCN-01 program? Okay, perfect, Steve. With VCN-11, we have been conducting several preclinical activities, and we have definitively set what's the candidate definition. We have a very clear idea about the safety, the pharmacokinetic, and the toxicity profile of the product. Also, we have been conducting several activities related to establishing the different mechanism of action of the product and the effectiveness of antitumor activity in several preclinical models. In parallel to all these activities, we have also been working on the final definition of the manufacturing process for VCN-11, which is very similar to VCN-01 with, but with some specificities, not major, but obviously we need to test that. That's what we are doing right now in our internal CMC department, and we're planning to start manufacturing as soon as we have all these internal activities finished. We expect to be not very far in the next months, probably. As soon as we have this done, and we can translate the manufacturing process to the CMO, we are going to have the material to conduct the IND-enabling studies. We are progressing quite smoothly with this candidate, and we are pretty convinced that in the next months we are going to have major advances with him. Thank you. We will now take our next question from Michael Okunewitch from Maxim Group. Please go ahead. Hey, guys. Thank you for taking the question and congratulations on the progress over the quarter. I guess my first question, I'd like to ask a bit more just about the rationale for targeting retinoblastoma. Is this largely based on the relatively short path to market, or are there any particular mechanistic rationales that make this indication particularly attractive? I'll take the first part, and then I'll hand it over to Manel to talk about the scientific rationale. For me, this is really exciting because there's no approved treatment for this, you know, serious type of cancer that affects these pediatric patients. If you would see the outcomes, they're not very pleasant. If present treatments, whether it's cryotherapy or different forms of chemotherapy don't work, these eyes get enucleated to prevent the cancer to spread to the brain and ultimately cause death. We're very excited not only to be able to utilize our technology but to hopefully prevent the serious destruction of the eyes of these types of patients and prevent their deaths. With orphan drug designation, I think that gives us a real opportunity, assuming the data that we continue to generate from our phase one study and ultimately the data we hope to generate from a phase two through three study to separate us from anybody else who's tried to advance a serious treatment for these patients. I'll turn it over to Manel and let him talk about the scientific rationale and maybe some of the observations we've had as we've used VCN to treat these patients, VCN-01 to treat these patients. Okay, thank you, Steve. Yes, there are some, a list of different scientific reasons for selecting retinoblastoma as a target indication for VCN-01. First of all, it's basically the genetic reasons for retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma is a tumor that is characterized by the mutation of retinoblastoma protein. That's the reason for the name of this tumor. Our viral selectivity is just based on the retinoblastoma pathway. Not only is related to the mutation of retinoblastoma, but any mutation in the retinoblastoma pathway, but also the mutation of retinoblastoma. Theoretically, the mechanism of action is extremely well fitted because we are basically conferring selectivity to VCN-01 based on the pathway that is mutated in this specific tumor indication. Okay? That's an initial indication. The other very interesting thing for this indication is that one of the major problems with current therapies in retinoblastoma is the toxicity of the chemotherapy that patients are receiving, the child are receiving for controlling the growth of the retinoblastoma tumor cells. The majority of therapies that patients are receiving are damaging the retina of the patient, and that makes this patient maybe can live without tumor, but also without a major capacity of sight. That's also one of the reasons because VCN-01 has demonstrated in our phase 1 trial that is extremely selective for retinoblastoma cells. We have collected biopsies from patients, and we can observe the replication capability in tumor cells compared to standard retina, and we know that the virus is not affecting at all the normal retinal tissue. The visual capacity of patients are not impacted at all. That's a major thing in the field of retinoblastoma because that's really a real need for this type of really selective therapies that maintain not only the viability of the eye, but also the visual acuity of patients, okay? In addition to that, obviously, there are other reasons. The convenience of administering VCN-01 as an intravitreal therapy, it's also very convenient in retinoblastoma because they are quite used to this type of administrations and probably with a single or, let's say, a reduced number of doses of our product, we can allow maintaining the response of patients for long periods. In fact, we have observed even a complete response in a patient that is still free of disease more than 3 years and a half after administration of our product. There's several scientific reasons that makes the retinoblastoma a perfect target for VCN-01. Thank you very much. I appreciate the additional color. As a follow-up, I'd like to talk a bit about the Albumin Shield program in VCN-11, and specifically how you're viewing that program strategically. Is this more of a follow-up to VCN-01 where it can excel in the same indications, but you have the option for multiple dosing? Or does it open up new indications where a single dose may not be ideal? So, um- Steve. Okay. Yeah, let me just take the first part. Sure. I'll hand it off to Manel again. We see this as a strategic asset to build on the data that we're generating on VCN-01, and we believe this has a real, really nice opportunity to treat more difficult cancers out there. You know, one of the keys has always been neutralizing antibodies. I think the design of this allows us to address that, and as you suggested, to allow us to use multiple dosings with these more difficult to treat cancers. Manel, do you wanna comment further on the technology? Yes. Obviously, as said by Steve, that's the first goal of this program is to expand the range of tumors that can be treated with a product like VCN-01. However, we are also working very intensively in improving and putting a albumin-binding technology with other payloads that obviously maintaining hyaluronidase because we think that it's critical for the therapeutic effect we are observing in our patient with VCN-01. We are exploring to add additional payloads. Eventually, these additional payloads with the albumin shielding technology can bring these products to a new stage. I think that we can be. That's obviously something that we are still in very preclinical early stage, let's say. That can open additional venues to what we have right now with VCN-01, but that's something more speculative at this point. VCN-11 it's probably more direct continuation of VCN-01, but eventually that opens the door to new technologies and new products that can be more, even more differential. All right. Thank you very much for the answers. Thank you. As a reminder, if you'd like to ask a question, please press star one on your telephones. If there are no further questions. Oh, pardon me. We do have a question. One moment. Sorry, the caller has stepped away. If there are no further questions, I will turn the call back to your host. Thank you, Emma. Thank you to everyone for taking the time to join our call today. Looking ahead, we are well positioned to deliver on our focused clinical development strategy, as well as our key objectives that we believe will drive significant value for our shareholders in the months and years ahead. We remain deeply committed to improving patient outcomes for hard to treat cancers, and we look forward to providing updates on our progress. Once again, I would like to thank our shareholders, the entire team, and the many people who have been supportive along the way, including our patients and their families. Once again, thank you for joining us today and have a great weekend. Ladies and gentlemen, that will conclude today's conference. You may now all disconnect.