Good morning. Welcome to the Trane Technologies Q3 2024 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Julianne, and I will be your operator for the call. The call will begin in a few moments with the speaker remarks and the Q&A session. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's remarks, we will have a Q&A session. To ask a question, please press star followed by one on your telephone keypad. In the interest of time, we ask that you please limit yourselves to one question and one follow-up. Thank you. I'll now turn the call over to Zac Nagle, Vice President of Investor Relations. Thanks, Operator. Good morning, and thank you for joining us for Trane Technologies' Third Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. This call is being webcast on our website at tranetechnologies.com, where you'll find the accompanying presentation. We're also recording and archiving this call on our website. Please go to slide two. Statements made in today's call that are not historical facts are considered forward-looking statements and are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of federal securities law. Please see our SEC filings for a description of some of the factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from anticipated results. This presentation also includes non-GAAP measures, which are explained in the financial tables attached to our news release. Joining me on today's call are Dave Regnery, Chair and CEO, and Chris Kuehn, Executive Vice President and CFO. With that, I'll turn the call over to Dave. Dave? Thanks, Zac, and everyone for joining today's call. Please turn to slide number three. I'd like to begin with a few minutes on our purpose-driven strategy, which enables our differentiated financial results over time. Climate change is occurring much faster than anticipated, affecting people and communities around the world. As we saw here in North Carolina just a few weeks ago, urgent and transformative action is needed to reduce emissions and limit global warming. That's where Trane Technologies comes in. Through our innovation, we are helping our customers reduce energy and emissions. When you consider that in a typical building, approximately 30% of the energy after the meter is wasted, it's a massive opportunity. And for our customers, it's green for green, good for the planet, and good for the bottom line. With our relentless innovation, consistent execution, and uplifting culture, we are positioned to deliver a leading growth profile and differentiated financial results over the long term and build a more sustainable future. Please turn to slide number four. We delivered strong performance in the third quarter, extending our track record of leading revenue and EPS growth among industrials. Our global team delivered 11% organic revenue growth, adjusted EBITDA margin expansion of 120 basis points, and adjusted EPS growth of 21%. Enterprise organic bookings were very strong at $5.2 billion, the second highest quarter in the company's history, up 5% in the quarter and up 13% on a two-year stack. To put this into perspective, bookings were only about $120 million, or 2% below our highest bookings quarter in Q2 of this year. Organic bookings in Americas commercial HVAC this quarter were also the second highest in the company's history, up low single digits and up mid-teens on a two-year stack. Q3 bookings were only $100 million below the highest bookings quarter in Q1 of 2024. Net absolute bookings remain very strong. Given the tremendous growth we've seen over the past four years and the variation in order timing, comps will likely continue to be somewhat lumpy. While absolute bookings are expected to remain very strong, backlog also remains very strong at $7.2 billion, up from $6.9 billion at year-end 2023, and we expect to exit 2024 with highly elevated backlog. We encourage investors to look at absolute bookings, revenues, and backlog, along with growth rates, in order to gain a clear picture of our strength. Robust performance continues to be led by Americas commercial HVAC business, where revenue growth has been exceptionally strong and consistent. Revenues for each of the first three quarters of 2024 are up +50% on a three-year stack, inclusive of both equipment and services, and we expect the fourth quarter revenue to be up 50% on a three-year stack as well. We are building a strong track record of market outperformance, particularly as increasing project complexity plays to our unique strengths in innovation and direct sales and service. Case in point, organic bookings and revenue for our applied solutions in the Americas are both up well over 100% over the past four years. Our installed base is expanding rapidly, adding an estimated eight to 10 multiple of higher margin services revenue over the life of the equipment. Our strong performance throughout 2024 has enabled us to accelerate incremental investments while delivering full-year leverage above our long-term framework of +25%. We've stepped up the pace of investments in the second half of 2024, further strengthening our position for 2025 and beyond. Given our strong performance and positive outlook, we are raising our full-year organic revenue and adjusted EPS guidance. Chris will cover our guidance update in more detail later in the presentation. Please go to slide number five. In our Americas segment, commercial HVAC has delivered exceptional bookings and revenues throughout the year, as I've highlighted on the prior slide, with broad-based strength across vertical markets. Revenue was very strong, up nearly 20% in the quarter, with equipment and services up nearly 25% and mid-teens, respectively. In residential, the team delivered very strong results, with bookings up high 20s and revenues up low teens. Turning to transport, the business performed as expected. Bookings were strong, up high-20s%. Revenues were down high-single-digits%, consistent with our guide. In EMEA, commercial HVAC strength continues to be driven by demand for our innovation, with bookings up mid-single-digits% in the quarter and up high-teens% on a two-year stack. Revenue was also strong, up low-teens%. Our transport business performed in line with our expectations, with bookings up mid-teens% and revenues flat. Turning to Asia, results were mixed between China and the rest of Asia. Starting with the rest of Asia, bookings and revenues were solid, up low-single-digits% and up mid-single-digits%, respectively. China had a challenging quarter, which I'll discuss in more detail on slide eight. Now, I'd like to turn the call over to Chris. Chris? Thanks, Dave. Please turn to slide number six. This slide provides a snapshot of our performance in the third quarter and highlights continued strong execution top to bottom. Organic revenues were up 11%. Adjusted EBITDA margin was up 120 basis points, and adjusted EPS was up 21%. At an enterprise level, we delivered strong organic revenue growth in both equipment and services, up double digits and low teens, respectively. Our high-performance flywheel continues to pay dividends, with relentless investments in innovation driving strong top-line growth, margin expansion, and EPS growth. Please turn to slide number seven. At the enterprise level, we delivered robust volume growth with strong incrementals, positive price realization, and productivity that more than offset inflation and continued high levels of business reinvestment. In our Americas segment, we delivered about 12 points of volume and three points of price. Strong volume growth in our commercial HVAC and residential businesses was partially offset by muted performance in our transport business. Adjusted operating margin expansion of 130 basis points was driven by volume growth, productivity, and price realization, more than offsetting inflation and high levels of business reinvestment. In our EMEA segment, we delivered about 7 points of volume and 1 point of price, with strong volume in our commercial HVAC business. Adjusted operating margin expansion of 140 basis points was driven by volume growth, productivity, and price realization, more than offsetting inflation and high levels of business reinvestment. In our Asia-Pacific segment, volumes declined by approximately 22 points. The team was able to deleverage within gross margin rates. Now, I'd like to turn the call back over to Dave. Dave? Thanks, Chris. Please turn to slide number eight. Our outlook is largely unchanged as we move closer to the end of the year, with Americas commercial HVAC and residential a bit stronger and Asia-Pacific more muted. We've talked about the strength of our Americas commercial HVAC business at length, so I won't go into a lot more detail. We expect the strength to continue in the fourth quarter, with three-year stacked revenue growth of approximately 50%, consistent with our performance each quarter this year. Our residential business delivered stronger-than-expected growth in the third quarter, driven by the factors highlighted on the slide. We continue to expect a modest pre-buy of 410A in 2024, primarily impacting Q1 of 2025. We've raised our full-year 2024 revenue growth outlook to up high single digits, up from mid-single digits prior. In our Americas transport business, ACT continues to forecast the 2024 transport markets to be down mid-teens, and we expect to outperform. Looking to 2025, ACT has moderated their trailer growth expectations to up low single digits. This includes a weak first half and a stronger second half, and we largely agree with that view. We've been investing heavily in our transport business, and as the markets recover, we expect to emerge well-positioned to outperform. Overall, the changes to our outlook in the Americas segment are favorable, and we've reflected this in our raised guidance for the year. Turning to EMEA, the business performed as expected, and there's no change to our outlook. Asia represents about 8% of our overall revenue mix, with about 50% in China and 50% in the rest of Asia. The rest of Asia performed in line with our expectations in the third quarter, and we expect continued modest growth in Q4 as well. Our China commercial HVAC business came in below our expectations in the third quarter, primarily related to two factors. First, the non-residential markets in China deteriorated meaningfully since the June timeframe, and bookings and revenues were negatively impacted as a result. Second, we made the prudent decision to tighten our credit policies in China, primarily related to down payments and progress payments. Despite the significant revenue decline in China, the team maintained deleverage within gross margin rates. While China will remain a dynamic environment, we expect some improvements in the fourth quarter as our customers and sales teams navigate the market and policy changes. We have an outstanding team in China that has delivered leading results for many years, and I remain confident in our team's ability to outperform over the long term. Now, I'd like to turn the call back over to Chris. Chris? Thanks, Dave. Please turn to slide number nine. We continue to target top quartile performance on organic revenue and adjusted EPS growth for the full year and believe we're on track to achieve those objectives. Given our continued strong performance, positive outlook, and exceptional backlog, we're raising our organic revenue guidance to approximately 11% from our prior guide of 10%. We're also raising our full-year adjusted earnings per share guidance by 30 cents to approximately $11.10, up from $10.80 prior. We're well-positioned to deliver our fourth consecutive year of adjusted earnings per share growth of 20% or greater. Between our strong year-to-date revenue performance and the addition of two small acquisitions that we made in the third quarter, we expect M&A to contribute approximately 50-100 basis points to revenue in 2024, which we expect to result in about 3 points of negative impact on reported versus organic leverage for the year. We also expect a more moderate negative impact from FX for the year at less than a point, effectively offsetting the positive revenue impact of M&A. Net, organic, and reported revenue guidance is the same at approximately 11%. We expect full-year organic leverage of approximately 30%, up from our prior guidance of +25%. We continue to expect free cash flow conversion to adjusted net earnings of 100% or greater. Absolute free cash flow is expected to be higher, reflecting our higher adjusted earnings guidance. For the fourth quarter, we expect organic revenue growth of approximately 7% and Adjusted EPS of approximately $2.50. Embedded in this guidance is a step-up in investments and higher incentive-based compensation, reflecting strong performance in 2024. Please see page 18 for additional details related to our guidance that may be helpful for modeling purposes. Please go to slide number 10. We remain committed to our balanced capital allocation strategy, focused on consistently deploying excess cash to opportunities with the highest returns for shareholders. First, we continue to strengthen our core business through relentless business reinvestment. Second, we're committed to maintaining a strong balance sheet that provides us with continued optionality as our markets evolve. And third, we expect to consistently deploy 100% of excess cash over time. Our balanced approach includes strategic M&A that further improves long-term shareholder returns and share repurchases as the stock trades below our calculated intrinsic value. Please turn to slide number 11. Year-to-date through October, we've deployed or committed approximately $2 billion in cash, with about $800 million to dividends, $230 million to M&A, and about $1 billion to share repurchases. We have $1.5 billion remaining under the current share repurchase authorization, providing us with strong optionality as our shares remain attractive, trading below our calculated intrinsic value. We continue to have an active M&A pipeline with potential value-accretive opportunities to further improve long-term shareholder returns. Our outlook for 2024 cash deployment remains unchanged at approximately $2.5 billion. Our strong free cash flow, liquidity, balance sheet, and significant share repurchase authorization gives us excellent capital allocation optionality moving forward. Now, I'd like to turn the call back over to Dave. Dave? Thanks, Chris. Please go to slide number 13. We discussed the transport markets in our outlook discussion on slide number eight, so I won't cover them again here. However, we've continued to provide this slide with additional details for your convenience. Please turn to slide number 14. We operate our transport business for the long term, and while we will continue to manage through a down cycle in 2024, this is a great business with a bright future. ACT projects a modest trailer market rebound in 2025, mid-teens growth in 2026 and 2027, and continued strong markets in 2028 and 2029. We're directionally aligned with these projections. We have a diversified transport business globally and opportunities to grow across the portfolio. With leading innovation, strong execution through our Business Operating System, and a world-class dealer network, we're well-positioned to outperform in any market environment. Turning to slide number 15. We expect to provide 2025 guidance on our fourth quarter earnings call. However, given our strong bookings, backlog, and growing pipeline of opportunities, visibility into 2025 has steadily increased. We thought it would be constructive to provide our early views on 2025 as another year of healthy growth. Our commercial HVAC businesses are executing well. Our world-class direct sales and service teams are a clear competitive advantage, enabling us to quickly pivot across vertical markets to capture growth opportunities. We have the broadest and most innovative portfolio in the industry, and we're relentlessly reinvesting in our business for growth. As we look at market opportunities, we're in the early innings of a strong multi-year CapEx cycle. We're also in early innings on the journey to decarbonize hundreds of billions of sq ft across the built environment. Increasing complexity of these project opportunities plays to our unique strengths, and we're seeing this in our bookings, backlog, and pipeline of projects. Net, we see another strong year ahead for commercial HVAC in the Americas and in EMEA. In Asia, and more specifically China, which is more than 90% commercial HVAC, the macro is more dynamic. However, with China at roughly 4% of our portfolio, we expect strength in the Americas and EMEA to more than offset a challenging backdrop for the region. Turning to residential, we've moved through a period of normalization in 2023 and 2024, and we believe we're returning to a GDP-plus framework. While we expect a moderate amount of pre-buy in 2024, we expect this to largely impact revenues in the first quarter of 2025. Pricing differentials from the A2L transition should also act as a tailwind as we move through 2025. Turning to our Americas transport business, which is about 7% of our revenues, ACT is projecting modest growth, largely in the second half of 2025. Net, 2025 will be a modest tailwind for the enterprise. We continue to lead with innovation, which yields healthy pricing opportunities, and our Business Operating System is primed to stay ahead of inflationary pressures. Underpinning our enterprise growth is our resilient services business. Services comprise about a third of our enterprise revenues and have averaged high single-digit growth over the past seven years. We see opportunities for continued growth in services across our portfolio. In particular, we expect strong performance in our commercial HVAC businesses with our large and growing installed base. With increased focus on decarbonization, we're seeing increased demand for digital performance optimization and demand-side management, where our energy services business shines. All in, we're excited about the opportunities for strong growth again in 2025. Please go to slide number 16. In summary, we are well-positioned to deliver leading performance and differentiated shareholder returns in 2024 and beyond. We recently received the results of our annual employee engagement survey, and engagement was at a record level and in the top quartile compared to external companies. I experienced that engagement firsthand when I see our team members engage with customers around the world. That engaging culture, combined with our leading innovation and proven Business Operating System, continues to set us apart. I'm proud of our team's consistent track record and believe our brightest days are ahead. And now, we'd be happy to take your questions. Operator? As a reminder to ask a question, please press star, followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. In the interest of time, we ask that you please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up question. Thank you. Our first question will come from Scott Davis from Melius Research. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Hey, good morning, Dave and Chris and Zac. Hey, Scott. How are you doing, Scott? I'm great. The numbers are good. I'm just trying to figure out a little bit of perhaps you can help with some context around data centers specifically, just since it's so topical right now. Just anything you can give us, whether it's growth, orders, materiality to your algorithm. I'm just trying to get my arms around how important that is for you guys for the next year. Sure. Good question, Scott. Look, Scott, we've been strong in data centers for decades now, okay? So this has always been a very strong vertical for us. And I think we were kind of early adopters in the data center. We had a dedicated team that just focused on data centers, which has really allowed us to continue to remain very strong in that vertical. If you look at data centers, the growth project and that's projected, I mean, if you take the middle there and there's a lot of numbers out there, you're going to see the data center vertical is going to be growing at the mid-teens for the foreseeable future. And you should expect that Trane Technologies will continue to be very, very strong in this vertical as we have been for a long time. So it's important that when you think of data centers, they're probably the most complex systems that we build, okay? We like working direct with the data center customers. We like thinking about it at a system level, okay? You'll hear a lot about different components within the system. We look at the entire system and really help the customer think through optionality that exists for their particular needs based on what they're going to be using that data center for. And it does depend on what they're going to be using it for. Chris, I don't know if you want to add anything. Yeah. What I would add, Scott, is year-to-date in our Americas commercial HVAC business, data centers have provided a lot of growth to bookings. But when you remove data centers from those bookings, the rest of the verticals in aggregate are also up very strong. So we like the broad-based focus of our direct sales force. Data centers is one strong vertical, but as we highlighted in our release, there's a number of verticals that have been strong for us this year, almost nearly all of them year-to-date showing strength. Okay. That's helpful. And I wish you'd size it for us, but I understand if you don't want to, that's totally fine. Just moving to China, guys, is that market mature enough at this point where we can start to see it perhaps moving to more retrofit and services and being a little bit more stable longer term? I understand the down 45% projects can disappear pretty quickly over there, but it's been a couple of decades now that you guys have been pretty strong and have a pretty big install base there. So is that something that you see that kind of becoming a more mature market going forward? Yeah. I mean, we have a service business in China, as you're aware. It's not at the same level that you would see here in the Americas, but it's growing. Look, specifically in China, I know I've read a lot of the pre-reports here, and let me just be very specific. Look, our business in China, I think we all understand what's happening in the markets in China, and we were obviously impacted by that. The second is that we thought it was very prudent for us to tighten our credit policies, and specifically around down payments and progress payments. So, for example, if a customer wants to give us an order and they don't give us a down payment with that, we will not accept the order. If we have a product that's complete and ready to ship to the customer and the customer doesn't provide the proper down payment or progress payments, we will not ship that product to the customer. So look, long term, we know this is the right decision to make. We have a great team in China. It's performed exceptionally well for a long period of time, and I have 100% confidence that we'll continue to outperform the market there. Our teams are just going to be working through this in the fourth quarter and these changes. And look, it's the right decision to make for that particular region at this particular time. Okay. Makes sense. I'll pass it on. Best of luck, guys. Thank you. Thanks, Scott. See you in December. Our next question comes from Chris Snyder from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Thank you. I wanted to ask on services, which continues to be really strong up low teens again here in Q3. Can you just maybe talk a little bit about the mechanics of the service business? What is the lag between when you sell the equipment to when it starts generating service revenue? Anything you could talk about on service margins? And then it seems like a lot of the reinvestment the company is making is in that service side. So just what are you spending on to better position the company to capture more of that revenue? Sure. I'll start. I'll let Chris answer some of the margin questions. But look, we love our service business. It's a third of the company, and it's very, very resilient. Okay? Over the last seven years, its compound annual growth rate is high single digits. So it's a very, very competitive weapon that we have within Trane Technologies. And we continue to, as you've noted, invest heavily in it. Look, as far as the timing as to when a product gets installed, specifically on the applied side to when service starts, it varies, okay, depending on what the warranty is on a particular product. A lot of customers will have extended warranties. That's why I say it varies. And obviously, that would vary around the world. But think of it, year two, year three, it starts to ramp up. And by the way, even if it's under extended warranty, we're going to be doing PM work on these products in many cases. The applied systems are so much more sophisticated today than they were just four or five years ago. And the customers are really demanding that the OEMs do the service on these systems to make sure that they're always performing the way they're designed. And Chris, you and I have spoke a lot about connected solutions in the past, and I would tell you that that's going to be so fundamental to how we continue to drive our service business in the future. I think you could certainly understand that our install base is increasing. That will continue to drive growth. But the connected solutions and making sure that the asset is always performing the way it was designed and consuming energy at that level is so important. Today and a little bit certainly into the future, an HVAC asset isn't performing not only if it's not cooling properly, not only if it's not heating properly, not only if it's not ventilating properly, but if it's using too much energy. And if you think about that, that's where the opportunity is. And we have done hundreds of energy audits in buildings, and we know that I'll be conservative here and say that 30% of the energy after the meter is being wasted. However, if you are connected to an asset, you could always ensure that it's performing the way it was designed. And that's going to continue to be a significant tailwind for our service business well into the future. So, Chris, I don't know if you want to talk about margins. Yeah. I'd add with the applied growth over the past four years, Chris, over 100%, that obviously bodes well as we think about that install base maturing. And as Dave said, two to three years out, starts to build a little bit of a ramp on the services revenues. The services business, I'll call it higher margins than the average. So we like that business for that reason as well. And it's a perfect example of where we've accelerated investments over the last few years, but even more so into the second half of this year. Dave talked about digital connected solutions. That's absolutely one way we're making investments. But think about it as capacity as well. And I'm not going to focus on factory or plant capacity. I'm going to focus on people. And when you think about sales and service, adding employees from covering verticals to adding service technicians to support our customers with that higher install base, that's one area where we're really continuing to inflect up in investments. And then the tools to support the sales and service team. So sales support tools, whether it be customer relationship tools, order intake tools, billing collections, you name it. It's all part of what Dave and I coming out of the second quarter said, "We're going to accelerate the speed of some of these investments to just give us even further confidence on growth over the next couple of years." But it's such a strong business, and we're going to keep investing in it. Yeah. One other point, Chris, that I always tell people that some of our service technicians are our best sales associates. And if you think about it, our service techs are with our customers every day, and they're building that trusted advisor relationship with our customers. And they often see opportunities that the customer can make improvements in their own facility. So they do a fantastic job for us. But the service business is a strong part of Trane Technologies today, and think of it being even stronger tomorrow. Really, really appreciate all of that. Maybe just following up on data center service specifically, if we kind of think about that two- to three-year lag, it would imply that a lot of the growth we've seen, certainly, in orders and even, I guess, revenue on the data center side over the last 12-18 months hasn't really found its way into service yet. Can you just maybe talk about service, and is the process different in data center elsewhere? And I just ask because obviously, these are customers that are very sophisticated. Uptime is everything. Energy efficiency is even more important there than it is elsewhere. So any just color on how the data center service model differs would be helpful. Thank you. As I said earlier, think of it as the more sophisticated the product, the greater the appetite is for the OEM to do the service. And data centers tend to be some of the most sophisticated systems that we deploy. So we're very strong in the data centers there and service. And by the way, I know that the growth over the last several years has been fantastic in data centers. But remember, data centers have been around for a long time, and we've been very strong in this vertical since the beginning. So even though we've seen tremendous growth, we also have a big install base in data centers that we're servicing today. Thank you. Sure, Chris. Our next question comes from Julian Mitchell from Barclays. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Hi. Good morning. Maybe just wanted to start with slide 15. You give some very useful points on next year. Just when we're thinking about kind of any color you could give us as to how to think about organic operating leverage. This year is guided at 30% now. Trying to think about sort of that for next year. Anything you're calling out in terms of, say, mixed? It looks like you get a mixed tailwind perhaps within resi from the A2L transition. There may be some high operating leverage as transport markets turn around more in the second half. Just when we're sort of rolling all that together, should we expect kind of strong operating leverage in 2025? Any reason not to? Hey, Julian. It's Chris. I'll start. Yeah. We'll provide a bit more detail around 2025 in our earnings call for the fourth quarter. But we really do like that long-term algorithm of 25% or better operating leverage and making sure we have the ability to fund investments in the business. We would be targeting 2025 for top quartile financial performance. We're going to look at that in the top line. We're going to look at that in the bottom line and cash conversion as well. One thing so far this year, we've had excellent free cash flow conversion. The average over the last four years is, I think, 108%. And so we're going to be targeting top line, bottom line, and really strong cash conversion going into 2025. So we would expect commercial HVAC to remain strong. The backlog visibility gives us a lot of confidence around that. We just talked about services, and the high single-digit growth we've seen over the last seven years gives us a lot of confidence that should continue. And I think about Americas transport, it's probably not a headwind. It could be a modest tailwind going into next year, just given the expectation around refrigerated trailers in the Americas being up low single digits more second half of the year than first half. So we think we got some nice tailwinds going into next year. But on the leverage, we like the 25% or greater algorithm and keep those investments coming. Thanks very much, Chris. And then maybe my second question just around the U.S. resi HVAC market, which I don't think has been touched on in the question so far. Maybe just help us understand that I think Dave, you mentioned a slight increase to your revenue assumption for that business this year. Was that tied to sort of share gain or some behavior by distributors in general? Any color on that? And it sounds like you're pretty confident of decent revenue growth in 2025, again, despite the pre-buy. I just wondered if you could flesh that out, please, at all. Yeah. Sure. Well, Julian, first of all, nice job on CNBC the other day. I saw you. You did a fantastic job. So nice to see. Look, on resi, look, let's just go back. We started the year, and we were thinking that resi was going to be plus or minus low single digits. And then at the end of the first quarter, we kind of said, "Look, the EPA clarification around the refrigerant transition, that was a nice help." We thought that inventory had normalized in the channel, so that was a help. And then we had a very warm cooling season, right? So I think it was a very hot summer, and that certainly drove growth as well. As far as share goes, I'm sure, yeah, we're saying we had nice gains, but I've heard everyone say they have nice gains. So I'm not sure where that will sort out. But we're very confident, and we're happy with the share that we have in that space and the progress that that team's been able to make. Look, our team is really executing at a high level in residential right now. We've made some investments there in our manufacturing that are really paying dividends. And I could not be more proud of what that team has been able to execute too. So we're very happy with what we're seeing in residential. As far as 2025 goes, look, I've been saying for a long time that I believe our resi business is a GDP-plus business. And I think that that's the framework that we're working through that we'll get back to in 2025. The pre-buy, look, I don't think there's going to be a significant pre-buy. I've been saying that since January. There will be something. We'll clarify that as we get through the fourth quarter, but look, resi business is operating on all cylinders right now, and we expect it to continue into the future. Great. Thank you. Our next question comes from Andy Kaplowitz from Citi. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Hey, good morning, everyone. Hey, Andy. How are you doing? Good. How are you? Dave, look, I know you already talked about data centers a little bit, but interestingly, in your presentation, you mentioned other verticals. You've mentioned before education, healthcare, but you also mentioned office. Maybe you can elaborate on what you're seeing there. And then given we're at the tail end of ESSER spending for K through 12, what could that mean for education-related HVAC spend in 2025? Yeah. Well, Andy, look, first of all, thanks for noticing office on the page. We haven't talked about office in a long time, and although it may sound counterintuitive because you still have vacancy rates that are quite high, but we had a very strong quarter in office. Actually, year-to-date, office is up from an order rate standpoint, and if you think about it, you go kind of a click lower, you could sit there and say, "Well, we're doing a really good job in Class A buildings," and we're also really helping our customers navigate through how they get tenants back into their space, and I know you had the opportunity to visit us in New York, and you got to see it firsthand, right? Having this direct sales force with deep domain expertise as to what's happening in a particular city is critical, right? We know what the carrots are, what the sticks are, and more importantly, how to navigate that so that we could help the customer make the right decision so they can get tenants back into their space. So it's just, I can't speak enough about our direct sales force. I can't speak enough about how they pivot to where the opportunities are and how it's not just about data centers that's growing. For us, it's really almost all of our verticals. I was doing a study. I had the team do a study, and I was looking year-to-date from order rates, and I'll speak about commercial HVAC. We tracked 14 different verticals. 13 of them were positive by a lot, and office was one of those. So it just shows you the broad-based strength that we have and the ability of our teams to really navigate to where the opportunities are. So I could not be happier with seeing office on the page, and the team continues to execute at a high level there. Great. And let me just ask you about China in the context of, obviously, had somewhat high decremental margins there. Some of that is the choices you've made. Again, you've been in China for a long time. You moved to direct sales, and everything was good once you did that. Do you see this as more structural issue, or is it really just cyclical? And if it is, either way, can you take more cost out of that business, or how should we think about that to offset higher decrementals? Yeah, I mean, well, first of all, the team performed quite well, even though the revenues were down. They were within gross margins on a deleverage standpoint, so that was good to see. Look, we're going to just work through this in China. We have a great team there, and we have a great business, and we've been overperforming in China for a long time. We made a decision to change our credit policy, specifically around down payments and progress payments, and long-term, this will be the right decision, and I think people will see that in the future, but right now, our teams are working through this change. I have all the confidence in the world that they'll get back to outperforming here in the future, but right now, we're going to work through it. But great team there that's executed for a long time at a high level, and I expect more of that in the future. Appreciate the color, guys. Okay. Thanks, Andy. We'll see you in a couple of weeks. Yep. See you soon. Our next question comes from Joe Ritchie from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Hey, guys. Good morning. Hey, Joe. How are you? Doing great, Dave. Thanks. Yeah. So look, talked about office. We talked about data centers. Clearly, the commercial HVAC business is humming along. Can you maybe just kind of talk a little bit about some of the mega project activity, how that's coming through, whether it's semiconductor plants. I know there's been some delays on EV plants. Just any commentary around that would be helpful. Yeah. Mega projects is my favorite term I don't really like. But look, mega projects are happening in verticals that we've always been very strong in, and it's dynamic, as you could imagine, right? Yeah. You've talked about a few projects that maybe are getting a little bit delayed. We have others that are pulled up. We have some, especially on the EV battery side. A couple of them actually have been canceled. But we also have new ones that are coming in. So it's dynamic, but we continue to win in the mega project space, right? Again, verticals we've always been strong in. But a lot of these decisions are made on a global basis. So you have decision-makers that live in different parts of the world. Again, a direct sales force that could help triage those decision-makers is extremely important. We've been very successful and I anticipate and I know we'll be very successful in the future as well. Got it. That's helpful. And look, I know you're now talking about a pre-buy on the residential side of the business, and yet the industry is seeing pretty significant growth in the back half of this year in resi. And a few of your competitors are talking about how much of the kind of R-454B is going to go through their system next year, with one saying 65% of their business, the other one saying 90% of their business. I'm just kind of curious, as you kind of think about your resi business into next year, how much of it do you think is going to be the R-410A product that you'll manufacture this year versus the R-454B product that will be hitting the market next year? Any thoughts? Yeah. I mean, if you think about inventory in the channel, think about three months of inventory is probably a good average to use. So by definition, you're going to be at 75. Now, it won't probably be linear where it'll be all in the back half. You'll have some of the 410 that will sell throughout the year. But look, we'll probably be in that 75%-80% range in resi. In commercial, and by the way, no one wants to talk about commercial, but commercial also went through a refrigerant change on the unitary side. And that one will be obviously a lot higher. Think of that one in the 90%+ range. Helpful. Thank you very much. Okay. Thanks, Joe. Our next question comes from Nigel Coe from Wolfe Research. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for the question. Look, I know APAC and China are a very small few, so apologies for coming back to this. But I guess the surprise is that it took so long because we've seen terrible markets in China now for some time. So you mentioned you've been outperforming. That makes sense. But obviously, the streak broke this quarter. So it seems if you have to gauge how much of this is elective, enforcing more stringent credit procedures versus a genuine deterioration in the markets, how would you sort of gauge that? And I'm guessing that this correction has to cycle through into 2025. There's no kind of spring back here. Just any thoughts there? Yeah. I mean, I think the fourth quarter will be stronger than the third quarter. I mean, Nigel, you kind of hit it. Look, China's 4% of our revenue, first of all. So it's a small portion of our revenue, but it's important. And how much of the downturn is market-related versus our policy change? It's always hard to say that. I don't know. Is it 50/50? Maybe it's a little bit more weighted to policy change, at least in the short term, probably, just because we have to work through that. We have to educate our customers as to what the expectations are. So our teams are really good. Again, a direct sales force can have that direct conversation. They can understand the why, and we'll work through it. We'll see how the fourth quarter, as I said, it'll be a little bit stronger, we think, than the third quarter, and that's what we have baked into our guide. Okay. Okay. That's great. And then a follow-up for Chris. Not asking for 25 guidance, but maybe just some of the moving pieces. On corporate, running at 330 now, it was as low as 250 back in 2022, 2021. So any sense on what would be a good run rate for corporates? And then it looks like amort comes down in 25. So I think some of the Trane acquisition, amort's starting to roll off. Is that correct? And then finally, just on interest, we got a refi coming up in November, I think. Very small, but should we expect interest expense to go up a little bit next year? Hey, Nigel. Yeah. Corporate, I think $300 million is probably a good longer-term run rate number. I mean, there are times like this year where we have a little bit higher corporate expense, and think of that as where we're driving some of the enterprise investments for the company. So those are decisions we'll make as we work throughout a year, always making sure that that pipeline of investments is getting funded. But I think going into 2025, a squiggle of $300 million is probably a good place to start. We'll update you as we get together in a few months from now. On amortization, yeah, there's going to be a little bit of a roll-off on the Trane amortization. We'd have to look at that across the new M&A that we've done over the last few years and dial that all in. So yeah, we'll give you some more input on that over the next few months, see if there's any more M&A that comes through the balance of this year. And then on the interest side, yeah, I would say we had $237 million of guided interest expense for this year. We took out some debt proactively earlier this year just to de-risk a refinance that actually is going to come due here in a couple of days. We've held on to that cash actually this year from the bond offering we did in June. It's a net positive on net interest here. So we'll pay down that cash and pay down that bond going into next year. But maybe that number for 2024 is not far off from what we'd have for 2025. But we'll see. We'll dial it in. The good thing is that we've generated a lot of cash this year, maybe earlier than normal. It's generated a little bit more interest income as well as we've earned it this year, but we have a pristine balance sheet, very strong leverage on the balance sheet, a lot of firepower to go deploy cash, and I would say maybe for next year, interest is probably in that ballpark as 2024. That's great. Thanks, Chris. Thanks, Nigel. You're welcome. Our next question comes from Deane Dray from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Hi. Good morning. This is Sahil Manocha, on for Deane Dray. My question is, on weakness in China, understanding it's a smaller part of the business, but have you taken any write-downs of receivables or increased reserves? And how might the Chinese government stimulus actions play out? And are there any verticals in China doing particularly worse? Yeah. Why don't I start? This is Chris. The first answer is no. We've not seen any material write-downs or bad debt reserves. I think the key there is coming out of the second quarter, working with our business team in China to make sure that they were deploying these tightened credit policies really at the end of the second quarter. And so we've got orders that are waiting to be delivered, and when the cash comes in, we'll deliver them. So at this point, no, we're not seeing that. We generally play in the non-resi markets in China and largely commercial HVAC with a smaller transport business. And those are the markets that have been, as you may have seen here over the last several months, the non-resi markets have just seen a bit of a downturn. So we've been outperforming for some time. At some point, it does catch up with you a little bit. But to Dave's prior comments, we're also making sure we're focused on the long term here. We don't want to create a short-term problem that's a booking or a revenue that three, six, nine months down the road, you wind up with a problem you have to deal with. We're making sure we've got quality orders, quality customers, quality receivables, and then ultimately driving the cash. That's really helpful. And then one more on data centers. Could you provide an update on your liquid cooling investment in LiquidStack? Yeah. We continue to work with LiquidStack. We've been partners with them for an extended period of time now. I think the activity is starting to pick up there, but there's some hurdles that we're still working through with them, and we'll keep you posted. But not really any kind of an update right now as far as orders are concerned. All right. Thank you very much. Sure. Our next question comes from Andrew Obin from Bank of America. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Hey, guys. Good morning. Hey, Andrew. How are you? I am going to sort of belabor this China point a little bit more. My understanding was that for you, China was mostly industrial exposure. And I think the prior explanation for the fact that your performance in China was better because you did not have exposure to these non-residential office buildings. I just want to understand if that's the right way of thinking about it, and yeah, right, because as I said, the commercial weakness was there. Your response was, "We're not really on these commercial developments. We're playing mostly on the industrial side," but did I just understand it wrong? Think about our business in China. Think about it at 90% commercial HVAC, okay? Mostly applied systems. So you're spot on there. Look, the downturn, the markets are down, okay? That's pretty universal as to what's happening in China. But as I said earlier, Andrew, if a customer wasn't going to provide the down payment, okay, or the progress payment, even though the product was ready to be shipped, we've held it, okay? We're not going to ship it until we get that progress payment. And you saw the acute falloff in the quarter because of that. But again, long term, this is a prudent decision that we're making. And the individual before, for Deane, was asking about it, "Have we written off anything in bad debt?" And the answer is no, and we don't intend to in the future. No, I understand. But the answer is that all along your China business was mostly commercial real estate, not industrial facilities, not factories, not data centers. It's 90% commercial real estate. Just want to get that point. Is that correct? No, that's false. No. We're actually the reverse. We don't really play in the commercial real estate space. Okay? These are applied systems. So think of them as semiconductor. Think of them as industrial applications. Yeah. No, that's exactly what I was asking. Thank you. Yes, that was my understanding. Okay. Fine. So it's really industrial weakness. It's weakness outside the real estate market that's getting you down. You got it. Okay. Thank you. No, that's exactly what I was, and maybe just A2L pricing. There's been a lot of data points. I think there was a view that Daikin, right, because they use a different refrigerant, maybe it's not going to increase their prices as much. I think your peers are sort of saying high single digits around 10% maybe. What do you guys, and I apologize if I missed it, but what do you guys fall in on this A2L pricing into 2025? Yeah, Andrew. I mean, think of the introduced pricing for the new refrigerant products really being up in the high single-digit range. There is more cost associated with the products for many reasons: the refrigerant, the sensors, etc. Our target is to be margin-neutral here as we think about pricing and cost for end customers. But think of it for us up in that high single-digit range. As we guide next year, we'll dial in a little bit better based on visibility, the percentages that Dave outlined previously of how much will be 454B versus 410A. And then I know, as you know, not all of the residential product we sell is subject to the new refrigerant like furnaces. So we'll kind of walk you through. We think that price contribution is for next year, but it will be a tailwind for next year. Terrific, and I really appreciate this clarification on China. Thanks a lot. Sure. No problem, Andrew. Thanks. Our next question comes from Tommy Moll from Stephens. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Good morning, and thank you for taking my questions. Sure. How are you doing, Tommy? Good morning. Doing fine. Thank you. We've talked a lot about China, so I wanted to circle back on one of the positive topics from today, which is the backlog you've called out for 2025, which was up sequentially by a pretty large amount. And I'm just curious, as you look at the composition there, is there anything we can learn in terms of what verticals are particularly strong, why customers may be ordering a little bit earlier in the cycle than in the past? Just anything we can glean. Obviously, you've talked about next year as a strong one for commercial HVAC, but maybe if we go one layer deeper there, what can we learn? Yeah. I think, as I said earlier, think about our order rates, and I'll talk about commercial HVAC in the Americas. They're up close to 20% for the year, and it's broad-based. It's in basically all verticals, and the other thing, Tommy, that I haven't talked about is that our pipeline, so this is before something actually becomes an order, is extremely strong, right? We have very sophisticated CRM systems, so we know what's being worked on. And it is extremely strong, which gives me lots of confidence not only for the fourth quarter, but into 2025 as to what we should be expecting in that business, so I'm very bullish on 2025. We'll dial that in as we get into our fourth quarter earnings, but look, our backlog is up $300 million year-to-date. It's hard to say what's normal now, but if we looked at historical norms, it's over two and a half times what's normal. We'll go into next year with a very strong backlog, and the activity, the market activity across all verticals is very, very strong right now. Which leads to my follow-up, Dave. Office got a little airtime earlier. And so if we just discuss these commercial trends, ex data centers, which we've covered, and think about office and some of the other verticals that we don't talk about as much, am I hearing you correctly that it feels like the rest of that commercial business has actually gotten stronger in terms of the orders as 2024 has progressed? Certainly, office has. I think all of our verticals have positive growth, except for one, had positive growth on a year-over-year basis, which is encouraging. But again, it kind of comes back to who we are as Trane Technologies, right? We are very broad-based, right? Our portfolio of products and services is broad-based. We have expertise in all verticals, and it's not like we become over-indexed on any one. And I know that data centers are certainly very strong, and it will be very strong in the future. We have a great team there that works on the data center. We also have great teams that work on other verticals and have that expertise. And by the way, if they see opportunities, they're going to pivot to that opportunity and really go after it and make sure that they can win with the customer. So very strong scene right now. Backlog is very strong. Activity, this is before an order, is extremely strong, and we're bullish. Thank you, Dave. I'll turn it back. Thanks, Tommy. Our last question today will come from Noah Kaye from Oppenheimer. Please go ahead. Your line is open. Thanks. And I will keep it to one question. Dave, in the past, we've talked a little bit about a cascading impact of policies going from, say, ESSER to CHIPS and IRA. And I know there are a lot of fundamental drivers here around decarbonization and improved efficiency paybacks. But just at this point, as we look at 2025 and your comments around the pipeline of activity, to what extent are those policy impacts actually impacting the pipeline or the bookings you're seeing? Just help us level set what kind of impacts they're actually having on the business? I'm sure they have a tailwind, okay? But again, our solutions have great paybacks with or without those tailwinds. Obviously, the tailwinds make it more attractive, but we have great paybacks for whether we have a tailwind or not, like ESSER funding. Certainly, some of them have been part of the backlog. ESSER funding is a great example there where it certainly is part of our backlog. We'll be fulfilling orders all the way through for probably about the next year that's in our backlog for schools. And a lot of that has to do. I know it sounds like a long time, but remember, in schools, you tend to want to do the work when students aren't in the school. So it will be like the school season in the summer. But look, we'll see what happens with who the next party is in Washington, but we're optimistic that we'll continue to have attractive paybacks regardless of what the policies are, whether they're tailwinds or not, but we'll be successful well into the future. All right. Thanks, Dave. Appreciate it. Thanks, Noah. We are out of time for questions. I would like to turn the call back over to Zac Nagle for closing remarks. I'd like to thank everyone for joining today's call. As always, we'll be available for questions at any time. We'll also be on the road quite a bit in the fourth quarter, and we look forward to seeing many of you on the road. So have a great day. Thanks. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.