Hello, and welcome to today's Tyler Technologies Q1 2025 conference call. Your host for today's call is Lynn Moore, President and CEO of Tyler Technologies. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session, and instructions will follow at that time. In order to address your questions and stay within the allotted time, please limit your question to one question per person. You may get back into the queue for a follow-up. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded today, April 24, 2025. I would like to turn the call over to Hala Elsherbini, Tyler's Senior Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Thank you, Rob, and welcome to our call. With me today is Lynn Moore, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Brian Miller, our Chief Financial Officer. After I give the safe harbor statement, Lynn will have some initial comments on our quarter, and then Brian will review the details of our results and update our annual guidance for 2025. Lynn will end with some additional comments, and then we'll take your questions. During this call, management may make statements that provide information other than historical information and may include projections concerning the company's future prospects, revenues, expenses, and profits. Such statements are considered forward-looking statements under the Safe Harbor Provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from these projections. We would refer you to our Form 10-K and other SEC filings for more information on those risks. Also, in our earnings release, we have included non-GAAP measures that we believe facilitate understanding of our results and comparisons with peers in the software industry. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures is provided in our earnings release. We have also posted on the Investor Relations section of our website under the Financials tab a schedule with supplemental information, including information about quarterly recurring revenues and bookings. On the Events and Presentations tab, we posted an earnings summary deck to supplement our prepared remarks. Please note that all growth comparisons we make on the call today will relate to the corresponding period of last year unless we specify otherwise. Lynn? Thanks, Hala. Our Q1 results provided a strong start to the year, reflecting disciplined execution around our strategic initiatives. We exceeded expectations across key revenue and profitability metrics and achieved double-digit total revenue growth fueled by robust growth in subscription revenues. SaaS revenues grew 21%, marking our 17th consecutive quarter of SaaS growth of 20% or more. Transaction-based revenues were ahead of plan and grew 18.5%, driven by higher transaction volumes, including increased adoption and deployment of new transaction-based services. Our non-GAAP operating margin expanded to 26.8%, benefiting from efficiencies across our cloud operations, a mix shift to higher-margin SaaS revenues and away from lower-margin professional services and hardware revenues, and favorable operating expense trends. In addition, free cash flow of $48 million was ahead of our plan. Our cloud transition is driving efficiency gains through progress with version consolidation and cloud-optimized releases that enhance scalability in Tyler's next-generation cloud offering. Our cloud-first strategy further strengthens the resilience and durability of our business model. We are uniquely positioned to support our clients through their cloud journey as they embrace digital modernization and integrated technologies that prioritize efficiencies, optimize workflows, improve decision-making, and provide enhanced security. Our ability to deliver exceptionally strong results and maintain a positive outlook for the balance of the year in the midst of unpredictable macro conditions illustrates the stability of our business and the resilience of our model. While we are not completely immune to the macro conditions affecting many companies, I can say that any impacts we are currently seeing, whether from cuts in federal funding for agencies, caution around spending, or potential tariffs on hardware, are minimal and just around the margins of our businesses. We are not currently seeing any fundamental changes in demand or buying behavior. The public sector market remains active, as evidenced by RFPs and sales demonstration activity that are stable at elevated levels. Some procurement processes have slowed due to two things: one, a higher number of consultant-driven processes, which tend to elongate sales cycles; and two, additional scrutiny or uncertainty around the macro environment. These are fairly isolated and represent a minority of our pipeline. The strength of our pipeline reflects the benefits of our competitive position as the industry leader, together with a unified sales organization collaborating at heightened levels to leverage our unmatched install base, identify and secure cross-sell opportunities, and drive multi-suite deal momentum. Additionally, we continue to expand synergies across Tyler at the state level, building out sales resources with a dedicated state sales team that will serve as a strategic bridge to leverage our deep state enterprise relationships and identify and capture sales opportunities for software across Tyler. Our leadership team has experienced challenged macro environments in the past, and that experience gives us confidence in the resilience and stability of the public sector market and our business model. At the local government level, which makes up the vast majority of our revenues, budgets that support purchases from Tyler are primarily funded by property taxes in addition to utility revenues and other locally generated sources, revenue streams that tend to be reliable even in shifting economic environments. This funding stability supports consistent long-term demand driven by the need to replace aging, mission-critical systems that have reached end of life. At the state level, the majority of our transaction revenues comes through self-funded services or user fees that do not require appropriated funds from the state budget. Most of these services, like driver's license renewals, are non-discretionary and are generally not impacted by economic conditions. This year, a new acronym, DOGE, has become part of our vocabulary. While less than 5% of our revenues come from the federal government, the focus on efficiency is becoming more visible at all levels of government. We have not seen and do not currently anticipate any meaningful negative impact on our business from DOGE or similar initiatives, as the vast majority of the software and services we provide are considered essential and actually enhance efficiency. Rather than viewing these initiatives as a risk, we see opportunities in aligning with efficiency objectives such as those outlined in DOGE, which emphasize modernizing technology as a key component of maximizing government efficiency and productivity. In fact, Section 4 of the Executive Order establishing DOGE is entitled "Modernizing Federal Technology and Software to Maximize Efficiency and Productivity" and states that the USDS Administrator shall commence a software modernization initiative to improve the quality and efficiency of government-wide software, network infrastructure, and information technology systems, and that, among other things, the USDS Administrator shall work with agency heads to promote interoperability between agency networks and systems. As public sector agencies manage through the challenge of aging IT infrastructures and limited resources, we are well-positioned to support their digital modernization and efficiency initiatives with our cloud-based integrated software solutions. I'm pleased with the solid execution across Tyler supporting our four key growth pillars: completing our cloud transition, leveraging our large client base, growing our payments business, and expanding into new markets. I'd like to highlight a few Q1 wins that illustrate our progress against our growth objectives. These include a full Enterprise Justice on-premises to cloud migration with the Cleveland, Ohio, Municipal Court for approximately $800,000 in ARR. Our courts and justice team executed this SaaS flip in just one weekend following a cybersecurity incident, with operations quickly and safely restored in a new cloud environment. A five-year appraisal services privatization contract with Gwinnett County, Georgia, valued at a total of $8.7 million. A SaaS contract with Fulton County, Georgia, for Enterprise Records Management, representing $500,000 in ARR plus payments. This cross-sale deal leveraged our strong existing presence in Fulton County with our enterprise appraisal and tax and Enterprise Justice solutions. Building on our momentum from last quarter, we had seven wins for our AI-driven, priority-based budgeting solution, including the cities of Dallas, Texas, Olympia, Washington, and Bloomington, Minnesota. For the quarter, we signed a total of 106 flips to the cloud of on-premises clients, with a 28% increase in the total contract value from flips. In our state enterprise business, we secured three-year extensions for our digital government services with the states of Connecticut and New Mexico, representing more than $8 million in ARR. We signed 196 new payment deals across Tyler software clients, representing approximately $4.4 million in projected ARR. We also signed a five-year extension of our payment processing contract with the state of Florida, representing approximately $31 million in ARR. Now I'd like Brian to provide more detail on the results for the quarter and our annual guidance for 2025. Thanks, Lynn. Total revenues for the quarter were $565.2 million, up 10.3%. Subscriptions revenue increased 19.7%. Within subscriptions, SaaS revenues grew 21% to $180.1 million. Keep in mind that there is often a lag from the signing of a new SaaS deal or a flip to the start of revenue recognition that can vary from one to several quarters. Because of this, as well as the timing of SaaS renewals and related price increases, SaaS revenue growth, both year-over-year and sequentially, may fluctuate from quarter to quarter. Transaction revenues grew 18.5% to $194.9 million, driven by higher transaction volumes from both new and existing clients and increased adoption and deployment of new transaction-based services, as well as rate increases by third-party payment processing partners. Total bookings for Q1 were down 1.9% year-over-year. Transaction bookings exhibited solid growth, reflecting higher payment volumes from new and existing customers, as well as new services in areas such as outdoor recreation and digital motor vehicle titling. SaaS bookings declined from last year's Q1, which we attribute to several factors. As we noted on the previous earnings call, some deals that would have signed this quarter were pulled forward into Q4 because of the year-end deadline for committing ARPA funds. While we do not believe that there has been any fundamental change in demand, as evidenced by continued strength in new RFPs and our deep pipeline, we have seen some instances of longer sales processes that we believe represent timing changes rather than cancellation of procurements. As Lynn noted, we believe that an increase in consultant-driven processes, as well as caution exhibited by some prospects in light of uncertain macroeconomic conditions, are contributing to those delays. In addition, the timing of decisions in the market has always been lumpy, and this was a quarter where there simply were fewer procurements that reached the final decision or contract stage. SaaS deals comprised approximately 96% of our new software contract value, compared to 93% last year. During the quarter, we added 138 new SaaS arrangements and signed 106 SaaS flips of existing on-premises clients, with a total contract value of approximately $67 million. In Q1 of last year, we added 200 new SaaS arrangements and had 90 flips, with a total contract value of approximately $78 million. The average ARR from new SaaS contracts was approximately $53,000, down 3% over last year. The average ARR associated with our Q1 flips was flat with last year at approximately $113,000. Our total annualized recurring revenue was approximately $1.95 billion, up 13.3%. Our non-GAAP operating margin expanded 26.8%- 26.8%, up 300 basis points from last year. The margin expansion reflects the impact of our cloud efficiency initiatives, a positive change in our revenue mix with lower professional services and hardware, along with leverage in operating expenses. As we discussed on previous calls, merchant and interchange fees from our payments business under the gross revenue model have a meaningful impact on our overall margins, as they are included in both revenues and cost of revenues. We incurred merchant fees of approximately $50 million in Q1, compared to $42 million last year. Cash flows from operations and free cash flow were ahead of plan at $56.2 million and $48.3 million, respectively. We ended the quarter with $600 million of convertible debt outstanding and cash and investments of approximately $810 million and net leverage of zero. In light of our strong Q1 results and our positive outlook for the balance of the year, we have revised our annual guidance for 2025 as follows. We expect total revenues will be between $2.31 billion and $2.35 billion. The midpoint of our guidance implies organic growth of approximately 9%. We expect GAAP-diluted EPS will be between $7.50 and $7.80 and may vary significantly due to the impact of discrete tax items on the GAAP effective tax rate. We expect non-GAAP-diluted EPS will be between $11.05 and $11.35. Our estimated non-GAAP tax rate for 2025 is expected to be 22.5%. We expect our free cash flow margin will be between 24% and 26%, including an estimated impact of approximately $40 million of cash taxes related to Section 174. We expect research and development expense will be in the range of $193 million-$198 million. Other details of our guidance are included in our earnings release and in the Q1 earnings deck posted on our website. I'd like to add some additional color around our guidance. While the annual growth ranges for most of our revenue lines are unchanged from our previous guidance, we now expect that transaction revenues will grow between 12% and 14%, with merchant fees essentially flat year-over-year. This increase reflects the higher transaction volumes and rate increases that positively impacted the Q1, as well as an expectation that some payment services under the Texas contract may extend beyond August. We now expect that revenues for the year under the Texas contract will be approximately $37 million, compared to $45 million last year. We also expect that sales and marketing expense for the year will decline 2%-4% due to alignment of sales compensation structures across Tyler. Excluding merchant fees that are absorbed under the gross revenue model, expected transactions growth in 2025 at the midpoint of our guidance would be approximately 17%, and total growth would be approximately 10%. Now I'd like to turn the call back over to Lynn. Thanks, Brian. Our team members continue to deliver results and execute at a high level against our strategic roadmap leading toward our Tyler 2030 vision. Our exceptionally strong results in the midst of unpredictable macroeconomic conditions illustrate the stability of our business and the resilience of our model. We provide solutions that manage mission-critical functions across an extensive client base that offers tremendous long-term cross-sale opportunities, and our recurring revenues, which comprise 86% of our total, have proven to be very sticky. In this environment of heightened focus on government efficiency and digital transformation, we are uniquely positioned to help governments at all levels achieve their goals. We continue to prioritize innovation and are making meaningful progress with our AI initiatives as we invest in innovation to empower the public sector. We are taking an intentional and responsible approach centered on three core pillars: productivity, decision-making, and service delivery. Our singular focus on the public sector allows us to leverage decades of experience to deliver software and services that empower our clients to create smarter, safer, and stronger communities. We look forward to highlighting our AI strategy at Tyler Connect 2025, which will be held in San Antonio from May 11th to May 14th. Some 5,500 Tyler clients and nearly 900 Tyler team members will gather to learn, share best practices, collaborate, and network. We look forward to seeing many of you there, including at our investor session at Connect on May 12th. We will review our progress since our 2023 Investor Day, with plans to host a full Investor Day next year. We also look forward to introducing our recently appointed Chief Client Officer, Andrew Call, at Connect. Andrew's focus on enhancing client experience and building upon our One Tyler client-centric approach is vital to creating seamless client experiences across Tyler's vast public sector client base and to achieving our 2030 vision. I'd like to highlight additional recent leadership transitions and promotions. Jeff Green has announced his intent to retire this June. Throughout his 22-year career with Tyler, Jeff has provided invaluable leadership and expertise, most recently as our Chief Technology Officer. Russell Gainford has been appointed to succeed Jeff as Chief Technology Officer, where he now oversees the strategic leadership of our technology organization. Russell's vision for Tyler's technology discipline is an organizational structure that serves the needs of our clients, market, and business leaders. Joining Russell in this effort is Franklin Williams, with an expanded role as Deputy Chief Technology Officer. He will work directly with Russell to drive our common technology strategy, developer experience, and adoption of emerging technologies, including AI. Lastly, we recently published our sixth annual corporate responsibility report on our website. We are proud to share updates on our ongoing efforts that are aligned to our broader strategic objectives and invite you to review the report to learn more about our corporate governance achievements, team member initiatives, and company impact. Now we would like to open the line for Q&A. We will now begin the question and answer session. To enter a question into the question queue, please press Star 1 on your touch-tone phone. If you are using a speakerphone, please pick up your handset and then press the Star key and the number 1. To withdraw your question, again, press Star 1. As a reminder, please limit your question to one question so we may stay within the allotted time. We will pause momentarily to assemble our roster. Your first question comes from the line of Kirk Materne from Evercore ISI. Your line is open. Yeah, thanks very much. Thanks, Lynn and Brian. Good to talk to you. Lynn, maybe just two. I'll ask them just consecutively. I guess first for you, Lynn, obviously you guys have been through a lot of macro cycles. What's the leading indicator you're looking at just in terms of sort of the health of the business? You guys mentioned your RFPs in particular, but I was just wondering if you could add a little color to what you're keeping an eye on just to make sure that the macro sort of volatility is not seeping into sort of customer thought processes. Then Brian, for you, the ARR number was also down a little bit this quarter, year-over-year. I assume it sort of plays into that broader commentary you had on SaaS deals, but I was wondering if you could just add a little bit more color on that as well. Thanks. Yes, sure, Kirk. That's a good question. You're right. We have been through, some of us have been here a long time. We've been through some of these cycles. What we do is, look, we get together every quarter. We get with our sales teams. They give us an outlook. We track, going back multiple quarters, RFP activity, demo activity, deals that are not happening without RFPs. Those are the things we focus on. Our RFP activity has been elevated for the last couple of years, and it's staying steady at that level. Our demo activity, similarly, is steady and in some cases actually up. We're not seeing any real major impact from the macro environment right now. There's a few fringe things around DOGE that we can talk about, but generally speaking, the environment from what we're seeing sitting here today remains largely unchanged from what we've been seeing the last 18 months or two years. To your question about ARR, you're correct that any changes really related to the decline in year-over-year lower bookings in the SaaS side, which I mentioned the reasons for. Your next question comes from a line of Ken Wong from Oppenheimer. Your line is open. Perfect. Thanks for taking my question. I guess this would go to Lynn or Brian, but on that softer booking side, you guys called out kind of consultant deals, maybe seeing a little bit of a push-out. Any reason to think that that could materialize into something more concerning? I mean, what's your confidence that those deals will get over the finish line versus, I mean, we've seen the headlines with significant slashes in IT services and just love any color there from either of you. Yeah, I'll start, Ken. I would say generally, and if you go back historically, we also don't talk about contracts that have been awarded and not signed yet. We mentioned a few different things on bookings. One was we did pull forward some deals at the end of Q4, particularly in our public administration suite. Our justice suite generally tends to be a little more lumpy, but I have pretty good confidence that some of that lumpiness from Q1 will actually come back in Q2. I would say the consultant thing is more anecdotal than really a driving factor right now. I think generally, again, I just mentioned it in my response to Kirk. Every quarter, we get together, look at the results of the business, but we spend a lot of time from our sales leaders diving down, looking at their plans, looking at the deals that were closed, looking at the pipeline, looking at the awards that we have, seeing where we track against our internal plans. Sitting here today, I would say Q1 was more of an anomaly than it was something of a trend. Your next question comes from a line of Terry Tillman from Truist Securities. Your line is open. Yeah, hey, Lynn, Brian at Hala. Hopefully, you can hear me okay. It's a question that might actually be two parts, but sorry about that ahead of time. Just one thing is on the bookings, it was good to see the contract value on flips up though year-over-year. The new deals, obviously, it was down year-over-year. As you look through the rest of the year, in terms of visibility and just kind of execution risk and what seems kind of easier to plan for, how does it feel on the flip side versus new SaaS bookings? Brian, the contract duration that was 2.7 years, that definitely came down from Q4. Anything to think about going forward? Thank you. Yeah, I'll start, Terry. On the flip side, I think we're generally on pace as I look out for the rest of the year. I don't see any change from our internal plan from where we started the year. There's always differences in different parts of the business, but we're seeing, for example, in the court space, we're starting to see more and more interest in our flips. We highlighted recently our state of Idaho flip. Once you start getting some of that kind of traction, we're starting to see more interest there. On the flip side, I think we're fine. On SaaS, again, a little bit of softness this quarter, but it's not softness in the market. It was more softness around timing. Yeah, on the average duration, it just bounces around a little bit from quarter to quarter. Our standard sort of standard term is three years. This quarter, there were deals that ranged from one year to five years. I think generally we're going to be clustered around that three-year average, but just the mix on individual client preference can affect how we move around that standard three-year number. Your next question comes from a line of Michael Turrin from Wells Fargo Securities. Your line is open. Hey, great. Thanks. Appreciate you taking the question. I want to just try to tie some of the comments together. We're getting questions on the bookings and new deal metrics from Q1. Lynn mentioned some Q4 pull forward. It sounds like maybe it's more that than the consulting commentary that may have had an impact on Q1. On the consulting commentary, is there anything you see internally that you can do on your side to just work around any impacts there on the fringe given you're more focused on software? I think the public sector spend focus is more on software than services spend. I'm just wondering if there are any plays you can run that just can help continue to build on some of the momentum you're citing with RFPs. Thank you. Yeah, Michael, I'll start. I'll reiterate. The comment on the consultants is, again, more anecdotal. I don't think that's a major driver. Obviously, all of our business isn't done through RFP, but that's where it flows through. We talked about it at the end of Q4 back in February. We had a few deals that were pulled forward as some of our clients were trying to use ARPA funds before the deadline. I think a lot of it has just been the business is there. What we've seen in certain parts of our business, awards have delayed a little bit, but we've also continued to see the lumpiness in some of our other deals. I want to emphasize that as we look out to the year and we look out on our internal sales goals, a little bit of soft bookings is not causing a concern for me. I think you'll see a pickup of some of these deals that we've been awarded, but not yet reach contract stage in Q1, falling Q2. Just to clarify around the consultant comment, we're referring to where a prospect is using a third-party consultant like Gartner to manage the procurement process or assist them in the procurement process. We're not referring to where the deal is being where we're a sub to a systems integrator or a consultant in terms of the services delivery. It's really how the procurement is being managed by the prospect. Your next question comes from a line of Alexei Gogolev from J.P. Morgan. Your line is open. Hello everyone. Lynn, if I may ask one more question about the flips. I think in the past, you suggested that you had about 400 flips last year, and we're hoping to see about 550 this year with 106 in Q1. Are you still on track for that 550 target? I think, Alexei, I think we're—I don't have that right in front of me. Flips vary from quarter to quarter. Our flips are up. What are they up from last year? Up 18% in number. If that holds, we'll be pushing close to 500. I think importantly, we're also on track with our flip dollars for the year. Yeah, I don't think we set an exact target number that specific, but we did talk about an expectation of being in the averaging 120-130 a quarter for the year, but not necessarily sequential or on a straight line kind of a trajectory. I think largely we expect our expectations around flips for the year have not changed. Your next question comes from a line of Joshua Riley from Needham. Your line is open. All right. Thanks for taking my question. If we look at the payments business, volumes were quite strong this quarter. How much have driver vehicle history record pulls maybe influenced that growth improvement? Is there any unusual transaction activity we should be considering in Q1? Do you expect a normal sequential increase in transaction volumes peaking in Q2 with historical trends? Thanks, guys. Yeah, I think seasonally there's not really any change in that normal pattern. Driver history records are kind of flat. That really hasn't been a big driver in transactions. The strength was kind of evenly split in terms of the increase over last year between the state market, so our digital services, formerly NIC division, plus e-filing. We've seen strength in e-filing. We've got some of the new services like the California Parks deal that wasn't there last year that's now contributing. We saw strong performance in Florida around our payments contract there, as well as in Texas. We also have had some digital titling services revenues come online. All those have contributed to strength in the state payments market. Local market, as we've called out the new deals that we've added in recent quarters, as those come online, those are continuing to, that to both deployments of new customers and added adoption with existing customers has contributed to strength there. There has been some impact that we expect to continue through the year from rate increases by third-party payment partners. Your next question comes from a line of Saket Kalia from Barclays. Your line is open. Okay, great. Hey, guys, thanks for taking my question here. Brian, maybe for you, just given all the questions on SaaS bookings or SaaS new ARR, I was wondering if we could unpack that just a little bit. Maybe the question is, if you had to estimate, how much do you think was sort of pulled forward in Q4 roughly? Is there a way to think about how much was maybe awarded this quarter, but was not contracted, which maybe adds to some of that lumpiness? Does that make sense? Yeah, it does. I'd say it's hard to tell exactly, just like it's hard to tell exactly how much deal volume is directly attributed to ARPA. I'd generally say it's probably in the $10 million range of bookings, give or take, that was pulled forward into last year's Q4. The second part of the question, we really don't disclose awards that are not signed. Further to Lynn's comment, especially in the courts business, we have a number of those, and those indicators give us confidence that in certain areas of our business that we're a little lighter in Q1 in terms of timing of bookings that we'll see those come back in Q2. I'd say on top of that too, there's business out there that for whatever reason we expected awards and contracts in Q1, and the award hasn't happened. It's not just that we've had awards that didn't get the contract, but we're also still waiting on some awards that we expected to happen in Q1. Your next question comes from a line of Charles Strauzer from CJS Securities. Your line is open. Hi, good morning. Just looking at the R&D line and the guidance this quarter versus the guidance you gave initially last quarter, it seems to be another pretty good jump in R&D spend. Any more color you can shed on that? Yeah, we talked about some of the drivers when we gave our initial guidance around the increases in R&D. As we talked about earlier, there's a shift as we redeploy people out of cost of sales expense onto the R&D line. That's largely unchanged from our original expectation around $35 million of a shift there. We also have some cost development expense that were resources that were devoted to capitalize projects last year that are now being expensed. Really the change from our initial guidance to now is that we, which affects the GAAP R&D number, but not the non-GAAP R&D number, is that we now are recording the stock compensation expense associated with those R&D employees in R&D. In the past, that was included in the G&A line. That's a geography change. Of course, it doesn't affect the non-GAAP number. Your next question comes from a line of Rob Oliver from Baird. Your line is open. Great. Thank you, guys. Appreciate it. Good morning. Lynn, just a two-part question for you just around some high-level trends. I guess first around ARPA, I just would be curious to hear from you. There is some chatter coming from D.C., particularly around the Department of Education around attempts to claw back some of the ARPA funds that have been already allocated. The Trump administration has made clear they want to get some of that money back. I just would be curious to hear, I know you guys have some exposure to schools, and what you're hearing there generally. Is that the reason perhaps for some slightly slower contract activity? I just wanted to check on the federal side for you guys on the BPM side. Just if you guys have done any audit of that business to understand how you guys sit relative to DOGE. I know it's a very small portion of your business going back to 2019 acquisition. Just wanted to check the box that we're comfortable there. Thank you for both. Appreciate it. Yeah, thanks, Rob. We're not hearing anything from our clients that would suggest that anything that's been funded by ARPA would be clawed back. Again, we can't always specifically identify whether a deal was funded specifically by ARPA. There are isolated incidents where we can. A lot of times, what we talked about in the past, it was more freeing up also other resources. We did have one really small deal with the Department of Education that was in our federal space that was terminated. That thing was maybe a $100,000 deal, give or take. Not really seeing anything there. I'm trying to remember what was the second question. Yeah, just broadly around our federal book of business. Yeah. There, Rob, I mean, we've seen, first of all, as you pointed out, federal is less than 5% of our revenue. We've had a handful, literally four, five, maybe five terminations in the federal space, all adding up to less than $1 million. It's kind of the usual suspects. The Department of Education, I just mentioned, HHS, USAID, that doesn't come as much of a surprise. Again, these were very small deals. We're watching another maybe $1 million or so to see, but again, pretty minimal, which is also reflective of the size of the materiality to our business. Your next question comes from a line of Jonathan Ho from William Blair. Your line is open. Hi, good morning. Just wanted to better understand sort of your commentary around what's happened with some of the transaction fee increases and pass-throughs, as well as the Texas contract, and maybe what your expectations are going forward. Thank you. Yeah, as you know, we have a variety of payment streams around transactions or revenue streams around transactions and payments. In some cases, we have existing relationships with third-party payment processors that basically we act as a reseller for that we get a revenue share from. To the extent that those third-party processors from time to time have rate increases or fee increases, that in turn flows through to our revenue share, they're somewhat unpredictable. We have seen a history in the last couple of years of those increasing, and we saw some of those increases that were a little above what our expectation was hit this quarter. That'll flow through for the rest of the year. That's now built into our model. In terms of Texas, I guess two things. One, volume. As with many of our payment processing volumes, Texas did have a little above our planned volumes this quarter. That contributed to some of our transaction revenue outperformance. As they work through their transition with our contract to the new provider, it appears that some of the timing of that will go beyond, for some of the services, will go beyond that August 30th, the 31st contract deadline. We do have an extension in place that provides a structure where, if necessary, we can continue to provide some of those services during that transition period. We will see how that timing plays out. Some of those revenues could extend a little bit beyond the end of August. Yeah, Jonathan, just to follow up on that, the extension was signed for August of next year, but the expectation still is that Texas will move away by the end of the year with most of the services still winding down really through September and maybe some smaller ones continuing through December. Perhaps adding another $3 million-$3.5 million of low-margin revenue, as you know, to our top line this year. Your next question comes from a line of Gabriela Borges from Goldman Sachs. Your line is open. Hey, good morning. Thank you. Lynn and Brian, your comments throughout the last 45 minutes have been very consistent in saying the areas where you see an impact from DOGE or from consulting or from deal scrutiny, all of those areas are very small. My question for you is, how do you think about the risk that some of these fringe issues on the margin become more mainstream as we go through the year? What would be a scenario where you see more of an impact as we go through the year, and how do you think about sizing that? Thank you. Yeah, Gabriela, I mean, obviously, we talk about it. We keep an eye on it regularly. We've been keeping an eye on it for the last several quarters. We see areas where there are potential. At the same time, we're also in contact with our clients, and the feedback we're getting from our clients is giving us the comfort to make the commentary we're making today. I'll give you one anecdotal piece. For example, one of our clients in Arizona who was talking about DOGE and the potential impacts of DOGE there was talking about how they may be required to cut some services, but what that's going to do is require them to have more automation and, in fact, want to buy more of our products. Right now, we're just watching it, but we're also in contact with our clients, and that's sort of the basis for our commentary today. Your next question comes from the line of Alex Zukin from Wolfe Research. Your line is open. Hey, guys. Thanks for taking the question. I guess maybe just a two-parter for me. On new SaaS deals versus on-premise SaaS flips, should we assume that new SaaS deal ARR versus last year is going to be a little bit less around some of the pause and caution that you called or saw in Q1? Will conversions, the flips drive more of the SaaS growth this year than new SaaS deals? Kind of leading from that, if you look at the outperform, if you look at the performance of SaaS, maybe help us just a little bit shape the year on the SaaS revenue line. What are the puts and takes to kind of hitting the low end versus the high end of your full-year guide on the SaaS revenue line? I'd say on the SaaS revenue guide that current-year sales don't have as big an impact on the current-year revenue, given the lag from the time we sign something to the time that we start to see that revenue stream hit the income statement. The biggest driver around the variability of where we fall within that revenue guidance range is really around the flips, both the number of the flips and the timing of the flips, which quarter they hit in and how quickly we're able to start to see those revenue streams. We've talked about an expectation that the number of flips and the dollar value of flips will grow this year and continue to grow over the next couple of years. That will be a bigger contributor to the SaaS bookings growth. We do expect, we do not give guidance on bookings, but I would not say that we expect SaaS bookings for the year to be down. Last year was a very strong year for SaaS bookings. As we said, the RFP level, the pipeline remains very solid, including with some larger deals in it. The last couple of quarters, we have not seen those big deals, but they can be very lumpy. I would not necessarily expect that SaaS bookings will actually be down for the year. Again, if you'd like to ask a question, press star one on your telephone keypad. Your next question comes from the line of Keith Housum from Northcoast Research. Your line is open. Good morning. Hey, Brian, I just want to revisit the comment you made regarding the sales and marketing expenses being down. I think it was 2%-4% year-over-year. Perhaps can you provide a little more color on that, and did it have a benefit in the first quarter in what you guys are doing there? Yeah. We are expanding. We've talked about some of our expansion of sales resources in terms of adding a dedicated state sales team that will be coming online this year. There are some increases in expenses. We're being pretty thoughtful about how we spend some of our other sales and marketing dollars. The biggest impact driving that reduction for the year is around commissions expenses. Under GAAP, certain commissions expenses, most commissions expenses, are required to be capitalized and amortized over the period they benefit, which for us is now a five-year period. As we've restructured some of our sales compensation structure, and we've talked about changes we've made generally in some of the sales compensation as we look to standardize across Tyler in an effort to further support cross-sell activities. That has resulted in some sales compensation expense that was formerly expensed in the current period now being capitalized under GAAP. That change from last year is primarily responsible for that reduction in sales and marketing expense. That concludes our question and answer session. I will now turn the call back over to Lynn Moore for closing remarks. Thanks, Rob. Thanks, everybody, for joining us today. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact Brian Miller or myself. Thanks, everybody. Have a great day. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.