Good morning, and welcome to the UnitedHealth Group second quarter 2026 earnings conference call. A question and answer session will follow UnitedHealth Group's prepared remarks. As a reminder, this call is being recorded. Here is some important introductory information. This call contains forward-looking statements under U.S. federal securities laws. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical experience or present expectations. A description of some of the risks and uncertainties can be found in the reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the cautionary statements included in our current and periodic filings. This call will also reference non-GAAP amounts. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP to GAAP amount is available on the Financial and Earnings Reports section of the company's investor relations page at www.unitedhealthgroup.com. Information presented on this call is contained in the earnings release we issued this morning and in our Form 8-K dated July 16th, 2026, which may be accessed from the investor relations page of the company's website. I will now turn the conference over to the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of UnitedHealth Group, Stephen Hemsley. Thank you. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. Our second quarter results and updated full year 2026 outlook demonstrate continuing progress toward delivering more consistent and dependable performance. They are a sign of stronger broad-based performance disciplines taking hold in each of our businesses and a restless desire to drive mission-aligned change across the enterprise and advance our social impact. UnitedHealthcare has improved performance in its Medicare businesses through thoughtful benefit planning and design, all while remaining respectful of persistently elevated medical costs. Our Medicaid business is in line with expectations as we continue to work with states on ensuring appropriate rates. Our commercial benefits business, consistent with the broader and more diverse commercial market it serves, continues to experience higher than expected cost trends due to factors Tim Noel will discuss shortly. At Optum, we're seeing building momentum from Optum Health as the business re-centers back to its integrated value-based care delivery model. This resulted in another quarter of improved care management and greater operating discipline. Optum Rx continues to perform the plan as transparency initiatives we announced early this year resonate well in the marketplace. Optum Insight, also on plan, remains on a multi-year path of reinvestment and innovation as we bring modern intelligent technologies and services to the areas of greatest need in the health system. We believe Optum Insight is exceptionally well positioned to help modernize and simplify the health system as it brings AI-enabled tools and services to market. Across the enterprise, we're focused on serving consumers and care providers in ways that are reliable, affordable, and transparent. That requires us to pay close attention to areas where the system isn't working well enough. Areas including care approvals, accuracy of information and speed of response, access and scheduling, digital services, care path navigation, and more. We are committed to making the health system work better for all stakeholders by simplifying processes, by being clearer, more consistent, and faster in the experience we offer, and by redesigning and modernizing that experience altogether. AI technology is helping us move faster. We're using it to improve service interactions, reduce administrative burden, and support better decision-making, always in service of improved experiences and outcomes for both patients and care providers. UnitedHealth Group has a long history of evolving to meet the needs of a constantly changing U.S. health system. That evolution today includes a tech-forward view actively and appropriately embracing an AI paradigm for our businesses, a management team with skills and vision to help in building a more advanced health system, and an ever-evolving organizational structure and culture aligned to that system. Our operating structure today broadly reflects a set of highly regulated benefit businesses and a complementary set of products and services for patients, care providers, and customers. We will continue to look to build and evolve ahead of the health system itself. We're making solid early progress, both in how we better approach those we serve and in our results. We have much more work ahead and need to continue to get better by focusing on what matters most with solid management and execution disciplines aligned to our mission to better serve people and the health system itself. With that, I'll turn it over to Tim Noel. Thanks, Steve. The pricing, benefit design, and market actions we've taken over the past year have been central in supporting our second quarter results and improved full-year outlook. As you have seen, UnitedHealthcare's overall performance in the second quarter exceeded expectations, driven by better results in Medicare Advantage, while commercial benefits remain pressured. I'll start with medical costs. Through the first half of the year, we are seeing divergence within our portfolio. Medical cost trends in Medicare are still running well above historical levels, but below our expectations so far in 2026. A primary reason for trend being below our expectations in Medicare is our own initiatives, including benefit design, care management models, and network curation. Other factors have an influence as well, including prior year development, a more favorable respiratory season, and weather patterns. We expect the 2026 Medicare medical cost trend to come in below our initial estimate of around 10%. Commercial costs are stubbornly high, rising above expectations, which we believe is consistent with what is being experienced across the sector. Turning to the overall performance of our individual benefit offerings. Medicare delivered a strong second quarter. Membership retention was better than previously anticipated. We now expect full-year Medicare Advantage enrollment to decline by approximately 1.1 million and Medicare margins to finish 2026 above 3%. Looking to our 2027 bids, our benefit planning remains disciplined and grounded in the current trend environment. We will continue to support program and margin stability through actions including benefit adjustments and selective changes in market participation. In Medicaid, overall performance during the quarter, including cost trend, was broadly in line with expectations. We are beginning to see early signs of improvement from initiatives including those targeting elevated behavioral health cost trends, but we expect Medicaid margins to remain pressured for 2026. Our focus is on closing the gap between lagging reimbursement rates and underlying medical cost trends while continuing to partner closely with states to support the long-term sustainability of Medicaid benefits and support them in identifying and reducing fraud, waste, and abuse. Within our commercial offerings, as I noted, we are not yet seeing evidence of cost trend moderation. In fact, it is the opposite, with medical cost trends modestly above 11% level we previously saw. The primary drivers of pressure from the independent resolution process under the No Surprises Act, which applies only to commercial plans, and more aggressive billing practices among providers, especially higher service and coding intensity and higher cost per encounter that result from the more fee-for-service orientation of commercial plans. At this distance, commercial margin recovery will remain a focus area longer than originally anticipated. Returning to UnitedHealthcare as a whole, we are confident in being able to deliver meaningful earnings growth in 2026 and into 2027 with the reinvestments we are making in the business to build a stronger, more durable foundation for 2027 and beyond. Of equal, if not more importance, we remain intent on modernizing essential healthcare experiences to improve how consumers and care providers experience the health system. For example, in the quarter, we committed to eliminating, by the end of this year, 30% of prior authorization volume and nearly two-thirds of prior authorization requirements for pediatric care. We continue to take concrete steps to reduce complexity and increase speed by further simplifying prior authorization, increasing consumer responsive digital experiences, providing greater support to rural hospitals and care providers, offering more consumer-centered product innovation, and much more. AI is both an enabler and accelerant to this effort. We're early in this work, but clearly on the path to improve the healthcare experience and strengthen relationships with our stakeholders, starting with consumers and care providers. We're confident these efforts will bolster UnitedHealthcare's long-term performance and market position. Now let me hand it to Patrick Conway. Thanks, Tim. As Steve noted, we are seeing positive momentum across Optum, with all three business segments performing in line or ahead of plan through the first half of the year. Optum Health is intently focused on improving its clinical care and operational experience to better serve the 20 million people we care for through primary and specialist care, ambulatory surgery, and home health. Over the last year, we have made significant changes in how we operate this business locally and nationally and are seeing the initial benefits of this approach. We are steadfast in our intent to optimize an integrated value-based care system that benefits patients, care providers, and taxpayers. On the clinical side, we're advancing approaches that better support care providers and drive measurable improvements to patient care at lower cost. I'll offer a few examples. First, enhanced support for patients during key transitions of care has resulted in approximately 10% reduction in hospitalizations since implementation late last year in the Western and Southern regions of Optum Health. Second, home health initiatives to better support patients as they return home, where they can be managed more comfortably and effectively, have reduced readmissions. In pilots, the effort has driven a more than 20% improvement in timely care delivery alongside reductions in acute care utilization and shorter skilled nursing facility stays. Third, in rural health, we've expanded access to care by integrating house calls and home-based care capabilities coupled with treat-in-place offerings for patients with complex chronic and behavioral health conditions. Today, Optum Health reaches nearly 90% of U.S. counties and conducts approximately 2.5 million rural patient home visits. We will expand these programs across our Optum Health footprint by the end of 2026. On the operational side of Optum Health, we have established a clear regional and national management focus. This gives us greater and more timely visibility into performance, driving consistent, best-in-class standards across the portfolio, and deploying technologies to support clinicians in the important work they do. There is real progress on the rollout of AI-based ambient listening capabilities, available to 70% of our employed providers today and on track to exceed 90% by year-end. Collectively, these actions are yielding tangible results. Patient experience in our care delivery sites is up approximately 5% year-over-year, and patient access has expanded by nearly 200,000 more patient-facing hours. We are in the early stages of these efforts. Optum Health will build upon this foundation with additional investments in clinical workflow improvements and network performance, more deeply embedding AI and automation to further improve operational performance and clinician experience. Additionally, we entered the 2027 benefit planning season very differently than years past, starting with much earlier proactive collaboration with all our payer partners. This will translate to greater care coordination for patients while more appropriate aligning rates and risk. As our plans and initiatives begin to mature and scale, with disciplined execution, we expect margins to continue to steadily improve. Turning to Optum Rx. For a few years now, we have been leading an industry-wide shift towards transparency and fee-based services, where we are delivering affordability and better outcomes regardless of pricing structure. That's why we continue to win new customers and retain existing ones, with retention rates in the high 90s. In May, we announced a new pharmacy care approach based on monthly per-member fees with full PBM and GPO fee transparency and enhanced consumer tools. Client feedback has been positive and focused on how greater transparency and clinical alignment can address trend challenges, shifting the conversation to affordable health outcomes versus economic guarantees. This all builds on our industry-leading commitment last year to pass through 100% of manufacturer rebates to customers by the end of 2027. We are well on our way, as we expect to end 2026 with more than 95% of clients on 100% pass-through. Moving to Optum Insight. AI-enabled approaches continue to gain traction as more payer and provider customers seek differentiated capabilities to drive better performance. The emerging suite of products includes solutions such as AI-enabled coding, real-time payer and provider interfaces, and clinical quality and safety support. These products are driving real impact for customers, making healthcare simpler, faster, better, and more affordable. For example, Value Connect is an AI-driven insights platform integrated into provider workflows and electronic health records to improve value-based care performance. Early client results include a 17% reduction in pharmacy costs. Bringing this all together, halfway through the year, we have made steady progress in each of our Optum businesses and will continue to find ways to better serve patients, providers, and customers. I'll now turn it over to Wayne DeVeydt. Thank you, Patrick, and good morning, everyone. I will briefly review second quarter results, discuss expectations for the remainder of the year as we refresh our 2026 guidance. Overall, the quarter and full-year outlook reflect improved performance across our businesses, with notable improvements in UnitedHealthcare and Optum Health. UnitedHealth Group reported adjusted earnings per share of $6.38, compared to $4.08 in the prior year. Total revenues were $112 billion, largely consistent with the prior year, while operating earnings of $8 billion grew 55% year-over-year. This improvement reflects product and portfolio actions taken over the past 12 months, along with more focused and consistent management disciplines. Turning to medical costs. Our reported medical care ratio of 86.7% includes $860 million of net favorable prior period medical development, the majority of which is in-year development. This compares to 89.4% in 2Q 2025. Days claims payable was 47 days, up approximately 2.5 days from a year ago. The operating cost ratio was 12.7% for the quarter, compared to 12.3% a year ago, as we continue to focus on operating discipline while making targeted investments across technology, AI, care delivery enhancements, customer experience, and advancing healthier communities through the United Health Foundation. Moving to cash flows and our balance sheet. Operating cash flows in the quarter were approximately $11 billion, or 1.9x net income, reflecting timing of substantial government payments and strong earnings. This provides capital to strengthen the balance sheet, invest in growth, and return value to shareholders. Through mid-July, we have deployed $4 billion for repurchases of 11.4 million shares. We now expect to complete total share repurchases of at least $5 billion in 2026, compared to initial guidance of $2.5 billion. During the quarter, we returned $2.1 billion to shareholders through our dividend, which our board increased to $9.28 per share on an annualized basis. Lastly, on July 2nd, we successfully closed the previously announced combination with Alegeus. Our debt to capital ratio was 41.2% at the end of the quarter, compared to 44.1% one year ago, and 170 basis point sequential improvement from the first quarter of this year. We remain on track to reduce our debt to capital ratio to approximately 40% by the end of 2026. As you saw earlier this morning, we have updated our full year 2026 guidance to reflect performance through the first half of the year and a more mature understanding of expected membership mix and utilization patterns for the remaining six months. We continue to be respectful of medical trend, and we believe this refreshed outlook appropriately balances risk and investments with durable run rate earnings. A few areas of this outlook to highlight. We're providing new adjusted earnings per share guidance range of $19.50 to $20, with slightly more earnings in 3Q relative to 4Q. We are increasing the full-year operating earnings outlook for UnitedHealthcare to at least $12 billion and for Optum Health to at least $2.2 billion. These changes reflect operational improvement underway across the enterprise. We now expect a full-year medical care ratio of 88.1% ± 25 basis points. We expect the operating cost ratio to come in at the higher end of our previously discussed range as a result of investments in our people, communities, and AI. The overall earnings cadence for the year remains consistent with prior expectations. UnitedHealthcare earnings continue to be weighted approximately 75% to the first half of the year. Similarly, we expect nearly all of Optum Health's earnings to be recognized in the first half, with modest profit in Q3, offset by modest losses in the fourth quarter due to the seasonality of the risk-based businesses. In contrast, Optum Insight and Optum Rx remain more heavily weighted towards the second half of the year, with each expected to generate approximately 55% of their full-year earnings during the back half as client implementations, growth investments, and normal business seasonality progress through the year. Overall, we're seeing a two-thirds, one-third first half to back half mix. Steve, back to you. Thanks, Wayne. Over the last few quarters, this enterprise has undertaken a broad-based effort to improve how consumers and care providers experience the health system while addressing the chronic cost trend issues driving the everyday challenges of access, affordability, and complexity. Our press release this morning has a sampling of these initiatives. Our efforts focus on essential themes: affordability, transparency, modernization, simplicity, and convenience. As the U.S. health system continues to evolve, we will evolve our approaches and our businesses as a scaled and diverse enterprise, driving integrated value-based care anchored in the first principles of the right care at the right time and in the right setting. A system where incentives are aligned to those first principles and the better health and the better cost trends that drive. Value-based care approaches are a key component of the effort to make healthcare more affordable by bending the cost trend by better aligning incentives for both consumers and care providers. Artificial intelligence technologies applied in practical ways that help people can be an accelerator to achieving that goal as we use them to literally reimagine our enterprise. You should expect us to continue along that path and pick up momentum as we better fulfill our mission with accountability to you and all stakeholders in the health system. Now we'll go to questions. Thank you, operator. The floor is now open for questions. At this time, if you have a question or comment, please press star one on your touch-tone phone. You may remove yourself from the queue by pressing star two on your touch-tone phone. We ask you to limit yourself to one question. If you ask multiple questions, we will only be answering the first question so that we can respond to everyone in the queue this morning. We'll take our first question from Justin Lake with Wolfe Research. Thanks. Good morning. Just wanted to touch on a couple of numbers. First, on Medicaid, you had talked to, -1.1%, a -1.7% margin previously. Curious, sounds like you're seeing some improvement there. Maybe you can give us some color on what you expect the year to end up. Then on commercial, can you talk about the magnitude of the cost trend pressure you're seeing here versus that 11% expectations and maybe update us on how we should think about commercial margins this year and the trajectory versus the previous assumption? I think you assumed you were going to get back to target in 2027. Thanks. Sure. Thanks, Justin. Mike, do you want to take the first one, Medicaid? Thanks, Justin. Yes. Our Q2 Medicaid performance was in line with expectations. The first half of the year has benefited from execution on affordability actions, including network curations, payment integrity actions, fraud, waste, and abuse, and identification of operating cost disciplines. Trend remains elevated, versus pre-pandemic levels, but stable with continued pressure in specialty pharmacy, home and community-based services, and behavioral healthcare services. We're also seeing a bit of an increase in trend in inpatient SNF costs as well for our complex populations. On an aggregate year-to-date rate actions through 7/1 accounting for approximately 80% of our annual revenue, we're within our expected forecast. We continue to work with our state partners on on-cycle and off-cycle rate actions, and are in active conversations for our 9/1 and 10/1 rates. We continue to believe annualized 2026 rate impacts will be in the zone of around 6%-7%, and still lagging elevated medical trend. Overall, our 2026 margins will be within our previously communicated range, as you've indicated, -1% to -1.7%, and we expect to hit that expectation for the year. Thank you for the question. Thanks, Mike. Dan Kueter, do you want to comment on commercial? Yeah. Thanks, Steve. Hi, Justin. Thanks for the question. Let me unpack a little bit for you what's going on in commercial business, as obviously trend and margin are tied together. I think it's pretty straightforward. First on trend, modestly above 11% that we were expecting, as Tim shared. There are multiple drivers. First, the ineffective IDR process that's associated with the No Surprises Act is being exploited by select providers and select geographies. It's contributing 50 basis points or so of incremental trend in 2026, now totaling at least 100 basis points of total cost. Additionally, provider coding intensity with office visits, emergency departments, and selective other care sites, being the primary drivers, is also contributing incremental trend to last year and to our expectations. Some consistent drivers continue to be pharmacy costs. I'd highlight specialty drugs reflecting both higher net costs and growth of newly covered indications. Anti-inflammatory and GLP-1s are part of that mix, as you would expect. Lastly, on the utilization and care patterns, we're not seeing any other areas of meaningful offset or pullback in those categories. Now the impact of that trend environment on our margins. We came into 2026 planning for margin expansion, as you highlighted, and simply put, we're not yielding the full margin expansion for which we'd planned in 2026. I see 2026 as a delay to that margin recovery trajectory, not a setback. The sticky nature of the persistent and elevated trend is extending the timeframe for full margin recovery past 2027, as we've previously discussed and you highlighted. We remain on a multi-year journey. We remain confident that that journey will result in a return to our historic margin performance of 7% or greater for the commercial group business. That performance is pacing, that recovery is built on a few things. Improved administrative cost efficiency, AI enhanced fraud, waste, and abuse efforts, and diligent focus, as always, on medical cost affordability. Thanks for the question. Thanks, Dan. It's an area we're clearly focusing on going forward. Next question, please. Our next question comes from A.J. Rice with UBS. Thanks. Hi, everybody. Obviously, the turnaround from a year ago when you came back, Steve, and restructured the team has progressed very nicely. As you sort of assess here a year into all of this, maybe just broadly, where is the turnaround pretty much done? Where are there still, in your mind, opportunities? Because I have to ask you a numbers question, how about the thought of getting back to the 13%-16% earnings growth trajectory? I know the goal had been to do that by 2028. Do you feel like you're going to do obviously better than that this year? Do you think you're on a sustainable track now to have that 13%-16% growth going forward? Yeah. I would say basically two things in that. I will say we'll remain restless. We are never going to not be in improvement and urgency mode. I don't see this kind of approach really changing. I think everybody is aligned with that, we have a great deal of work to do in front of us. This is not just about returning to a growth rate. This is also about making this company perform in levels and in areas and spaces consistent with its mission, and to really provide a positive impact to all those we serve and across the health system. That broader mission is a restless one. It's a journey, and it's not going to stop. The second, in terms of the growth rate, I don't ever believe I ever didn't believe in the 13%-16% long-term growth rate. We will have moments along the way when we don't perform to our potential. If you take a look, I think at this business approach and the challenges in the healthcare system, I think that we can grow in that growth rate, particularly recognize that it includes productivity gains and use of capital. If anything, those things have, particularly on the technology side, the opportunities there are even greater than they've been in the past. We continue to be in that mindset of that 13%-16%. Definitely believe we can perform in that range. Really never believed otherwise. We did obviously have challenges in the last couple of years, but we are addressing those challenges and returning to form, and that's kind of the way we think of it. Is that enough a response? That's great. Thanks a lot. Okay. Thank you. Next question, please. We'll go next to Stephen Baxter with Wells Fargo. Yeah. Hi, thanks. I wanted to ask about cost trend in the Medicare Advantage business. You bid for 2026 cost trends to be 100 basis points above 2025 levels. I heard you in the prepared remarks saying that trend is coming in below where you bid to, but trying to understand where you see trends sitting versus 2025, at least in the first half of the year. Then just as we think about what you assumed in the bids that you finalized a month or so ago, was that closer to the first half experience for trend or something closer to what you saw in 2025 or expected to see, I guess, going into 2026? Thank you. Sure. Tim Noel, can you comment on that? Yes. Good morning, Stephen. Thanks for the question. I'm going to just start off with just the high-level view kind of across UHC and then turn it over to Bobby for a little bit more supplemental detail on Medicare. To start, trend remains very high across the board within UHC, all product lines, when you compare to historical levels. As you know, in our benefit planning, pricing, and forecasting, we broadly plan for a continuation of what we saw last year. As noted in my opening remarks, how this is playing out across the businesses is a little different when you think about commercial Medicare and Medicaid. Dan highlighted some of the drivers leading us modestly above the 11% we're seeing there. Medicaid, again, largely in line with expectations. For Medicare, trend is coming in lower than our planning assumptions. However, it's really important to note this does not represent an inflection point in trend. We're continuing at those high levels, but it's coming in lower than our benefit planning assumptions. One other key point before turning over to Bobby that I wanted to raise is on our exchange business. Our exchange business is coming in better than our planning expectations as well. However, it has no financial impact inside of the quarter or the full year because we've made the pledge to return our profits to consumers for 2026. That is separate from the commercial trends that we've been talking about of the greater than the 11% that we historically had been guiding to. With that, I'll just turn it over to Bobby for some detail and color on Medicare. Yeah. All right. Thanks, Stephen. Maybe to go one click deeper on the Medicare piece. Important to remember how we built up the 2026 medical trend, Stephen. I'll maybe frame it in three ways for you. First, we saw elevated levels of core utilization in 2025. We talked a lot about that, and we assumed that that would continue into 2026. That was kind of the foundation. Second, we adjusted for known year-over-year increases in things like the fee schedule changes and calendar impacts. Then third, we accommodated for some level of potential unknown risk elements. We've mentioned tariffs and other things of that nature. Now, there are a few things I'd point to in terms of why trends to date are a bit lower than our original expectation. First, we've had some positive claims experience as well as in-year benefit from things like the lighter flu and respiratory season and winter storm impacts that Tim mentioned in the prepared remarks. We've also not seen the full emergence of material unknown elements at this stage. However, it's also really important to highlight that while medical trends remain high versus the historical levels, the improvement we're seeing is also the result of targeted actions that we've taken. We've done that through benefit design, product positioning that's resulted in a more favorable membership mix. We've had network curation activities focused on high-quality, low-cost opportunities with providers for our membership. We've had broad affordability initiatives. Then we continue to invest in aligned provider models like value-based care. Overall, I feel good about our assumptions for 2026, where we currently sit versus our expectations. Yet remain intensely focused on affordability given the still elevated levels of medical trend versus the historical baseline. Then to your question on 2027. Still probably a little bit too early to talk a lot of specifics there, but at the highest level, we did plan reflective of our current experience with appropriate adjustments then for things like fee schedule updates and other natural year-over-year changes. Foundationally, not expecting a meaningful deviation from the still elevated underlying core trends. Thanks for the question. Thank you. Next question. We'll move to our next question from Kevin Fischbeck with Bank of America. Great. Thanks. Maybe just kind of following back up on an earlier question about the growth rates. As we think about 13%-16% as kind of being, I guess, like a North Star growth rate for you guys, I mean, the outperformance this year is pretty dramatic. Just want to make sure that there's not something that we should be adjusting out of this baseline. Is this a good baseline to be thinking about for 2027 if you kind of assume normal growth from here, or is there anything we should be thinking about, either whether it was prior period development or outperformance that an MA that gets rebid to next year? How should we be thinking about that? Yeah, I think the quality of earnings is exceptional. Wayne, maybe you want to comment? Yeah. Good morning, Kevin. Let me start by saying I do think, as Steve highlighted, the earnings are quite durable, and we do think the $19.50 to $20 is the right stepping off point, albeit it reflects prior period development. We would say as well that, as Steve commented on the 13%-16% growth algorithm, we personally have never deviated from, and we believe that is the right starting point as you think about our stepping off point. Next question, please. We'll go next to Lisa Gill with JPMorgan. Thanks very much. Kind of following up on that question. Throughout your prepared comments, you've talked about investment spending, the SG&A in the quarter. How much of that is potentially one time, and where you could see a benefit to that going into 2027? How should I think about the investments that you're making and the benefits that you could see? Again, to your point, Wayne, is there anything that's one time in nature? Hey, Lisa. Good morning. Similar to the PPD, while that benefited us in one direction, we continue to invest in our foundation, which you could argue is one time. We don't believe that's one time, though. I think one of the things that we are targeting as a team is continuing to build that foundation out over time. We are now up to $1 billion in the foundation, which is a very important part of our commitment to our communities. That being said, Lisa, we have a number of positive momentum items, but the durability of the underlying run rate is strong, and you can see that in our cash flows. I don't think there's anything you should be carving out in either direction. I think the $19.50 to $20.00 Is the right baseline, and I think you should be thinking about the growth algorithm from that point forward. I think as you heard, recovery on commercial is going to be a little bit longer than we'd anticipated, but that should be a tailwind that we are reflecting in the future as well, along with many of our other businesses that are still not at the optimal margins. Next question, please. We'll take our next question from Andrew Mok with Barclays. Hi, good morning. Wanted to follow up on the commercial market comments. The IDR process has been in place for a number of years now. Can you help us understand why costs are accelerating now? Is that a function of win rates, dispute volume, or resolution timing? Is IDR something that you have confidence that you can price for, or are there idiosyncratic considerations that make it harder to incorporate in pricing? Thanks. Dan. Hi, Andrew. Dan Kueter again. Thanks for the question. As I said earlier, the IDR process, as part of the NSA, is ineffective. We think there's multiple reasons behind it. It has existed for some time, it continues to accelerate in the volume of disputes, and that has highlighted the deficiencies of the IDR process. Just a couple of things to point to. Upwards of 40% of all claims that enter the IDR process are ineligible for one reason or another. As volume is increased, obviously this creates cost and delay for all involved. Roughly 60% of all arbitration cases are brought by one of just five entities. That, again, is a recent concentration of disputes in a narrow number of entities. That is different than it has been in the years past. I guess further evidence of the weaknesses of the IDR process and some of the things that continue to evolve, making it dynamic and why it's changed from what it's been in the past, the average payout from arbiters, when they side with out-of-network providers, is now 11x what Medicare would pay, with some of those decisions ranging up to 30x what Medicare would pay. These numbers continue to evolve. They have accelerated. There are, of course, geographic variations to that, as in certain states, their process supersedes the federal process for insured business. It's variable across the country, but these trends in the aggregate apply to the federal IDR process associated with the NSA. Hopefully that's clear evidence. It is certainly to employers of all sizes that the IDR process is not working, certainly not as Congress intended it, and it needs to be reformed. Those are some of the inside numbers, and their accelerations into this year and where we think it needs to go. Thanks for the question. Thanks, Dan. Next question, please. We'll go next to Ann Hynes with Mizuho Securities. Great, thank you. I just want to circle back on Medicare. I know you, in the original guidance, you said trend was 10%. If you break out the levels, I believe that elevated co-utilization assumption was around 7.5%. You had just regulatory changes like the doc fix, which was another 1.5%, then you had maybe 100 basis points of unknown risk. I think you said that unknown risk is not happening, which is probably a tailwind for you. I just want to focus on that first part, that 7.5% versus 2025. Can you give us what that's tracking after the first half of 2026? I'm not sure if I missed it, but I know your original guidance had 10% cost trend in MA. What does the new guidance assume? Thank you. Tim, do you want to start? Yeah. Thanks for the question, Ann. You're right, anchoring to the 7.5%, which is what we saw in 2025. Now that has restated somewhat favorably. In Bobby's remarks, he did acknowledge that we did have an accommodation for some unknowns with respect to the environment that we saw last year as we planned for 2026, things like tariffs. We haven't needed the full accommodation for that in 2026 so far. We're still only about halfway through the year, we're going to wait to provide a new point estimate around the 2026 trend, probably until the next call, when we've seen more of the year develop. I think the bottom line is that we are seeing trend that's a little lower than what those planning expectations Were, we also feel good about our ability to take actions both in benefit planning and some of the other elements that Bobby talked about to influence that and to manage that and to promote affordability in this key program. More to come on specific point estimates as we pace through the year. Thank you. Thank you. Next question, please. We'll go to Lance Wilkes with Bernstein. Great. Thanks so much. Wanted to talk about Optum Health. Could you just talk a little about where you're seeing margins for your capitated or value-based care portion of that business as sort of a run rate level this year? Is that a trough, or is that up a little from last year? What are the actions you're taking as you're moving forward into the second half in 2027 to improve upon that as far as changes in contracting, changes in risk-taking or footprint? In general, how are you refining that model? Are you seeing a different demand for services from maybe the employer segment, other MA managed care companies as well? Thanks. Krista? Yeah. Thanks for the question, Lance. A couple things in there. First, I'll just start with your first question around just our value-based care kind of risk margins. Overall, I think the performance in the first half of the year has been strong and slightly better than we expected. Maybe I'll just kind of provide some drivers of that. The first is just overall medical. You heard in our prepared remarks us talk about the work we're doing on care management and clinical management. The efforts that we launched in the West that we talked about last quarter, scaling, maturing, and expanding into other regions. Those efforts continue to provide meaningful improvement in the business. Kind of to your question around second half, those things will continue. That was just really one example that's providing about a 10% reduction in inpatient admissions, but there are a handful of other initiatives that we continue to deploy to improve care management and medical performance. Another driver is our operating performance. Again, we talked about that in the prepared remarks, but it's worth noting all the investments we're making to improve, whether it's provider productivity, scheduling enhancements, access to care. We've expanded patient-facing hours by 200,000 hours in the first part of the year. We, again, expanding access while we're also improving patient satisfaction. Our patient satisfaction is up about 5%. We've also increased patient engagement with our high-risk population, about 6%. A handful of items that, again, I would just say will continue in the second half of the year. Our value-based care margins performing in line, but slightly better than what we would've expected. It's really coming through in our medical performance, in our operating discipline. Those items will continue. I think you also just asked about efforts with our payers and our contracting. Those continue to go very well. I'm most pleased with their commitment to value-based care. I think we are very strategically aligned with our payer partners that value-based care improves quality, it lowers the total cost of care, it improves the experience for our patients, and it improves the experience for our clinicians. Through those commitments, the first half of the year, we've focused on 2027 benefit planning, making sure we're aligned on footprint, on rates, on benefit designs. Our contracting efforts are going really, really well with the vast majority of those addressable for 2027 really complete. The second half of the year is really going to be focused on some of those post-bid strategies and making sure that we're aligned on how we go to market for 2027. Thanks so much for the question. Thank you, Krista. Next question, please. Up next is George Hill with Deutsche Bank. Good morning, and thanks for taking the question. I kind of have two quick ones, I guess. Number one is, could you talk about the surgical volumes that you guys are seeing in outpatient surgical volumes, as that seems to be a trend that has concerned investors across the space? I had a quick follow-up on the Optum Insight business, which is where you guys beat at least our expectations pretty handily in the quarter. Guidance didn't kind of increase commensurate with the beat. Would you be interested in comments on cadence as it relates to Optum Health? Krista, you want to take the first? I think specifically to the question on surgical volumes, again, those actually are pacing in line with our expectations. I think just as I spoke about the operating performance in the business in the last question, the work we're doing around operating discipline, I think, is not just in our risk-based business, but it also applies to our fee for service businesses. Again, a reminder, all of our fee for service businesses are really pointed towards and operated at higher value sites of care, like ASCs, which are generally about a third of the cost of hospital-based procedures. Again, inside that ASC business, specifically, earnings are growing in line with expectations, volumes are in line, physician recruitment, provider productivity, and really our mix of services is all in line to slightly better than what we would've expected. Thank you. Sandeep? Thank you, George. You're right. At Optum Insight, we are slightly ahead of expectations for Q2. Overall, we remain on track for our full year guidance. Q2 performance was driven by strong operational execution. Some of that actually due to the early AI investments we made in AI efficiency gains. There's also some client transaction volume that moved earlier into the year from H2 to H1, more than we expected. We continue to invest, even in the back half of this year, into new AI products and services where we see early positive momentum from customers. Combination of all this, we remain confident in our full year guidance. Overall, Optum Insight remains on a multi-year path of reinvestment and innovation, and we are looking forward to the future with excitement. Thank you. Next question, please. We'll go next to Erin Wright with Morgan Stanley. Great. Thanks so much. Can you speak a bit more specifically on AI, can some of your AI initiatives actually accelerate or drive upside to the long-term margin targets, for instance, across Optum Health in particular? Is some of that more of the near-term blocking and tackling that you're doing there? Just are those benefits from an AI perspective, is that I would assume that that builds into 2027 and it's more material in 2028 and beyond? I guess how should we think about those efforts driving even more upside relative to your long-term targets? Thanks. Sure. Well, we'll take this as a team activity, because actually AI is a very core initiative for us. We are really thinking of it in terms of reimagining our entire enterprise, virtually everything that we do, we see it basically as the operating infrastructure of the future. It really is occurring across the spectrum of our businesses. As you are suggesting in your question, this is the beginning, but it will have compounding effects as we make these investments. We continue to get this change driven into our business. It's also a real catalyst and a real opportunity in terms of the Optum Insight business to take everything that we're doing here and bringing commercial versions to the marketplace. Maybe I'll start on the UnitedHealthcare side with Tim Noel, but then we'll move to Optum and also to talk, maybe Wayne will comment a little bit at the corporate group level. Tim. Yeah. Deployment of AI and other advanced technologies like it are a key and critical focus area across UHC. Also, a big enabler of our modernization agenda that we're advancing rapidly. It's unlocking a lot of game-changing opportunities to improve consumer and care providers' experiences and make the system operate a lot more efficiently at the same time. I agree with your kind of commentary on the pacing, where we're going to see that accelerate into 2027 and even go deeper in terms of the efficiencies provided kind of across the board into 2028. As we're focused on this, you would imagine that we obviously have large-scale capital projects that we're deploying, but perhaps more importantly and significantly, we're infusing AI across all of our administrative activities. A couple of examples just to kind of bring that to light across UnitedHealthcare. First, virtually every provider and consumer interaction uses AI. AI gives us the ability to empower our advocates with predictive insights, real-time data, which all leads to more productive interactions, and importantly, also lends itself to translating some of those experiences into digital experiences that oftentimes, most times, come with better provider and consumer satisfaction as well. Also key to our ability to proactively identify members that are in distress, and reach out to them with concierge-like service models to help them through those moments. Second area is it's providing step function enhancements in our core operations. Things like very complex claims that we never before thought we would be able to automate. We're able to automate those and process those with higher accuracy than we have been able to before, which eliminates cost and also increases turnaround times, which is very important. A very encouraging element to all this is this is facilitating interoperability with health systems and care providers. We've seen a really great appetite for health systems to partner with us in these efforts, and it's providing the opportunity on both sides to eliminate latency with some of this real-time information sharing that's now enabled and now going on. That all comes to light in our commitment to process 80% of our prior authorizations in real time by the end of 2027. In doing so, it creates kind of a touchless environment, which eliminates a lot of the back and forth between health systems, care providers, and health plans, which not only improves experiences, but you can imagine the elimination of the abrasion unlocks a lot of operational efficiencies for both health systems and health plans. The last area to note is it's giving us the ability to provide better data insights because we're able to, in a more real-time basis, look at data sets far broader than what we've been able to look at in the past. This gives us better understanding around our business performance and also lends itself to things like real-time underwriting across both our commercial and Medicare business. As we think about our modernization agenda, one of our focus here is to focus on outlier activity and be able to customize our utilization management programs to reduce prior authorizations and other programs for the broad population because we have the ability to more customize some of those approaches. A couple key reminders, though, as we think about how we're approaching this in UHC is Number one, clinicians will always be involved in these processes. If services are not authorized, that decision will ultimately be made by a clinician. The second thing to note and remind folks of is that our contact centers are getting far more efficient, but they will never be fully automated. Engaging with the healthcare system that we play an important role in will always be deeply personal. We see great opportunity to invest some of the savings that we're getting from these efficiencies in actually enhanced and more concierge service-like models. We're going to always have options for human interactions as we approach this. Maybe, Patrick, you want to just comment briefly and then maybe Sandeep, a comment, because I don't want to spend that much time on this. Yeah. On Optum, I'd call out AI in a few ways. First, it is a transformational durable way to change our business. Maybe most importantly, though, I'd call out in the modernization frame, as we use AI, it delivers better patient experience, better experience and results for our customers, and a better experience for clinicians and care providers. I'll hit on a few examples there, because it's really about helping the health system work better for all stakeholders. I'll call out two areas and then I'll let Sandeep call products and services, so the third area. First area I'll call out is administrative efficiency, where we're using AI to summarize cases, for example, for care managers. Makes it 40% faster for that nurse care manager, more efficient, also allows him or her to spend more time with patients, more time delivering care in the home or whatever the setting may be. Second, in the Optum Insight business, digital prior authorization powered by AI, producing 96% first pass approval. Now enabling humans, and as Tim said, same on the Optum, it's a UHG principle. If something's not approved, we have a human look at that. 96% first pass approval using AI, making the system simpler, better, faster for the people involved, the providers and the patients. Second area I'll call out is clinical support. This is AI supporting humans and clinicians delivering care. We talked about ambient clinical documentation and the uptake of 70% in employed Optum Health clinicians today, going to 90% by year end. Let me give you a stat on burnout. 90% reduction using AI in the cognitive burnout for the clinicians. When you go visit these clinicians and they talk about how it helps them deliver care better to patients, incredibly meaningful. Then the scheduling, which Krista talked about. We're using AI to make sure that people get access to specialist care in a timely fashion. An example of improving access using AI. I'll turn it over to Sandeep to hit the products and services, which is the third major area. Really one quick example that probably strings through everything that Tim Noel, and Patrick described is that about a third of our investments this year are going into commercializing all these internal use cases to external products. The prior auth example that Tim described, that Patrick described, has been converted into a digital prior auth product, which we launched about a quarter ago under the Optum Real family of products. Year to date, it has, for external entities to UHG, processed about 69,000 prior auths, so it's processed about half a million prior auths and saved 69,000 administrative hours. This is in real life, in real time, an internal use case which we are investing in giving us internal efficiencies that is being converted into a commercial external product, helping improve the system and making it better for everyone. Thank you. The only thing I'll say at the group level is every function, HR, finance, legal, everything, is really being reimagined in an AI context, which we think will drive much greater precision, greater efficiencies, responsiveness. We think there are significant opportunities there. Thank you for the question. Next question, please. Our next question comes from Whit Mayo with Leerink Partners. Thanks. I just wanted to take your temperature on Stars. I'm not sure if you can comment on expectations or what you know at this point in time or just any thoughts on the recent industry lawsuits. Thanks. Sure. Good question. Bobby. Yeah. Hey, Whit, thanks for the question. Maybe to start, like I've said before, we view quality as absolutely critical, and we never take anything for granted with Stars. We're restless when it comes to seeking opportunities to differentiate, and we're always focused on delivering the greatest quality experiences and outcomes for our members. As you can appreciate and as you kind of alluded to, given where we sit in the current cycle as well as the ongoing industry activity, it wouldn't really be appropriate to speculate on final Star Year 2026 results or what might happen for Star Year 2027 or further into the future. It's also worth noting the Stars program has continued to get more challenging in recent years, as evidenced by 2026 industry scores at the lowest level in about a decade. As we navigate through the next few months, our preferred approach is to continue to partner with CMS, as we appreciate the challenging situation here to balance many critical priorities, and we want to help identify solutions that ensure program stability, clarity for industry, and of course, the best outcome for beneficiaries. We do believe there are solutions that can meet those objectives. All that said, I want to be really clear that we remain fully committed to our quality agenda We're investing in that more than ever, including in the second half of this year. We're going to do that to support our various quality programs and initiatives for our members and our providers. Thanks for the question. Thank you. We have time for one more question. Our last question will come from David Windley with Jefferies. Great. Good morning. Thanks for squeezing me in. I wanted to ask a question on Optum Health profitability and the progress you're making there. The margins were pretty comparable sequentially, but well ahead of what the market was expecting. I think there was some expectation that margins would seasonally decline through the year. I wondered if you could comment on what did happen or perhaps what didn't happen in 2Q to allow those margins to hold up. As part of that, I noticed that the, call it the subtraction in your reported to adjusted margin bridge for the PDR appeared to decline, and I wondered if that had some influence on the margin in the quarter. Thank you. Sure. Krista? Yeah. I'll point to just a couple things that are maybe just different this year. As we've talked in the past, the seasonality really mirrors a risk business. The vast majority of our earnings are going to be in the first half of the year versus the second. A couple elements that are a little bit different. First is just the timing of our restructuring efforts. In the fourth quarter, we laid out plans to restructure the business. We had originally assumed a significant portion of those would be complete in the first half of the year. There are a couple of those, one in particular, that is really shifting into the second half of the year. That does create an impact in second half versus first half. The second thing I would point to is just investments in the business. As we're launching new clinical or operational initiatives, as we see those successful, we are investing in technology workflow enhancements to make sure that those are actually durable and scaled across the infrastructure. Some investments in the second half of the year. Then third is just I think really being respectful of the trend environment, even though we're seeing some of that moderate in the first half of the year and medical performing slightly better than we would've expected. Trends are still well above historical levels, and we're being respectful of that. Wayne, PDR? Yeah. Hey, Dave. Thanks for the question on the PDR. No, it did not impact the durable margins that we're seeing. The one thing I would remind investors to consider is that, as we are divesting items that we had in our year-end charge, we'll move the PDR associated with that item along with the benefit that would've been unwound from that. As we continue to execute on that, you'll see that number kind of slowly edge downward. I don't expect it to change. Our goal is to show you what real durable earnings are, which is why we do the adjustment. Thanks, Wayne, and thank you all for joining us today. We appreciate your time and your trust in us as we continue to both improve our performance and modernize our company. I can assure you, we will stay restless and urgent as we go forward. Thanks for joining us. This does conclude today's conference. We thank you for your participation.