Hello, welcome to Vir Biotechnology's First Quarter 2024 Financial Results and Business Update Call. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. I will now turn the call over to Sasha Damouni Ellis, Executive Vice President, Chief Corporate Affairs Officer. You may begin, Ms. Damouni Ellis. Thank you, and good afternoon. With me today are Dr. Marianne De Backer, Chief Executive Officer; Dr. Carey Hwang, Senior Vice President, Clinical Research and Interim Chief Medical Officer; and Sung Lee, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I would like to remind everyone that some of the statements we are making today are forward-looking statements under the securities laws. These forward-looking statements involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause our clinical development programs, future results, performance, or achievements to differ significantly from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties and risks associated with our business are described in the company's reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Forms 10-K, 10-Q, and 8-K. I will now turn the call over to our CEO, Dr. Marianne De Backer. Thank you, Sasha. Good afternoon to everyone on the webcast, and thank you all for joining us today. During this afternoon's call, I will provide initial remarks before returning to Carey to share an update on our clinical development programs and pipeline, and then to Sung, to summarize our first quarter financial results. We will then open the line for questions. Before we proceed, I would like to highlight two recent updates. First, our board of directors has nominated two new independent directors, Dr. Norbert Bischofberger and Dr. Rami Farid, for election at our upcoming annual stockholders meeting. Dr. Bischofberger's track records of overseeing more than 25 clinical development programs and drug approvals, including in hepatitis, during his tenure at Gilead, is directly relevant as our own programs progress through mid- and late-stage trials. Dr. Farid's pioneering work applying advanced computational methods to drug discovery at Schrödinger aligns perfectly with our focus on leveraging AI in drug discovery. Two of our long-serving directors, Drs. Philip Sharp and Robert Perez, won't be standing for re-election. As founding board members, they made tremendous contributions, and I want to thank them for their dedicated service. Second, Sung Lee, our Chief Financial Officer, will be stepping down at the end of this week to pursue another career opportunity. Sung's leadership during his time at Vir has been instrumental in building a talented financial team and implementing rigorous financial practices and controls. Our finance organization is well positioned for continued success while we search for a successor. I would like to express my and the company's gratitude for Sung's contributions and wish him all the best in his new opportunity. Looking ahead, we expect 2024 to be a transformational year for Vir. Our teams are mission-driven, and we aim to play an important role in serving patients in areas of high unmet medical need while creating significant value in large potential markets. We continue to make progress on the goals we laid out in January. A key priority is to deliver on our mid-stage clinical pipeline, and I'll begin by discussing our ongoing phase II SOLSTICE trial in people living with chronic hepatitis delta. Our goal is to provide a lifelong therapy that is impactful and convenient for patients in this area of substantial unmet medical need. At least 12 million people globally are estimated to be living with hepatitis delta, with most cases remaining undiagnosed. While there are significant challenges with underdiagnosis and lack of robust epidemiological data for chronic hepatitis delta, we do see positive momentum towards greater awareness and patient screening. For example, in March, the World Health Organization published updated guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of people with chronic hepatitis B, and this update included recommending hepatitis delta reflex testing for everyone who tests positive for hepatitis B. This is a major step forward for both patients and researchers within the hepatitis delta community. Chronic hepatitis delta infection increases the risk of poor outcomes for patients compared to hepatitis B alone. There is approximately a 4 times greater risk of liver cancer, a 2 times greater risk of death, and more than half of these patients will die from liver disease within 10 years. The need for a safe, efficacious, and convenient treatment for these patients is critical. In the first quarter, we completed enrollment of the current cohorts in the SOLSTICE trial one month ahead of schedule, and our late breaker SOLSTICE data abstract was accepted for poster presentation at the European Association for the Study of the Liver, or EASL Congress 2024. We plan to host an investor conference call to discuss the SOLSTICE data on June fifth. In the third quarter, we intend to engage with regulatory authorities to discuss the next steps for the development program. Shifting our focus to another area of high unmet medical need, chronic hepatitis B, where we are making progress in our efforts to achieve a functional cure. According to the World Health Organization Global Hepatitis Report 2024, there are an estimated 253 million people chronically infected and living with hepatitis B. Among this total population, only 13% of HBV-positive patients had been diagnosed, and with only 3% receiving treatment at the end of 2022. The WHO further estimated that 1.1 million people died from viral hepatitis B in 2022, compared to an estimated 820,000 deaths in 2019. At Vir, we are committed to addressing this global health crisis and its concerning increase in deaths, and we believe our two therapeutic candidates, tobevibart and elebsiran, have the potential to make a meaningful impact. Tobevibart and elebsiran are being studied in our ongoing phase II MARCH trial in combination with and without peginterferon alfa. Our aim is that our two therapeutic candidates can help us achieve our goal of a 30% or higher functional cure rate. While this is our stated goal, KOLs we hosted at an advisory board last year at AASLD expressed a desire for 25% or better for a regimen that includes interferon and less than that for an interferon-free regimen. We expect to report 48-week end of treatment data for the MARCH Part B trial at a major medical congress in the fourth quarter. Subsequently, we expect to share functional cure data in the second quarter of 2025. Now, I will briefly discuss VIR-1388, our HIV T-cell vaccine candidate, currently being evaluated in a phase I trial. We are looking forward to sharing initial immunologic proof of concept data in the second half of this year. If the data supports the validity of the platform, it could be a springboard to other indications, including VIR-1949, our preclinical therapeutic vaccine for control of precancerous lesions and cancers caused by HPV. This trial is supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the NIH and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. In research, we continue to advance multiple investigational antibody therapeutics optimized for increased likelihood of development success, thanks to our proprietary platform powered by AI and machine learning called Daisy. Daisy enables fast and cost-efficient optimization of multiple properties such as binding affinity, neutralization, potency, and developability, and we have applied it to over 10 investigational monoclonal antibodies across multiple projects. Our most advanced preclinical programs are prophylactic antibodies for influenza A and B, RSV and/or MPV, and COVID-19. In addition, we are developing a cocktail of broadly neutralizing antibodies for an HIV cure. We look forward to sharing more about these programs during the course of the year and at our R&D Day in late November. Now, turning to our cash and investments. Our balance sheet enables us to fund our clinical programs through major inflection points while providing the flexibility to invest in external innovation. We are closely managing our expenses and prudently investing in programs with the greatest opportunity to drive returns for our shareholders. To conclude, I would like to acknowledge and thank our employees, partners, clinical trial participants, and shareholders who helped make this all possible. With that, I'll turn the call over to Carey. Thank you, Marianne. I'll begin by reminding you about the initial results from our phase II SOLSTICE trial on hepatitis delta, which were shared in a late breaker presentation at AASLD last year and discussed earlier this year. The SOLSTICE trial is evaluating tobevibart in combination with elebsiran and tobevibart alone as a potential chronic treatment for people living with chronic hepatitis delta. Based on the initial data reported, we observed rapid declines in HDV RNA. 5 out of 6 participants had undetectable HDV RNA, and 6 out of 6 were below the lower limit of quantification within 12 weeks of starting combination therapy. 2 out of 6 participants also achieved ALT normalization. As Marianne mentioned, we completed enrollments for greater than 60 participants across two cohorts, one month earlier than anticipated. Physician enthusiasm at AASLD was significant, and this contributed to the rapid rate of enrollment. One group is receiving tobevibart plus elebsiran combination therapy every 4 weeks, and a second group is receiving tobevibart monotherapy every 2 weeks. Approximately 50% of participants have compensated cirrhosis, or CPT-A. Overall, around 40% of patients with hepatitis delta develop cirrhosis, with an average of approximately 5 years to progression. Therefore, it's important to include patients with cirrhosis in trials to understand how our treatment impacts those with more progressive disease. This type of information can help optimize treatment strategies in the future and inform our future trial designs. We plan to share updated data on additional SOLSTICE participants in a late-breaker data abstract that was accepted for poster presentation at the EASL Congress. Specifically, we will share data on approximately 15 participants per regimen at 12 weeks, and approximately 10 participants per regimen at 24 weeks. Additional follow-up for the initial six SOLSTICE trial participants will also be shared at that time. Complete 24-week treatment data for SOLSTICE participants in these two cohorts is expected in the fourth quarter of 2024. We foresee that the SOLSTICE data update at EASL will be highly informative and will shed light on several key areas. First, we anticipate gaining greater clarity on the safety profile of tobevibart administered together with elebsiran. Second, we expect to obtain additional insight into virologic response rates and ALT normalization. Third, we aim to evaluate whether there are initial efficacy or safety differences between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic participants. And finally, we are looking forward to seeing longer follow-up data on durability of viral suppression and safety from the initial six participants previously reported at AASLD. If the data are supportive, we will dialogue with health authorities about the development program later this year. We expect Vir's next trial will be designed with bulevirtide as a comparator, and we will have greater clarity on potential trial designs following discussions with health authorities. Switching gears to our phase II program for chronic hepatitis B, our preliminary data suggests that when elebsiran was administered with peginterferon alfa for up to 48 weeks, about 26% of participants achieved hepatitis B surface antigen loss at the end of treatment, and 16% achieved functional cure, meaning they maintained hepatitis B surface antigen loss 24 weeks after the end of treatment. Current therapies, such as NRTIs, require lifelong therapy but rarely achieve functional cure. The only other therapy approved for hepatitis B is peginterferon alfa, which has a low functional cure rate of 3%-7% with poor tolerability. In the MARCH trial, when adding tobevibart to a regimen of elebsiran alone or elebsiran plus peginterferon alfa, we observed an almost threefold increase in end-of-treatment response rates at 24 weeks of treatment. These data were the first indication of the potentially important role of an HBV-directed antibody in hepatitis B functional cure. We look forward to sharing end-of-treatment data from the MARCH Part B trial, which is evaluating 48 weeks of the doublet and triplet regimens in the fourth quarter. This readout will be followed by post-treatment data in the second quarter of 2025, which will allow us to assess functional cure rates. Finally, we've recently published the full VIR-2482 PENINSULA trial data manuscript in medRxiv. We are applying key learnings from the PENINSULA trial to our next-generation prophylactic flu antibody, VIR-2981. Now, turning to our early-stage pipeline, VIR-1949 is an investigational therapeutic T-cell vaccine based on our HCMV vector platform and is designed to treat precancerous lesions caused by the human papillomavirus. Despite advances in vaccination and screening, HPV-associated cancers and conditions, such as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, remain significant global health concerns. We look forward to sharing more later this year about this program and the timing of a potential IND submission. VIR-7229 is a next-generation COVID-19 monoclonal antibody candidate with increased potency, breadth, and resistance to viral escape, thanks to AI engineering and optimization. The development of VIR-7229 through the end of phase I is supported by BARDA. We look forward to continuing to share our progress over the coming quarters and during a virtual R&D Day planned for late November. I will now turn the call over to Sung. Thank you, Carey. Before I get to the financial results, I would like to take this moment to thank Marianne and the board for the opportunity to make an impact at Vir. I have truly enjoyed my time as CFO, and I'm proud of what we have accomplished. I'm confident that the company and the finance organization are well positioned for continued success. With that, I'll now share the financial results for the first quarter of 2024. Total revenues in the first quarter of 2024 were $56.4 million, compared to $63 million for the same period in 2023. As anticipated, we saw year-over-year declines in collaboration and grant revenues. These declines were partially offset by higher contract revenue in the first quarter of 2024, driven primarily by the recognition of deferred revenue related to our 2021 agreement with GSK. Turning to operating expenses, cost of revenue for the first quarter of 2024 was nominal compared to $1.9 million for the same period in 2023. R&D expenses in the first quarter of 2024 were $100.1 million, compared to $157.6 million in the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by lower clinical development and manufacturing costs related to VIR-2482. SG&A expenses in the first quarter of 2024 were $36.3 million, compared to $46.8 million in the same period in 2023. The decrease was primarily driven by disciplined expense management, which resulted in a significant reduction in external expenses... Moving to the balance sheet. We ended the first quarter of 2024 with cash, cash equivalents, and investments of $1.51 billion, compared to $1.63 billion at the end of 2023, representing a $118 million decline quarter-over-quarter. Turning to our financial guidance for 2024, the year is progressing as expected, and we are reiterating all aspects of our guidance, which can be found on slide 28 of our corporate presentation. We will continue to be disciplined in managing our expenses and focus our investments on programs with the greatest opportunity to drive return for shareholders. I will now turn the call back to Sasha. Thank you, Sung. We will now start the Q&A section. Please limit questions to two per person so that we are able to get to all of our covering analysts. Operator, please open up the line for questions. Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question, please press Star one on your telephone keypad. If you wish to cancel the request, please press Star one again. Your first question comes from the line of Gena Wang of Barclays. Your line is now open. Thank you for taking my questions. So my best wishes to your next journey. I have two questions regarding HDV. First question is regarding patient with baseline cirrhosis. Any restriction or exclusion criteria for cirrhotic condition? And my second question is which measurement would be more meaningful in your view regarding the lower limit of quantification and the limit of detection? And is the phase two efficacy data setting a bar for EASL update? Thank you very much for that question, for those questions, Gena, which are very, very relevant. I will ask Carey to address them. Great. Thank you, Gena. So for your first question around baseline cirrhosis and restrictions in our trial. So as I mentioned, in the two new cohorts that we enrolled in SOLSTICE, we included CPT-A patients, so they have compensated cirrhosis. And so we have about 50% of those participants in those two new cohorts. And so this will help us inform, you know, going forward, you know, the safety and efficacy of our regimen in those populations. So we look forward to, you know, looking at the differences, if there are any differences between cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics in that population. And in regards to your second question around which measurement, lower limit of quantification or limit of detection, it different assays have different cutoffs for those parameters. And so, you know, these will be, you know, discussed with regulatory authorities in terms of which of these parameters would be acceptable from an endpoint perspective. So, I can't answer that right now, but that was something-- that will be something that we will have to-- we will clarify with the regulators. A bar for EASL update? Right. And then the last question is whether the EASL SOLSTICE data would be setting a new efficacy bar. As you're familiar with from our AASLD presentation, from our first six participants, we're able to achieve a 6 out of 6 that achieved HDV RNA less than limit of quantification, and 5 out of 6 that were undetectable or less than limit of detection. I think if we are able to demonstrate, you know, these results in a larger population, then I think that it could set a new efficacy bar. Because as with any chronic viral disease, the goal is always to suppress viral replication to undetectable level, such as in HIV. And so if we're able to do that, I think that would set the benchmark. Thank you very much. Your next question comes from the line of Paul Choi of Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open. Hi. Thank you. Good afternoon, and thank you for taking our questions. I want to follow up on Gena's question regarding the compensated cirrhosis population in SOLSTICE. And could you maybe just clarify for us, particularly, among the patients for which you'll have the 12-week additional 12-week update versus those who have had the 24-week treatment update, just, you know, how you're thinking that baseline of half the patients having cirrhosis might affect those particular updates? And then my second question is, in terms of the earlier stage pipeline, just given the success that we've seen with the various RSV drugs from both GSK and Pfizer in terms of recent market success, can you maybe elaborate on sort of what the criteria that you and your partner, GSK, are looking at for sort of a go or no-go decision in terms of advancing VIR-8190? Thank you. Yeah. So thank you, Paul, for the question. So in terms of how we think cirrhosis might affect safety or efficacy, so we have done initial hepatic impairment study in CPT-A participants and have not seen any safety signals or any clinically significant changes in PK that would cause us any concern. And so our expectation is that in this compensated cirrhotic population, you know, we should not see any significant differences in terms of the safety or efficacy profile between those two populations. And, you know, we will have that data coming out relatively soon. In terms of, you know, RSV and given the success of those vaccines from Pfizer and GSK, I think these are ongoing discussions that we have with our partner in terms of, you know, looking at the profile of VIR-8190 or other potential monoclonal antibodies. And so we certainly only want to present or kind of progress antibodies that fill an unmet need in the space, and so those are ongoing discussions that we'll have with our partners to make those decisions. Great. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Alec Stranahan of Bank of America. Your line is open. Hey, guys. Thanks for taking our questions, and just a couple from us as well. I guess first, how should we be thinking about the EASL update in the context of the more advanced update expected in 4Q? I guess, you know, in terms of which questions you think we'll have answered at EASL versus what'll be still outstanding for the 4Q data. And as a follow-up, what would inform a go/no-go on a phase III in this setting? Sounds like you'll likely wait until the additional 24-week data becomes available, even though you may have already aligned with regulators on next steps in 3Q. Thanks. Great. Yeah, thank you, Alec. So in terms of how we would think about the data that we will have at EASL, so we will have about 15 participants in each of the cohorts at week 12, and about 10 participants in each cohort at week 24. So, you know, 4 things that we would be looking at at this time point. Number 1, the safety profile for the tobevibart and elebsiran combination. Number 2, what the virologic response rates and ALT normalization rates are. Third, the potential efficacy and safety differences between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic participants. And then finally, the longer term follow-up data on the initial 6 participants that we reported AASLD to see if we have durability of response over time. So I think, you know, the EASL data will further, hopefully further expand the data set that we have from the initial 6, but and confirm the directionality of what we're seeing in terms of efficacy and safety. And then obviously, the 24-week data would be the complete data set across those two populations. So in terms of your second question around what would inform a go, no-go on a phase 3 for delta? So I think, you know, it depends, it depends on the strength of the data. I think if, if our data, with the EASL data cut, if we believe that is strong enough, I think that would be a possibility of taking that, you know, you know, forward for, for conversations. But it all, all depends on the strength of that data going forward. Obviously, you know, 24 weeks would be the complete data set, but if we have a very strong indication of efficacy, then I think we can go earlier. Great. Makes sense. Thanks a lot. Your next question comes from the line of Philip Nadeau of TD Cowen. Your line is now open. Good afternoon, thanks for taking our questions, and let us add our best wishes to, to Sung as he moves on. Two from us. So first, as you just highlighted, durability response is a key question that's going to be answered by both the EASL and Q4 updates. Is there any reason to worry that the effect could be lost for the combination regimen or monotherapy regimen over time? Any preclinical signs that resistance could develop, in, in hepatitis delta? And then second, totally unrelated, on business development, with $1.5 billion in cash, can you talk a bit about the environment you're seeing in business development and what your most recent thoughts are on, priorities for investing externally? Thanks. Thank you for those questions, Phil, and maybe we'll get to your second question first. Yes, we have shared, you know, we are in a great position that we can really use our strong balance sheet to fund our priorities, and of course, that is hepatitis delta and hepatitis B in our pipeline. However, we also have the opportunity to look for external innovation, and especially, you know, early clinical programs would be of interest there. And we continue to be very thoughtful and strategic in you know looking at those opportunities and discerning whether those would be a great fit for us and creating value for the company and our shareholders. I will ask Carey to answer your question related to durability of response. Thank you, Marianne, and thank you, Phil, for the question. So your question around durability of response, would we expect to see any resistance or loss of durability with our chronic hepatitis delta regimen? So I think, you know, based on what we've seen to date, we have, you know, some in vitro data, and we haven't seen any resistance to date. We have a lot of hepatitis B data, like looking at surface antigen, and we haven't seen rebound in hepatitis surface antigen over time with a combination of elebsiran and tobevibart together. And I think as with other chronic infectious diseases, both elebsiran and tobevibart work through two different mechanisms. And because we're working through two different mechanisms in terms of inhibiting levels of surface antigen and then HBV RNA, the likelihood of developing resistance is much less compared to if you were going forward with a monotherapy. So time will tell, but, you know, based on what we know so far from hepatitis B, some of our in vitro work and, you know, what the expectations are with having two different independent mechanisms against the virus. My guess is that rebounds and resistance would be rare. That's very helpful. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Patrick Trucchio of H.C. Wainwright. Your line is now open. Thanks. Good afternoon. Just a couple of questions from me. The first is just on the Delta program. Given the lack of treatments available, I'm wondering if you can talk about if there's a possibility for an accelerated pathway to approval, depending on the outcome from SOLSTICE, and what that might look like in terms of potential phase III and pathway to approval. And then just on the HBV program, I'm wondering if you can talk about, you know, whether you expect to have data segmented based on surface antigen levels at baseline, and if so, at what levels at baseline would you expect to report this data? You know, related to this, how important is it to demonstrate loss of surface antigen in all comers relative to patient cohort with relatively lower baseline surface antigen, especially as you consider potential advancement to the program of the program to phase III? Great. Thank you, Patrick, for the questions. So in terms of hepatitis delta and possibilities for accelerated pathways, as you know, there's no therapy that's currently approved in the United States at this time. And so based on the strength of our data, you know, we will look for any of those mechanisms that we can accelerate paths to approval, such as Fast Track, Breakthrough, Prime, and these other methods that are available to us from regulatory agencies. So we will be looking at those pathways to move forward and to facilitate discussions with regulators as we, you know, develop our and get alignment on our registrational pathway going forward. And then in terms of your second question around hepatitis B, will we be looking at the segmented data by surface antigen levels? So yes, in our trials, actually to date, in our hepatitis B trials, we have taken all comers, you know, not just enrolling, you know, participants with surface antigen less than 3,000 or 1,000. We're taking a broader view, but we will be able to look at subgroups within our data sets to see whether certain cutoffs would increase serum clearance rates and surface antigens. So those will be, you know, areas that we will be evaluating and looking at in our data set. Your next question comes from the line of Roanna Ruiz of Leerink Partners. Your line is open. Hi, this is Rosa Chun on for Roanna Ruiz at Leerink Partners. Thanks so much for taking our question. First, a couple on HDV. So for Solstice, what level of ALT normalization are you expecting to see in the upcoming data at EASL, given that we didn't really see meaningful normalization in the early data that you presented last year? Great. Thank you. Thank you, Rosa, for the question. So I think the data set from our AASLD set was small numbers. We only had 6 participants. We had 2 out of the 6 that achieved ALT normalization. But of the participants who did not achieve ALT normalization, a majority of those were just around that upper limit of normal. And so I think with potential longer treatment, you know, we may see more normalization. With this data set coming out at EASL, we will have a more robust data set, and so that will help inform us further in terms of what we would expect to see in terms of ALT normalization, you know, with this regimen going forward. Okay, got it. Thanks. And then another one on HDV. So we haven't heard too much recently about, Hepcludex's resubmission, in the U.S. So can you share how you guys are thinking about maybe the competitive positioning of your regimen versus Hepcludex? How are you thinking about maybe the patients who could be more responsive to your regimen versus Hepcludex if both are available? Yeah, thanks for that question. So I think, as you said, you know, it's not approved in the U.S., but as I mentioned in my prepared remarks, that we would plan to have bulevirtide as our comparator in our trials, going forward. And based on, you know, at least what we've seen from the first six participants and our ability to really get to undetectable levels very quickly, only after 12 weeks of combination therapy, I think that is a potential differentiator for us, going forward. As I mentioned, you know, the goal is always to achieve virologic suppression for any therapy in chronic viral diseases. And, and if we're able to demonstrate that in a larger data set, then that, that gives us further confidence in moving forward. In addition, I think, you know, the regimen that we are developing is also being administered subQ once monthly, which is also a potential differentiator, there as well. And I think also because, as I mentioned previously in a previous answer, we are attacking the Delta virus through two different mechanisms, you know, there's less of a concern with, with resistance or non-response, in, in, different patient populations. Super helpful. If I could squeeze one for HBV. So as it relates to the THRIVE trial, can you give us a sense of the real-world prevalence of these immune-active chronic HBV patients versus the inactive carriers, and how we should think about the data in these populations? ... Yeah, the reason we are studying these populations is because these populations have kind of the strongest immune response to be able to be in that stage of hepatitis B. However, you know, in these populations, they, they're not normally, as guidelines indicated for treatment, and so these, patient populations are a little bit more difficult to find. So in terms of kind of overall, you know, prevalence of these subpopulations overall, I mean, it's a little bit unclear, but, you know, this is something that, you know, we are looking at specifically in these populations, trying to recruit and find to be able to determine whether, you know, we can achieve functional cure at higher rates, in these populations compared to your, the chronic suppressed, population. Got it. Thanks so much for the clarity. That's it for me. Your next question comes from the line of Joseph Stringer of Needham. Your line is open. Hi, thank you for taking our question. I just wanted to get your updated thoughts on functional cure rates for HBV. You mentioned based on some recent KOL feedback, that you believe that 25%+ for an interferon-containing regimen, and perhaps less than that for a non-interferon-containing regimen would be considered acceptable. Just curious if that's sort of a minimum bar for success amongst treating physicians, or is there a functional cure rate where, say, a certain percentage of docs would use the treatment, and would that be higher than the numbers that you're providing? Any additional color on that would be helpful. Great. Thank you for the question, Joey. Yeah, as you know, we had an advisory board with many of the leading key opinion leaders within hepatitis B back in November, and we did pose this question to them. And for them, at least at this tier, between 20%-30% of, like, a functional cure rate would be highly meaningful for them. I think the other piece, component to think about in these regimens is whether a regimen contains interferon or not. Interferon-sparing regimens are certainly much more tolerable, easier for patients to take, easier for physicians to monitor. So they would likely tolerate a lower functional cure rate to use interferon-sparing regimens. If there's an interferon-containing regimen, then the bar is a little bit higher in terms of what they would like to see in terms of functional cure rate. So it's hard to really, kind of pin down exactly, 'cause there's sliding scales for different factors that you have to consider. Your next question comes from the line of Eric Joseph of J.P. Morgan. Your line is open. Hi, thanks for taking the questions. You've noted, Carey, that potential phase 3 trial in HDV would contemplate using bulevirtide as a comparator. Can you maybe just talk about sort of the investigator or regulatory feedback that informs that? And, if you do move forward with that plan operationally, would you intend to include U.S. sites, given the fact that it's not approved here? And then as a follow-up, I'll leave the question there, and I have a follow-up to that. Yeah. Thank you, Eric, for the question. So yeah, as I mentioned, you know, we would include bulevirtide as a comparator, even though it's currently not approved yet in the United States. You know, these, you know, this would obviously be with our discussions with the regulators moving forward in terms of what would be included and the study design and what that would look like. But I think also from, because we are looking globally for this therapy, you know, a lot of payers now will want you to be compared against the standards of care, especially in Europe. So that's another reason that we would want to be including bulevirtide as comparator. Because we have a global footprint in this trial, you know, we, we, you know, we've done these trials, before, and even though bulevirtide is not or may not be approved yet by the time we start a trial, you know, there are mechanisms in which we will be able to, conduct the trial in the U.S., with bulevirtide, even if it's not approved. So that would be the plan. Okay, great. And maybe just, as a follow-up, coming back to the topic of, ALT, AST normalization in, in HDV-infected patients. Is the, is the prospect of normalization in cirrhotic patients any more challenging than it is on, in non-cirrhotics? And I guess, is there sort of a difference in, sort of baseline AST, presence, I guess, that we should be thinking about, here between the non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic patient population? Thank you. Yeah. Yeah, thank you for the question. Yeah, no, I think it's a, it's a very good question, and that's something that, you know, we'll be able to show with our data in terms of looking at if there are, if there are baseline differences in ALT levels or if they're, you know, whether they're higher or lower in cirrhotics versus non-cirrhotics, and then also looking at the rate of normalization. So yeah, so our data set will be able to help answer that question for us moving forward. But I think, as I mentioned earlier, in terms of the antiviral efficacy and then potential impact on ALT, you know, we don't expect to see significant differences between cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics, at least in the CPT-A population, but obviously, the data set will inform us on that. Okay, great. Excellent. Thanks for taking the question. Your next question comes from the line of Michael Ulz of Morgan Stanley. Your line is now open. Good afternoon, and thanks for taking the question. Maybe just a quick one on the phase 1 HIV program. I think you'll have data in the second half of this year. Maybe you can just talk about some of the key points in that key endpoints in that early study and what we should be looking for, and maybe what would be positive in your view to sort of keep that program moving forward. Thanks. All right. Thank you for the question. So, we do have this ongoing trial with VIR-1388, which is our HCMV vector, as a potential HIV vaccine, and this is in partnership with the HVTN, who is helping us conduct the trial. And we have completed enrollment of part A of that trial. And as we've guided to, you know, we expect to see initial immunologic data from that trial, second half of this year. And so what we are really looking for is these immunologic endpoints, specifically looking at T cell markers and MHC-E restricted kind of T cell responses and kind of seeing what we would see if we see similar types of immune responses that were observed in the macaques that were protective from SIV in those animals. So if we're able to see this proof of immunology, then, you know, this opens up this platform to other areas, potential areas of exploration, such as in human papillomavirus with our VIR-1949 vector. Great. Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I will now turn the conference back over to Marianne for the closing remarks. Thank you, operator. To conclude, our company is beginning to realize benefits from the cost savings initiatives we implemented in 2023, and we look forward to sharing important data from our SOLSTICE trial at EASL. This is a milestone that brings us closer to addressing the significant unmet medical need for millions of people that are living with hepatitis delta. Looking ahead, we also anticipate additional data readouts in the fourth quarter that could serve as important catalysts for the company. Thank you, and operator, you may conclude the call. Thank you. That concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.