Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Ventas first quarter 2021 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speakers' presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. To ask a question during that time, you may press star then one on your telephone. If you require any further assistance, please press star, zero, and an operator will come back on to assist you. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Sarah Whitford, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Good morning, and welcome to the Ventas first quarter financial results conference call. Earlier this morning, we issued our first quarter earnings release, supplemental, and investor presentation. These materials are available on the Ventas website at ir.ventasreit.com. As a reminder, remarks made today may include forward-looking statements, including certain expectations related to COVID-19 and other matters. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, and a variety of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by such statements. For a more detailed discussion of those factors, please refer to our earnings release for this quarter and to our most recent SEC filings, all of which are available on the Ventas website. Certain non-GAAP financial measures will also be discussed on this call. For a reconciliation of these measures to the most closely comparable GAAP measures, please refer to our supplemental posted on the Investor Relations section of our website. I will now turn the call over to Debra A. Cafaro, Chairman and CEO. Thank you, Sarah, and good morning to all of our shareholders and other participants, and welcome to the Ventas first quarter 2021 earnings call. Let me start by saying that we believe the macro environment and the Ventas outlook have turned an important corner and that the worst of the pandemic is behind us. You have no idea how good it feels to say those words, even though we recognize that significant uncertainty remains. The whole Ventas team is actively engaged in taking steps to win the recovery for our stakeholders. These steps include making smart portfolio and capital allocation decisions, capturing the embedded upside in our high-quality senior housing portfolio, focusing on operational excellence and initiatives, investing in value-creating development and acquisition opportunities across our demographically driven asset classes, attracting diverse, attractive capital, and maintaining financial strength and flexibility. I also think it's important to reiterate our gratitude and optimism. The widespread administration and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines have dramatically benefited the health and well-being of our senior residents and their caregivers and also laid the foundation for sustained economic recovery. Let me first address senior housing trends and results. With respect to health and safety, I'm thrilled to report that our confirmed new resident cases in SHOP have fallen to literally one person per day out of a resident population of 40,000. All our communities are now open to new move-ins, and most have reintroduced expanded visitation and communal activities. As a result, the natural resilience and demographically based demand for Senior Living has revived, and we reached the cyclical pandemic occupancy bottom in our SHOP portfolio in mid-March. Since then, led by our U.S. SHOP communities, which posted 280 basis points of growth, we grew SHOP's spot occupancy 190 basis points through April 30th to nearly 78%. Our Canadian SHOP portfolio, which has maintained occupancy of over 91%, tempered the full SHOP occupancy growth because Canadian clinical conditions and regulatory measures are currently lagging those in the U.S. We do expect those to catch up over time. Notably, for the whole portfolio, March and April were the first two consecutive months when SHOP move-ins exceeded both pre-pandemic move-in levels and move-outs since the start of the pandemic. In fact, move-ins during April at 1,880 totaled more move-ins in a single month than we've experienced at any time since June 2019. While many of these positive trends began in the first quarter, and therefore did not fully benefit first quarter results, we are also pleased with those results. Our first quarter normalized FFO per share and SHOP performance came in ahead of our expectations. Our SHOP occupancy gains were at or above those reported by other market participants to date. The resilient and robust demand we are seeing for senior housing once again validates the need-based nature of our communities and the crucial role care providers play in facilitating longer, healthier lives for this portion of the nation's population, which is set to grow by over 2 million individuals over just the next few years. Supply trends in senior housing are also highly favorable. This combination of growing demographic demand and constrained supply creates a favorable backdrop for senior housing recovery, which represents an incredibly significant value creation opportunity for our shareholders. The high quality of our senior housing portfolio, as Justin will describe, makes us well-positioned to recapture NOI and realize this upside. Turning to our capital allocation approach, we are confident of our ability to recycle about $1 billion through property disposition in the second half of this year. Those are expected to enhance our enterprise. On the investment side, our attractive life science, research, and innovation business continues to provide us with value-creating opportunities to invest capital. The Ventas portfolio, which now exceeds 9 million sq ft, is located in three of the top five cluster markets and is affiliated with over 15 of the nation's top research universities. We are also investing in our active and just-delivered ground-up developments in life science, research, and innovation. We report that we also have another $1 billion in potential projects affiliated with major universities right behind the four developments currently underway. We look forward to sharing more information on our exciting development pipeline with you later this year. We recently expanded our life sciences business through our investment in a Class A portfolio of life science assets anchored by Johns Hopkins Medical, which we purchased at an attractive valuation of $600 per square foot. Located in the fourth-largest life science cluster in the U.S., Hopkins is a global leader in research and medicine and the number one recipient of government research funding. This acquisition leverages our unique expertise at the intersection of universities, life sciences, and academic medicine. We continue to invest capital in senior housing with our partner Le Groupe Maurice in Quebec. LGM maintains a first-class brand, product, and financial model for success. Our two most recently completed high-end communities with LGM opened in the fourth quarter and have already achieved 87% occupancy. We have three additional developments underway with LGM, representing nearly $300 million in aggregate project costs. Looking at the broader investment market, deal volume is again trending toward normalized levels. In a typical year, our deals team reviews over $30 billion in investment opportunities. Our pipeline of potential investments across our asset classes is active and growing, and we are on our front foot from an external growth standpoint. We have access to significant liquidity and a wide array of capital sources to fund deals. Our investment philosophy continues to be focused on growing reliable cash flow and favorable risk-adjusted returns, taking into account factors such as market position and trajectory of the asset and business, cost per square foot or unit, downside protection, and ultimate potential for cash flow growth and asset appreciation. In closing, we believe we've turned an important corner, and key metrics in our business are showing meaningful improvement. The positive investment thesis for all of our demographically driven asset classes and for Ventas is pointing firmly positive. As a team at Ventas, we're really happy about the strength and stability we've shown and the recent upswing in the economic, clinical, and operating environment. We have an abiding commitment to win the recovery for all our stakeholders, and we are confident we're taking the right steps to do so. Thank you. Now to Justin. Thank you, Debbie. I am very excited that senior housing recovery is underway. As we've mentioned before, the lifestyle offering in our communities will be a leading indicator of performance. Now that vaccines have been executed, activities are picking up again, communal dining is coming back, and all of our communities are open to visitation from relatives, the underlying demand for our services should continue to strengthen. As we have visited communities recently, the enthusiasm expressed by residents, their relatives, and employees is compelling as communities are literally coming back to life again. As Debbie noted, we are pleased with the improvement in leading indicators in occupancy as our move-in and move-out performance in March and April resulted in 266 and 363 net move-ins respectively. We expect occupancy improvements benefitting from a return to 2019 move-in levels, while at the same time, move-outs to be lower than 2019 levels due to lower current occupancy levels. If we use the move-out rate as a percentage of the resident population from 2019 and apply that percentage to the current lower resident occupancy, the outcome is lower move-outs than pre-pandemic levels. That, in combination with a 2019 move-in run rate, results in projected net positive occupancy gains. I refer to this as the turn the lights on scenario. Where we simply get the structural benefit from this netting effect. Having said that, March and April both performed well above this baseline as we started to see a resurgence of high-converting lead sources, which include respites and personal referrals. These lead sources and professional referrals continue to recover, we could see move-in rates grow. Moving on to macro drivers. We remain optimistic on our long-term supply and demand outlook. Construction starts continued to decelerate in the first quarter to the lowest level since the first quarter of 2011, and we're down 77% from the peak in the fourth quarter of 2017. Fewer starts should translate into materially lower deliveries in 2022 and 2023. In addition, we expect strong demographic tailwinds to provide support for occupancy growth. The 80+ population is expected to grow 17% over the next five years, more than double the rate witnessed during the five-year recovery following the financial crisis. I'll comment on our SHOP portfolio. When I joined Ventas just over a year ago, one of my first priorities was to assess the overall quality of our portfolio. Now that we are traveling again and visiting communities, I'm pleased to verify we benefit from a well-invested, highly diversified portfolio of market-leading senior housing communities with service offerings that range from active adult, independent living, social assisted living, and assisted living and memory care. We are well located in high-barrier markets that have substantial income and wealth demographics to support our offering. Our three primary operators, Le Groupe Maurice, Sunrise, and Atria, are each uniquely positioned to be competitive within their respective markets. Collectively, they account for 90% of our SHOP NOI on a stabilized basis. With these attributes of a high-quality portfolio in mind, moving forward, we are actively reviewing opportunities to optimize our portfolio through pruning, strategic CapEx investment, transitioning communities, new developments, and pursuing new acquisitions to maintain our strong market position in senior housing. Moving on to triple- net senior housing. Given the proactive measures taken last year where we addressed a substantial portion of our portfolio, and additionally paired with government subsidies and other tenant resources, our tenants continue to pay as expected in the first quarter and through April. Ventas received all of its expected triple- net senior housing cash rent. Our trailing 12 cash flow coverage for senior housing, which is reported one quarter in arrears, is 1.3 x and stable versus the prior quarter. I'll summarize by expressing our enthusiasm around our strong leading indicators, high-quality portfolio of communities, and operators. I have a high confidence in our ability to compete in what should be a very exciting period of recovery for the senior housing sector. With that, I'll hand the call to Pete. Thanks, Justin. I'll cover the office and healthcare triple-net segments. Together, these segments represent over 50% of Ventas' NOI. They continue to produce solid and reliable results. First, I'll cover office. The core office portfolio, ex parking, performed well. Core office grew 1.7% year-on-year and 1.1% sequentially. Those results were tempered by lower parking activity, which I'm pleased to say is materially increasing. All in, the office portfolio delivered $123 million of same-store cash NOI in the first quarter. This represents an 80 basis points reported sequential growth. In terms of rent collections, our strong record continued during the quarter and into April. This outstanding record is enabled by the mission-critical nature of our portfolio and our high-quality, credit-worthy tenancy. In our medical office portfolio, 88% of our NOI comes from investment-grade rated tenants in HCA. In our life sciences portfolio, 76% of our revenues come directly from investment-grade rated organizations and publicly traded companies. All of our MOB properties are in elective surgery restriction-free locations, and clinical activity and building utilization is rebounding. A clinical rebound provides confidence to healthcare executives in making business decisions. We're certainly seeing that on the real estate side. As an example, we are finishing negotiations on a 10-year, 160,000 sq ft renewal with a 16,000 sq ft expansion with a leading health system in the Southeast. Another example, we relocated and extended several hospital offices on a Midwestern campus to accommodate the addition of a 50,000 sq f t healthcare-focused technical college. The leases will commence in July, a win for the health system, the college, and Ventas. Medical office had record level retention of 91% for the first quarter and 86% for the trailing 12 months. Driven by this retention, total office leasing was nearly 1 million sq ft for the quarter. This includes 160,000 sq ft of new leasing. The result is that MOB occupancy stayed essentially flat, down only 10 basis points for the quarter, both sequentially and year-on-year. Previous actions to bolster leasing are clearly showing results. In 2019, we hired a head of leasing. In 2020, we hired a digital marketing lead. In 2020, we redeployed 30% of our third-party brokers, and in 2020, we increased the number of third-party brokers by 70% to impact the local coverage. Our digital marketing program focused on local market awareness and virtual touring of vacant suites is fully in place and making a difference. Average length of term for new leases was 7.3 years, five months higher than the 2019 average. Renewal term length also exceeded 2019 averages. Average escalators for new leasing was 2.7%, higher than our average in-place escalator of 2.4%. All of this represents growing healthcare community confidence in the recovery. I'd also like to highlight our pre-leasing construction initiative. This is where we take a vacant suite, where it is difficult to visualize its future potential, and either demolish the in-place improvements to core and shell or complete a hospital standard physician suite in advance of leasing. We've invested over $2 million in a pilot across 20 suites. The results have been fantastic. These projects have driven 20 basis points of occupancy and created a nearly 20% return on investment. Because of these results, we intend to expand this program later this year. We remain enthusiastic about the office business, and particularly investment opportunities in the R&I space. We continue to make progress on our recently announced $2 billion pipeline of development opportunities with Wexford. We've publicly announced four projects in that pipeline. Arizona State University in Phoenix, which opened in the fourth quarter and is soon to be over 70% leased. Drexel University College of Nursing in Philadelphia is 100% leased. A project in partnership with the University of Pittsburgh for immunotherapy is 70% pre-leased. Our new development in the thriving u City sub-market of Philadelphia between Penn and Drexel is showing strong pre-leasing activity. Since the acquisition of our South San Francisco Life science trophy asset, we have renewed several tenants and have driven occupancy to 100%. In some cases, the mark-to-market has exceeded 30%. At our newest life sciences acquisition on the Johns Hopkins campus in Baltimore, we are in lease negotiations to take the buildings from 96% to 100% occupancy. Demand far exceeds our current capacity. Now let's turn to healthcare triple-net. During the first quarter, our healthcare triple-net assets showed continued strength and reliability with 100% rent collections in April and May. Trailing 12-month EBITDA and cash flow coverage through 12/31 improved sequentially for all of our healthcare triple-net asset classes. Acute care hospitals' trailing 12-month coverage was a strong 3.5x in the fourth quarter, a 20 basis point sequential improvement. Ardent has performed extremely well in this dynamic market. IRF and LTAC coverage improved 10 basis points to 1.7x in the first quarter, buoyed by strong business results and government funding. Census levels were high at year-end and continued into the first quarter. During this period, Kindred has been able to demonstrate their expertise in treating complex respiratory disorders to their health system partners. Regarding our loan portfolio, it is fully current. Finally, a word of thanks from frontline workers who have kept our facilities open and safe during this last year. They are our heroes. We are relieved that now, protected by the vaccine, they can do their jobs with peace of mind and in safety. With that, I'll turn the call over to Bob. Thanks, Pete. In my remarks today, I'll cover our first quarter results, our expectations for the second quarter of 2021, and our recent liquidity, balance sheet, and capital activities. Let's start with our results in the first quarter. Ventas reported first quarter net income of -$0.15 per share, driven by non-cash charges in the quarter as we transferred assets to held for sale. Normalized funds from operations in the first quarter was $0.72 per share, a $0.01 beat versus the high end of our prior guidance range of $0.66 and $0.71. As previously communicated and included in our Q1 guidance range, we received $0.04 in HHS grants in SHOP in Q1. Adjusted for these grants, Q1 FFO per share was $0.68. As expected, office and triple-net contributed stable sequential NOI performance in the first quarter. Q1 outperformance was driven by better occupancy and lower than expected operating expenses in SHOP. Same store SHOP NOI declined sequentially by 8% in the second quarter versus the first. Turning to our Q2 guidance, second quarter net income is estimated to range from flat to $0.07 per fully diluted share. Our guidance range for normalized FFO for Q2 is $0.67-$0.71 per share. The Q2 FFO midpoint of $0.69 is $0.01 higher sequentially than the first quarter results due to an improving SHOP trajectory after adjusting for HHS grants in both periods. Key second quarter assumptions underlying our guidance are as follows. Starting with SHOP. Q2 spot occupancy from March 31st to June 30th is forecast to increase between 150 basis points-250 basis points, with the midpoint assuming the occupancy improvement in March and April continues through May and June. Sequential SHOP revenue is expected to grow modestly as a result of occupancy gains, while operating expenses excluding HHS grants are forecast to be flat, with lower COVID costs offsetting higher costs due to increased occupancy, higher community activity levels, and an additional day in the second quarter. We've not included the receipt of HHS grants in SHOP in our Q2 guidance. In our office and triple-net segments, we expect stable NOI in Q2 relative to Q1. Finally, we continue to assume $1 billion in proceeds from property dispositions in the back half of 2021. I'd like to underscore that we're still in a highly uncertain environment. Trends in SHOP are positive, the pandemic's impact on our business remain very difficult to predict. I'll close our prepared remarks with our liquidity, balance sheet, and capital activity. We continue to enjoy robust liquidity with $2.7 billion as of May 5th. Notably, in the first quarter, we renewed our revolver at better pricing and improved our near-term maturity profile by fully repaying $400 million of senior notes due 2023. In terms of capital structure, we maintained total debt to gross asset value at 37% in the first quarter. Q1 net debt to EBITDA was 7.1x, as EBITDA continued to feel the impacts of COVID in the quarter. We expect net debt to EBITDA will reach its peak in the first half of 2021, and then begin to improve in the second half as senior housing rebounds and we reduce debt with asset sales. On behalf of all my colleagues, Ventas is committed to continuing to take the actions to win the post-pandemic recovery, which finally is appearing in our sights. That concludes our prepared remarks. Before we start with Q&A, we're limiting each caller to two questions to be respectful to everyone on the line. With that, I'll turn the call back to the operator. Ladies and gentlemen, at this time, if you would like to ask a question, please go ahead and press star, then the number one on your telephone keypad. Again, that's star one to ask a question. Our first question today comes from the line of Amanda Sweitzer with Baird. Please proceed with your question. Thanks. Good morning. You highlighted the opportunity for further improvement in move-ins as higher conversion lead sources and respite stays return. Can you quantify that opportunity at all? Where could it take your conversion rate or index move-ins? Amanda, this is Debbie. Good morning. I just want to welcome you. I think this is your first time participating in our calls, and we want to welcome you, but I'll turn the hard work over to Justin to answer your question. Hi. I'm going to ask you to turn to page 10 of our business update, if you have it handy, where we articulate our leads and move-in and move-out volume this time in the prepared remarks. What I'd like to highlight is that the typical primary driver of lead conversion comes from professional and personal referrals. That's historically been a very strong driver throughout the pandemic. The business has been resilient. It's benefited from leads driven through company internets. It's been benefited from leads driven through referral agencies. Those referral sources should persist. What we're looking to see come back, and what has started to come back are those other referral sources, personal and professional referrals, which convert at 20%-25% each versus the overall 10% conversion rate that we experience, plus respites. To put all this together, respites have, during the pandemic, ran at about a 25% of pre-pandemic level run rate. They're back to 50% now. Personal referrals ran at 50%-60%, they're back to 94% now. Those will grow because that's simply residents and relatives referring their friends, which is phenomenal, and that will grow as our occupancy grows. Then professional referrals, if you want a leading indicator for that category, look toward healthcare activity. As healthcare and skilled nursing picks up, that's a driver of professional referrals, and those are still running at only 50%. Given that and given where our performance is and the strong net activity we have, we do feel comfortable that there's opportunity for more move-ins over time, and that's why we highlighted that. We could see a pickup in 10%, 20% of our move-in volume over time as those leads come back. We started to see it come back. You'll notice on the slide that we highlight Q1, and we know that in March and April that there's particularly respites and the personal referrals are playing a bigger role in leads and therefore driving more move-ins. Thanks for that detail. That's helpful. Following that, can you talk more about trends you're seeing within U.S. SHOPs, specifically across different acuity levels, either in terms of occupancy improvement or movements relative to 2019? Have you seen a return of a more lifestyle-driven customer in the U.S.? Yes. I can tell you that independent living performed well throughout the pandemic and continues to perform well. We have a strong concentration of independent living and social assisted living, which is otherwise known as AL lite. They have played a big role in the recovery that Debbie mentioned in her prepared remarks. There's also a little bit of a geographic lift from the southern part of the U.S., where they had 340 basis points growth relative to the 280 basis points that Debbie reported over that time period from the low part of March to the end of April. I think the bigger point is that across the U.S., it's really every asset class and geography is contributing to the recovery thus far. Thanks, Amanda. Thank you. Appreciate the time. Your next question comes from the line of Rich Anderson with SMBC. Please proceed with your question. Thanks. Good morning. Hi, Rich. This is not your first rodeo. No With Ventas, welcome too. Also, yeah. Actually, it is my 100th earning season. Few of us on the call. Congratulations. Wow. Yeah. On the disposition side, and maybe a more broad discussion is on your view of senior housing. Obviously, you're getting more excited about it, but there was a period of time where you were making it clear that your area of growth for the company was much more aligned with life science and medical office. With what you're seeing now in terms of the recovery, has that mindset sort of meaningfully changed? When you look at dispositions, where will that come out of in terms of how the pie chart might look down the road? Great. Well, in the dispositions, we've commented that we expect it to be a combination of office and senior housing. Again, Justin's here to exercise his professional judgment in terms of how we can make dispositions enhance our portfolio. A year later, he's finally getting to that. Justin, I don't know what you've been doing in between now and then. That's how we're looking at the disposition side. Then on the investment side, I would say, clearly, our priorities have been the Le Groupe Maurice ground-up developments, which is a great business model and has done consistently really well. It's been obviously the life science with the South San Francisco and Hopkins investments, as well as the ground-up developments that are opening kind of seriatim here with the pipeline behind that. Of course, we continue to look at other healthcare asset classes and senior housing. I think we really are on our front foot across our asset classes, Rich. I guess the question is senior housing a bigger piece of the puzzle two, three years out now that you're seeing what you're seeing? That's the question. Well, I believe, first of all, the most important embedded upside that we have in the company is recapturing and exceeding prior levels of NOI. As I mentioned, we have every opportunity to do so. Of course, on the investment side, you could see external growth coming from that as well. Just a quick one. On the triple-net number down 13%, you kind of listed a few good things on the IRF and LTCH side and this hospital side. What's the noise in that number that created that 13% downward number on a same-store basis year-over-year, since you're just collecting rent? I'll take that one, Rich. That's the Brookdale restructure we did, as you know, in the second half of last year. You've seen that lap. Right. If you recall, we essentially collected 2.5 y ears' worth of full rent up front. It gets run through the financial statements differently. Just a gratuitous comment, we're very pleased to see how Brookdale's reported numbers today, and glad we have the warrants. I guess I was asking again, my ghost question is, what would that 13% be if you normalize those types of things out? That's what I'm asking. Well, normalized for the big rocks that we addressed last year, you'll see escalator-type growth, Rich. That's the nature of it. Okay. Thanks very much. Yep. Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Jordan Sadler with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question. Thank you. Good morning. My question really comes back to the move-ins. Justin, I wanted to come back to your comments about the turn the lights on scenario. If you look across the portfolio, and you overlay sort of what happened in 2019, right? The 2019 move-ins and the 2019 move-outs as a percent of in-place occupancy, what does that suggest net absorption could look like in 2021? Just basically turning the lights on, as I describe it. You show up to work based on that structural advantage, 30 basis points-40 basis points a month. Obviously, we're performing well above that for the reasons I described earlier. Okay, that's helpful. Maybe as a follow-up non-sequitur, on the sort of investment opportunity that you guys are seeing, where would you say it's more heavily weighted right now? I know you guys have flagged some of the R&I opportunity, but is there more development to come there, or is it more of an acquisition story? It's both. I think it'll be a mixture of the ground-up development in senior housing as we talked about, as well as science and research and innovation. We've always been an effective consolidator as we've grown, and we're starting to see that deal volume as we talked about. I would expect there to be acquisitions as well, Jordan. Thank you for the color. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Nick Joseph with Citi. Please proceed with your question. Thanks. Maybe following up on the expected dispositions. Where are those assets right now in terms of marketing and just being identified? They're in the pipeline at differing stages. Some are already kind of out there, others are almost out there, and others are kind of on the way. It's going through the system. Worth reiterating, Nick, that we expect to close to get the proceeds in the back half of the year. It gives you a sense that they're well underway in many cases. Thanks. Then, maybe just on senior housing. You've obviously talked a lot about the forward demand drivers and the demographics. Just from an industry perspective, though, when would you expect starts to start to accelerate? Obviously, they're well down from their previous peak. Just given kind of the forward runway that you and the industry's looking at, when would you expect that to attract additional development starts? Mm-hmm. Yeah, we are evaluating that closely, and I would say that it is a matter of judgment and experience to make such a prediction. Here's what's interesting. Again, starts are dramatically better in the sense that, as Justin said, the first quarter was down gigantically from the peak, and then the lowest level since 2011. That's really, really good. We know that really when you look forward in the near term, the most important thing is even if over the next couple of years things start to get on the drawing board, you're going to have this window of opportunity where you're going to have 3%-4% CAGR on over 80 population, which ultimately spikes in 2026, 2027 over 6%, as you know. You're going to have this window of time where the kind of embedded communities are going to have some really great supply-demand tailwinds in this sort of intermediate term. Hard to say when they would pick up again. We know there are increased construction costs. We know there are supply chain issues. Those will probably delay some of the things that would start. We also know that rents right now may not be supportive of those higher construction costs. When you put all those things together, we like the forward runway as we really emerge post-pandemic into the recovery. Thank you. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Daniel Bernstein with Capital One. Please proceed with your question. Hi. Good morning. I'm going to stick with seniors housing here. I was looking at the Brookdale call this morning, and they indicated that they were looking at maybe more flat margins in 2Q and then a ramp-up in the second half of the year. I was trying to pick your brains on how you're thinking about the margin ramp in senior housing might look like given trends in occupancy. Hi, it's Justin. You would definitely expect to see the NOI growth really lag the occupancy. Revenue comes first. There's a dynamic occurring now where you have COVID expenses should come down, some of the operating expenses will come back up. Obviously, the second quarter has an extra day in it. There's some little extra expense coming from that. As you run forward, you would see margin as kind of the last lagging performance metric. Okay. Maybe a related question is how are you thinking about pricing power in the industry? Historically, we've had to be at 85%, upper 80%s of occupancy to see pricing matching inflation. Has the dynamics changed at all in terms of the industry's focus on acuity that might allow pricing power earlier than in previous cycles? Well, I would say that we get the advantage of the highly leveraged business on the way up, so it's really a volume game right now. Operators are using discounting price incentives to try to encourage volume. We would definitely expect that to continue for a period of time. One thing that just two months into this recovery, though, that we're starting to hear is more selectivity around discounting, focusing in on certain markets. Until we start to see consistent recovery and occupancies get a little higher, I would expect price to be a tool operators use to go for volume. As you know, once we build the volume, we get the benefit of the in-place increases when you turn the page to 2022. We have really been able to see pretty strong pricing power in that environment, even this January 1. That's really where you start to accrete in terms of the benefit of the volume that Justin's talking about. Yeah, that's a really good point. I appreciate the time. Thank you. Thanks. Your next question comes from the line of Juan Sanabria with BMO Capital. Please proceed with your question. Hi, good morning. Hi, Juan. A question for Justin. You've been in the seat about a year now. Curious if you've changed the approach or the management of, from an asset management perspective, of the seniors housing business, whether it's by geography or partner or things you've stamped on the enterprise. Kind of secondly or related to that, I noticed you didn't necessarily call out Eclipse in one of your top operators that constitute 90% of the SHOP business. You've previously talked about joint venturing that. Is that something that's still on the table, or how are you thinking about that relationship? Hi, Juan. I'll start with the first question. In 2020, the pandemic really drove the priorities. One thing that we did want to make sure, though, is that we had adequate resources and attention on the triple-net priorities, and we addressed a lot in 2020. Now we're moving to recovery. We certainly have resources focused on supporting operators through the recovery and taking some of the portfolio actions that I described in my remarks. In regards to Eclipse, the three operators I highlighted were Sunrise, Atria, and Le Groupe Maurice. Together, on a stabilized basis, that's 90% of our business. Eclipse is in the 10%, along with a handful of others. Okay. Just curious on the move-in data, what is the data analytics telling you about the acuity level of the people coming in? Are you seeing pent-up demand? Presumably some level, given you're over 100% of what you saw in 2019. What does the data history suggest in terms of what that may do to the length of stay, if in fact you're seeing higher acuity coming in? Yeah, that's a great question. Throughout the past 12 months, we've actually seen length of stay go up. Part of the driver of that was that reduced respite business that I described earlier. Length of stay has gone up a little bit. It'll come down a little bit as we bring more short-term stays back into the pipeline. In regards to pent-up demand, if you look at the leads, it's page nine in the business update, you'll notice that leads are at about 104%. When we think about pent-up demand, I think of 120%, 130%, some big number that's lined up, and we really just look at it as demand. Demand that's not even fully supported by traditional lead sources. Not so much pent-up, but certainly we're pleased with the recovery thus far. One other thing I'd mention is that as we've spoken with operators, they're not having leads come to the doorstep and say, "I've been waiting for the vaccine," or, "I've been waiting to make this decision." We actually had quite a bit of activity throughout the pandemic and if you normalize it for the communities that were closed, it was pretty consistent. We're just seeing the communities open again and some lead sources come back and providing demand for our service. Thanks, Justin. Appreciate the time. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Vikram Malhotra with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your question. Good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. Thanks for all the data on, I think slide eight, nine, and 10. A lot of useful information. That's great. Just first one, just going back to the margin and the expense side. Justin, if you can walk us through how operators are prepping for this potential increase over 2Q and potentially 3Q from a labor perspective, and all the other sort of bigger line items in terms of food and maybe even PPE. Just like how have the operators already staffed up? Do we anticipate margins inflecting in near term at least? If you could just extend that to talk about labor. Sure. Yeah. In the near term, margins we expect to be relatively flat because in total expenses, you have COVID coming down, you have other operating expenses coming up. If you look ahead at our quarter, we're projecting around $7.5 million of expense growth. Half of that's just an extra day in the quarter. The rest is a mix of just labor costs and other expenses. It's not really a big mover in the near term. As we get into more occupancy recovery, of course, we would expect expenses to lift a bit. We would expect a very high margin on that incremental revenue. Maybe just, Debbie, bigger picture, given this recovery and the potential now you're citing over a multi-year period, maybe give us some color on whether you're maybe rethinking the acquisition focus in terms of buckets. Is there an opportunity for Ventas to get more aggressive on senior housing in certain areas? Or are you sticking sort of a more balanced approach? Again, we do highly subscribe to the benefits of diversification, Vikram. It has served us incredibly well over the years, and particularly over the last year. We have always been big believers in the Senior Living business. We're excited that we have this recovery upside opportunity embedded in our portfolio now, and we intend to capture that. Also, we totally do intend to invest and acquire senior housing, assuming we find assets of equality and in markets where we think it's really going to provide good risk-adjusted return. Yes, we would certainly expect to have that in our acquisition buckets. Thank you. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Lukas Hartwich with Green Street. Please proceed with your question. Thanks. When it comes to capital allocation, can you just provide an update on the house view on senior housing development in the U.S.? I'm just curious what the opportunity set looks like in terms of size and maybe returns. Mm-hmm. Well, we talked about it a little bit. Good morning to you and welcome to you also. We talked about it a little bit. Construction costs are relatively high. We do know we have the growth in the 80+ population, which is really fueling this demographic demand that we have. Right now, I think really with the existing investment basis that we have in senior housing, again, the big opportunity is to recover that. There's an opportunity to invest in this great business model that we have in Canada with LGM. We certainly would look at senior housing ground-up development in the U.S. because of the demand. From a cost standpoint, as we discussed, I think you'd have to be cautious to make sure that the returns penciled out to measure it with the risk. That's helpful. On the disposition guidance, when it comes to SHOP, I'm just curious how you're thinking about selling now versus waiting to let the story on fundamentals improve for that segment. Great. Yep, very important question. Justin, why don't you address that? Sure. One of the big priorities is to make sure that we're well-positioned for the recovery. I mentioned some of the operators. There's certainly communities that have probably less potential to contribute to the recovery or may not be a long-term fit for us or may be a better fit in the hands of a different operator. There's a lot of review underway and actions that we're considering that should net really positive in terms of the overall quality and growth of our portfolio. Very helpful. Thank you. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Steven Valiquette with Barclays. Please proceed with your question. Thanks. Good morning, everybody. Good morning. Good morning. Just using round numbers here. First, my question also relates to the operating leverage within the SHOP portfolio that was touched on earlier. Just using round numbers, you lost about 1,000 bps of occupancy, close to 1,000 bps of NOI margin when we take stimulus out of the equation. That's pretty much in line with the industry averages. You did talk about the lag in the NOI margin recovery versus occupancy recovery this year in 2021. Over the next few years, should we assume that the SHOP NOI margins ultimately get back to that 29%-30% range that we saw in 2019 pre-pandemic? Just want to confirm the longer-term view around that dynamic. Thanks. Hi, it's Justin. I'll just mention that the answer is yes. There was a question earlier on the call that talked about pricing power. Pricing is going to be volume first. Then as pricing returns, that's going to help margin get all the way back to pre-pandemic levels. Together with the underlying fundamentals that we need to keep pointing to, supply-demand equation, and again, as occupancy begins to rehydrate, in- place increases, more pricing power. I don't think there's any reason to believe anything other than we'll get back to normal over time. Okay. That's helpful just to reinforce that. Thanks. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Nick Yulico with Scotiabank. Please proceed with your question. Thanks. Good morning, everyone. Just going back to the move-in data and the topic of pent-up demand. I think you said it earlier in the call that April was the most move-ins you've had in a single month since June of 2019, and then you're also saying that you didn't think that there was that much pent-up demand. I'm just trying to square those two comments together because it seems like if the move-ins are that high, there is some level of pent-up demand that's benefiting move-ins right now. Yeah, that's really not what we're hearing. It very well could be just organic demand. Go ahead, Justin. I was just going to say there's one other point that I didn't mention earlier. I mentioned in the prepared remarks, the move-outs being lower as well. There's a certain amount of just kind of structural netting that's going to occur. You have the resurgence of the higher converting leads. They're not all the way back yet. That combined with the feedback from the operators in terms of what they're seeing at their door, it's not something we'd necessarily characterize as pent-up. Probably one of the biggest indicators of that, I think I mentioned earlier, is the personal referrals. These are relatives and residents referring their friends again, like as they did. The overall demand fundamentals are recovering, not necessarily pent-up demand. Okay. I guess, as we think about the guidance for the second quarter, 150 basis points-250 basis points of spot occupancy benefit, how should we think about that as a sequential benefit in future quarters? Meaning, is this an unusually large benefit that you're expecting in the second quarter because your move-outs are low and eventually move-outs will pick up? You have sort of this high level of move-in activity right now, which is high conversion rate, but we'll see how that moves going forward. Just trying to think about, as we're thinking about the sequential occupancy build going forward here, is the second quarter number a reasonable number to think that carries through in the future, or are there some unusual benefits in the second quarter? I'd highlight what Justin described as the turn on the light scenario, which is the lower occupancy means lower move-outs at the same rate of move-out. That over time goes away, obviously, as occupancy goes up. In that regard, that's temporal. The move-ins and the sort of 100%-110% before some of these incremental referrals would suggest there should be continued move-in opportunity. Over time, this isn't pent-up so much as just real demand. Put those together, and it not only benefits the second quarter, but should benefit the future. Okay. Helpful. Thanks, everyone. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Michael Carroll with RBC Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question. Yeah, thanks. Just off of, I guess Nick's question on pent-up demand, and I'm sorry, I see my phone breakout, so you might have answered this already if I missed it. I know you haven't liked the term of pent-up demand, and I've been hearing a few times on this call. Do you expect that we'll see some level of pent-up demand that could drive leads and move-ins higher from today's level over the next few months, or how should we think about that? Our bias really, Mike, is that this is organic demand that is based upon the need-based nature of the communities and the availability of the communities, and it is strong, resilient, organic demand, and that's really good. Whether it's pent-up or not, we aren't hearing from good sources that it's anything other than move-ins that would have moved in now anyway. Wonderful. I don't know if that makes it more clear, but go ahead, Justin. Try. I'll add one other- Yeah. One other point. On page nine, if you ignore the first two months, so it is April, May, the beginning of the pandemic, and you just draw a straight line across the averages. Even during the pandemic, we were running 80% leads, move-ins. Right levels. We had 20% of our communities closed at any given time. People continued to move in as they had the need. Yes, I was actually looking at that on page nine of the deck. You can see that. That's why I think we keep using this word resilient, which I know we use frequently, but it really is sustained need-based demand from a growing demographic, and that is very positive. Okay. Yeah, I was just trying to get to that. Do we expect pent-up demand could enter the market as these other referral sources come on, and we could see some of those leads and move-ins even move higher from this point? Well, they could because when you think about it, maybe whatever you want to call it is okay with us. When you think about it, for example, when UnitedHealthcare reported and they said really that senior level medical procedures and surgeries and things really hadn't bounced fully back. Okay? You connect that with what Justin said earlier, that really a leading indicator of those kind of professional referrals would be really healthcare procedures. As those seniors start to have those procedures, if you look at that and then you see those professional referrals come back, you could characterize that, if you want, as pent-up demand as they had delayed those surgeries and so on. I don't want to quibble over words. I think what's good is there's really good demand, and we're seeing it come through, and it's been two consecutive months, and we hope and are projecting for the second quarter that it will continue. Okay. Just one more real quick. The lead data that you have in the presentation, I guess, what's the breakout of that between U.S. and Canada? Obviously, Canada's been a little bit weaker due to the COVID outbreak. Is leads in the U.S. higher than Canada? Yeah. The way I'd characterize Canada maybe is not around leads, it's more around just their move-in activity. Canada, a page you might look at is page seven, where at the top there's a purple number four. That really just marks when Canada had 75% of the communities vaccinated. You could see that's much later than the U.S. The good news is we know once we got there in the U.S., that the trends have been phenomenally strong. We would expect the same thing in Canada. There was a little bit of underperformance. You can see that on the next page where Canada in March was - 20 basis points. Obviously, U.S. was up 80 basis points during that time. They're just lagging a little bit. The vaccines came later. They've been a good performer for us. We would expect them to come back as the vaccines are fully executed. Okay, great. Thanks. Mike, thanks. Again, compliments on your life science report. Appreciate it. Take care. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Joshua Dennerlein with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question. Yeah. Good morning, everyone. Hi. I have a question on margins. Just kind of thinking about the SHOP margins kind of going forward, is there anything structural that you're seeing that would prevent the SHOP margin from hitting their pre-pandemic levels, kind of once we return to pre-pandemic occupancy levels? Sure. Josh, I think fundamentally, structurally, as we look at it, there isn't anything structurally that would suggest that the margin structure is changing fundamentally. Timing of that, to be determined, obviously. Again, the value proposition in senior housing, the demand that we've seen through the pandemic and that we're seeing especially now in the second quarter, and pricing power, which will return over time, we believe, will give some confidence in that. Okay. It does sound like once we get to a pre-pandemic level, we should see the margins kind of hit roughly the same. I guess what I'm asking is, are you going to do anything differently on the operator front as far as cleaning protocols that might be higher expenses going forward or anything like that? I'd say on the margin, there might be some of that. It's going to be relatively limited moving forward once the pandemic gets further behind us. We're definitely comfortable that margins come back. Okay. Then thinking another question that was kind of briefly touched on, but just wanted to ask kind of a little bit differently on new rates for move-ins. What's the current level of discounting going on? Is it one month free or any kind of gauge there would be helpful? There's basically you name it. There's one month free being given, there's waiving the community fees. There's just the kind of structurally lower rent being offered. Typically, care charges are never discounted. Rent and community fees are fair game, and operators tend to give them upfront so you can get the impact of the discounts behind us. There's a wide variety of discounting right now in the market. Okay. Has that accelerated over the past month, or is it kind of holding just steady at this point? It's been relatively steady. Yeah. It found its way into the system last fall, and it's been relatively steady. Like I said earlier, operators are starting to get very focused on local markets and pulling back on the discounting where they're already seeing recovery. One stat I'll mention that kind of supports that is that 16% of our communities at the end of April are back to pre-pandemic occupancies. You would imagine that they have pricing power now moving forward again. Operators are identifying those communities. They're starting to tighten a little bit on the discounting. Obviously, that'll be supportive of NOI growth. Great. Thank you. Thanks. Your next question comes from the line of Sarah Tan with JP Morgan. Please proceed with your question. Hi, good morning. I'm Sarah on for Mike Mueller. Just wanted for Justin regarding the senior housing operating portfolio specifically. I think you alluded to some demand differences between the southern and northern geographies. What are you seeing in terms of similarities or differences between more urban assets and the ones in the suburbs? Yeah, sure. There's been a wide I'd say the recovery has been experienced in every geography. There's been a little bit of difference. The only real meaningful difference that we can point to is really the South and the Southeast. If you dig down into local markets, New York is one that comes to mind that we visited recently. Obviously, they had a very bad early experience with the pandemic. Several of those communities have very, very high leads and move-ins. You're seeing some recovery happen. In the Northeast, it's going to vary by asset type and price point. There's a lot of shaking out to do, I think, before we really start calling markets or particular asset classes. It's still really early. The widespread recovery is very encouraging. Okay. Thank you so much. That's all for me. Thanks, Sarah. Okay. Let's bring it home. Your last question for today comes from the line of Omotayo Okusanya with Mizuho. Please proceed with your question. Tayo? You may be on mute. Hello, can you hear me? We can now. Excellent. I'm batting last. That's great. Congrats on the great quarter. Thank you. Justin, this one is specifically for you. Again, the occupancy gains since year low s, in the past, let's call it 60 days, have been really, really strong. Your 2Q guidance, your assumptions are also really, really strong. When you have a peer out there who's also seeing similar trends but doesn't seem quite as strong as the numbers you're seeing and the numbers you're kind of forecasting. Can you talk a little bit about why that may be, why this kind of meaningful difference between the two, let's call it near-term outlook? Yeah, I really can't comment on what the peers are seeing, but just within our own market and what we're seeing in terms of performance and leads and et cetera, there continues to be strong support for move-ins. As I mentioned earlier, with move-outs being structurally lower, there's strong support for netting. That's what we're seeing. Right. We also had strong outperformance in the first quarter, and that's obviously helping that momentum. Right. Then from a recovery perspective, Justin, thematically, is it the higher end of the market that's recovering faster than the lower price points? Is it the states that kind of got hit with COVID first that have kind of now recovered faster? Just curious if you can kind of share any kind of, when you look at the data, themes you're picking up. That's a great question, and I can tell you that we're looking for those correlations, and we're not seeing them yet. What we know is that in the U.S., there's been widespread recovery. We know that Canada is lagging, but it's a traditionally very strong performer. We'll study it closely as the trends materialize. All right. Still more to come. All right. That's great. Thank you all. Great. Well, thanks for wrapping the call up in a bow. I want to thank everyone who joined us this morning. We sincerely appreciate your participation and your interest in Ventas, and we look forward to speaking with you again soon. Thank you. And this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.