Good morning. Welcome to the Waters Corporation Fourth Quarter 2024 Financial Results Conference Call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode until the question-and-answer session begins. This call is being recorded. If you have any objections, please disconnect at this time. It is now my pleasure to turn the call over to Mr. Caspar Tudor, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir. Thank you, Danny. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the Waters Corporation fourth quarter earnings call. Today I'm joined by Dr. Udit Batra, Waters' President and Chief Executive Officer, and Amol Chaubal, Waters' Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I will cover the cautionary language. In this conference call, we will make forward-looking statements regarding future events or future financial performance of the company. We will provide guidance regarding possible future results as well as commentary on potential market and business conditions that may impact Waters Corporation over the first quarter of 2025 and full year 2025. These statements are only our present expectations, and actual events or results may differ materially. Please see the risk factors included within our Form 10-K, our Form 10-Qs, and the cautionary language included in this morning's earnings release. During today's call, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are attached to our earnings release and in the appendix of the slide presentation accompanying today's call. Both are available on the Investor Relations section of our website. Unless stated otherwise, references to quarterly results increasing or decreasing are in comparison to the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023. In addition, unless stated otherwise, all year-over-year revenue growth rates and ranges given on today's call are on a comparable organic constant currency basis. Finally, we do not intend to update our guidance, predictions, or projections except as part of a regularly scheduled earnings release or as otherwise required by law. Now, I'd like to hand the call over to Udit to deliver our key remarks. Amol will then present a more detailed overview of our results and guidance, and then after, we'll open the phone lines for questions. Over to you, Udit. Thank you, Caspar, and good morning, everyone. We delivered an excellent finish to 2024 in the fourth quarter, achieving high single-digit constant currency revenue growth and low-teens adjusted EPS growth. In pharma, which is our largest end market, sales grew low double digits. Before diving into the details, I want to thank my colleagues at Waters for their resilience, innovative spirit, and collaboration. This fuels our strong sales performance and operational achievements as we accelerate the benefits of pioneering science. Throughout the year, our message has remained clear and consistent. We're executing well in an analytical instruments and systems market that is beginning its recovery. The innovation in our revitalized portfolio is well aligned with customer unmet needs at a time when instruments are ripe for replacement. Our focus and leadership position in downstream high-volume life science applications has earned us a unique exposure to an exciting mix of fast-growing high-volume testing opportunities. This includes GLP-1 testing, PFAS testing, and the generics market in India. Today, I'm pleased to share the latest proof points that demonstrate our favorable position right at a time when a recovery in customer CapEx spending and instrument replacement is beginning to kick into gear. I expect this strength and momentum to continue into 2025, and we will cover this later in the call. Turning now to our results. In the fourth quarter, sales grew 6.4% as reported and 8% in constant currency. Sales exceeded the high end of our guidance range as growth accelerated across all our three reported regions. Instruments grew 8%, outpacing our expectations as LC, mass spec, light scattering, and TA system sales each grew high single digits or better. Recurring revenues grew 9%, also marking an improvement from the previous quarter with chemistry and service both up high single digits. We continued to build momentum, delivering a high-teens quarter-over-quarter revenue ramp while funnel activity remains strong. We also achieved outstanding results within our P&L. With our sustained focus on operational excellence, our non-GAAP earnings per share was $4.10, reflecting 13% EPS growth. Excluding the impact of FX, our adjusted EPS grew 22%. On a GAAP basis, EPS was $3.88. Turning now to the full year, sales were flat as reported and in organic constant currency as our quarterly growth performance improved every quarter. Recurring revenue grew 6% once again, underscoring the unique resilience of our recurring portfolio across various market conditions. With a strong EPS result in Q4, our full year non-GAAP earnings per fully diluted share was $11.86. This reflects 1% growth and includes a 5% decline due to foreign exchange headwinds. On a GAAP basis, EPS was $10.71 per share. Breaking out our results in more detail, we saw strong broad-based growth in the fourth quarter. Strength was led by our pharma and academic end markets, both of which grew double digits. In pharma, sales grew 10%, led by low double-digit growth in Europe and Asia and high single-digit growth in the Americas. In particular, spending amongst large pharma, contract manufacturing organizations, and generics customers continued to recover, where our revenue is tied to high-volume regulated QA/QC applications. In our non-pharma segments, sales grew 6%, led by low double-digit growth in Europe, mid-single-digit growth in Asia, and low single-digit growth in the Americas. We saw strong growth in the A&G segment across Asia, including China, Japan, and India, as well as in Europe. By geography, Europe grew 11%, Asia 9%, Americas 6%. In China, overall sales returned to positive growth in China and was up low single digits. Although altogether, these results reflect excellent momentum into the year end, I would now like to share more in-depth commentary on what drove our strong performance. With our commercial focus and disciplined execution, we continue to deliver impressive outcomes, driving like-for-like pricing gains. We also capitalized on the success of our new product launches, achieved strong placement of our new flagship products that command a price premium due to their unmatched benefits in solving customer unmet needs. Within LC, Alliance iS has paved the way for smarter, more capable liquid chromatography separation that minimizes user errors. In the fourth quarter, sales more than doubled quarter- over- quarter. Alliance iS constituted 20% of our HPLC revenue in the fourth quarter after adoption continued to scale throughout the year. Within mass spec, the Xevo TQ Absolute system remained our best-selling mass spectrometer with its market-leading sensitivity and sustainable design. In the fourth quarter, unit sales grew 40% year-over-year and constituted 50% of our tandem quad revenue. As a reminder, tandem quads are the most suitable mass specs for high-volume quantitative measurements in compliant settings. The Xevo TQ Absolute has been a key driver of the strong results we've achieved in PFAS testing and in clinical applications. Our PFAS revenue grew over 40% in the fourth quarter and for the year. PFAS testing is a $400 million global market growing at 20% annually, so this represents growth at approximately twice the market for the second consecutive year. For clinical, total clinical revenue grew low teens in the quarter, driven in part by strong sales of the IVD version of the Xevo TQ Absolute. Within our chemistry consumables business, our newer column launches aimed at separating larger, more complex molecules like biologics and novel modalities continue to perform ahead of expectations. MaxPeak Premier columns sales grew over 30% in the quarter and over 40% for the year. With success of our new column launches, our exposure to higher growth, large molecule applications has risen. Large molecule applications are now approximately 40% of our pharma chemistry revenue and growing. Our service team has continued to make strides in increasing plan attachment. For the first time, over 50% of our active install base has a service plan in place. SDI recently recognized our service team for delivering the highest service satisfaction scores among all instrument vendors. At the same time, our net promoter scores lead the industry according to Technology and Services Industry Association. During the quarter, our unique exposure to new high-volume testing drivers also contributed to our growth. This includes novel therapeutic areas such as GLP-1 testing, PFAS testing applications in food and environmental testing, and the expanding generic drug market in India. All three represent a compelling growth opportunity for Waters based on our leadership position in downstream high-volume life science applications. In 2024, we performed very well against our growth expectations in each of these areas. In the near to midterm, we continue to expect 30 basis points annual average growth accretion from both GLP-1 testing and PFAS testing, while India is expected to add 70- 100 basis points to the growth. Now, I will talk more about our operational performance. Our team faced numerous margin challenges throughout the year, including FX, inflation, and the normalization of annual incentive compensation. Despite a rapid strengthening of the U.S. dollar during the fourth quarter, our unwavering focus on operational excellence allowed us to counteract the currency headwinds. We achieved a 60 basis point increase in adjusted operating margin to 35.5% after absorbing 220 basis points of FX impact. Offsetting currency and macroeconomic headwinds is something our team has gotten very good at. For the full year, we achieved year-over-year adjusted operating margin expansion, closing the year at 31%. This is after absorbing 130 basis points of FX-related impact. As we look ahead, while no two macroeconomic environments are the same, instrument down cycles have historically been followed by an up cycle as a new instrument replacement cycle emerges. During these uptrends, instrument growth has typically been 2%- 3% higher than the long-term average of 5%. Currently, our instrument growth sits at 2% on a five-year CAGR basis versus 2019. This comes after weak macroeconomic conditions put temporary constraints on customer CapEx spending for downstream instrumentation in recent years. The growth catch-up opportunity from this deferred instrument replacement is beginning to kick into gear. Meanwhile, in the longer- term, we expect the average growth rate of instruments to actually trend higher than the historical 5%, driven by higher volume trends, new application areas like large molecules, and better pricing dynamics. Together with the progress we've made in our high-growth adjacencies, Waters is well positioned for an exciting new era of growth as the analytical instrument market continues to recover. This also coincides with the launch of a new wave of commercial and value creation initiatives that we look forward to discussing in detail at our upcoming Investor Day. I will now cover the 2025 full year guidance. Customer spending has shown steady signs of recovery in analytical instruments, particularly in the downstream high-volume settings that we serve. We expect these positive trends to continue into 2025. Our team continues to execute well with our revitalized portfolio at a time when instrument replacement is beginning to pick up. Together, our resilient recurring revenue growth and the ongoing impact of our idiosyncratic growth drivers, we anticipate continuing our strong momentum into 2025. These dynamics support full year 2025 constant currency sales growth guidance of 4.5%-7%. Within the P&L, the recent strengthening of the U.S. dollar introduced additional foreign exchange headwinds. Nevertheless, we plan to counterbalance these impacts with robust operational performance, sustaining our margin expansion trends into 2025. This translates to a full year 2025 earnings per fully diluted share guidance of $12.70-$13. On a non-GAAP basis, this is a 7%-10% growth versus our 2024 and includes an estimated headwind of approximately 4% due to unfavorable foreign exchange. Now, I will pass the call over to Amol to cover our financial results in more detail and provide further details on our guidance. Amol. Thank you, Udit, and good morning, everyone. In the fourth quarter, we delivered a strong finish to the year. Sales of $873 million grew 6% as reported and 8% in constant currency as both instruments and recurring revenues grew high single digits. With our strong commercial execution and new product portfolio, we benefited from budget flush as overall sales ramped up $132 million, or 18% quarter- over- quarter. This was meaningfully higher than the mid-teens ramp assumption in our guidance. In constant currency terms, by end market, pharma grew 10%, industrial grew 2%, and academic and government grew 16%. In pharma, sales grew 12% in Asia, 10% in Europe, and 9% in Americas. Instruments sales grew high single digits, led by liquid chromatography as deferred customer spending continued its early stages of recovery. In industrial, growth was led by our TA division, which also grew high single digits amid strength in batteries, advanced materials, and chemical testing. Within our Waters division, we continued to see strong growth in PFAS-related applications, which grew over 40% in the quarter. In academic and government, the strong performance was driven by 35% growth in Asia and 20% growth in Europe. Within Asia, growth was broad-based. By geography, each of our three reported regions saw significant growth acceleration versus the prior quarter. Europe grew 11%, Asia grew 9%, and Americas grew 6%, each with broad strength across our end markets. In China, sales returned to growth, up low single digits. By products and services, instruments grew 8%, reflecting broad strength across our instrument portfolio, including LC, mass spec, light scattering, and TA. In recurring revenue, chemistry grew 7% and service grew 9% as customer activity remained strong with high utilization of our install base. Our robust growth has been supported by our commercial initiatives in areas such as service plan attachment, e-commerce adoption, and launch of our new bioseparation columns. Turning now to full year results, sales of $2.96 billion were flat as reported and flat in organic constant currency terms. By end market, pharma grew 1%, industrial was flat, and academic and government declined 7%. By geography, Europe grew 2%, while Americas and Asia both declined 1%. Asia ex-China grew high single digits, while China declined low double digits as expected. By products and services, instrument growth rates recovered throughout the year and declined 7% overall. Recurring revenues grew 6%, reflecting the resilience of our chemistry consumables and service businesses. Now, I will comment on our fourth quarter and full year non-GAAP financial performance versus last year. During the fourth quarter, the U.S. dollar strengthened significantly. With our focus on operational excellence, including pricing, productivity, and cost management, we were able to offset the impact. Gross margin was 60.1% for the quarter and 59.4% for the full year. Excluding FX, gross margin expanded 60 basis points and 80 basis points respectively. For the quarter, adjusted operating margin expanded 60 basis points to 35.5%. For the full year, adjusted operating margin expanded to 31% after absorbing 130 basis points of adverse FX impact, as well as the normalization of annual incentive compensation. As we look ahead, we are well positioned to continue our margin expansion journey through our productivity initiatives and take our profitability to new heights. Together with better than expected sales volume, our strong operational performance drove 13% growth in non-GAAP earnings per fully diluted share to $4.10. This landed at the high end of our guidance range, even with an FX headwind that was $0.23 greater than anticipated. On GAAP basis, EPS was $3.88. For the full year, non-GAAP EPS grew 1% to $11.86. This includes a decline of approximately 5% due to foreign exchange headwinds. On a GAAP basis, EPS was $10.71. Our effective adjusted operating tax rate was 16.9% for the quarter and 16.4% for the full year. Our average share count was 59.6 million for the quarter and for the full year. Turning now to free cash flow, capital deployment, and our balance sheet, we define free cash flow as cash from operations, less capital expenditures, and excludes special items. In the fourth quarter of 2024, free cash flow was $188 million after funding $52 million of capital expenditures, including the purchase of $13 million manufacturing facility in Colorado. For the full year, free cash flow was $744 million, or 25% of sales, resulting in a free cash flow to adjusted net income conversion ratio of 105%. With the strong free cash flow generation in our business model, we've made solid progress delivering our balance sheet, and our net debt position is now approaching pre-Wyatt acquisition levels. In the fourth quarter, we reduced debt by approximately $200 million, resulting in approximately $900 million of debt repayments made in 2024. At the end of the quarter, our net debt position was approximately $1.3 billion, which is net debt to EBITDA ratio of about 1.3 x. We maintain a strong balance sheet, access to liquidity, and a well-structured debt maturity profile. This strength allows us to prioritize investing in growth. We continue to evaluate M&A opportunities that will enhance value creation for our shareholders. We'll also evaluate the resumption of our share repurchase program during the course of 2025. Now, I would like to share further commentary on our 2025 outlook. Customer spending has shown steady signs of recovery in analytical instruments, particularly in downstream high-volume settings that we serve. We expect these positive trends to continue into 2025. Our team is executing very well with our revitalized portfolio. Together with our resilient recurring revenue growth and supported by our ongoing impact of our idiosyncratic growth drivers, we anticipate achieving strong results again in 2025. These dynamics support full year 2025 constant currency sales growth guidance of 4.5%-7%. At current exchange rates, currency translation is expected to result in a negative impact of 2% on full year sales. Therefore, our total reported sales growth guidance is approximately 2.5%-5%. Within the P&L, we plan to counterbalance the impact of foreign exchange headwinds through continued robust operational performance, sustaining our strong margin performance into 2025. We expect to deliver a gross margin of 59.6% and an adjusted operating margin of 31.2% for the full year. In both cases, this represents 20 basis points of net year-over-year expansion, net of 40 basis points of FX headwind. We expect our full year net interest expense to be approximately $46 million. Our full year tax rate is expected to be largely consistent with 2024 levels at 16.5%, as we anticipate mitigating the incremental effects of Pillar 2, including those relating to Singapore. Our average diluted share count is expected to be approximately 59.3 million. Rolling all this together, on a Non-GAAP basis, our full year 2025 earnings per fully diluted share guidance is projected in the range of $12.70-$13, which is approximately 7%-10% growth and includes an estimated headwind of approximately 4% due to unfavorable foreign exchange. Looking to the first quarter of 2025, our constant currency sales growth guidance is projected in the range of 4%-7%. At current rates, currency translation is expected to subtract approximately 3%. Therefore, our total first quarter reported sales growth guidance is 1% -4%. The first quarter of 2025 has two fewer days than the first quarter of 2024. At the same time, the fourth quarter of 2024 had two additional days than the fourth quarter of 2023. Based on these dynamics, together with our 4%-7% constant currency sales growth guidance and an expected 7 percentage points of currency headwind on earnings, first quarter non-GAAP earnings per fully diluted share is estimated to be in the range of $2.17-$2.25. Now, I would like to turn the call back to Udit for our closing comments. Udit. Thank you, Amol. 2024 was a defining year for Waters. We delivered excellent sales and operational performance, capitalized on the momentum of our new product launches, and saw strong contribution from our idiosyncratic growth drivers. We also made continued progress in our high-growth adjacencies. As we look to 2025, there is a lot to be excited about. We're coming out of the gate stronger than ever in market conditions that are beginning to recover. We are confident in our ability to deliver enhanced value for our shareholders. With that, I will turn the call back over to Caspar. Thanks, Udit. That concludes our formal comme nts. Dani, we are now ready to open the phone lines for questions. We will now begin the Q&A. If you would like to ask a question, please use the raise hand feature at the bottom of your screen. If you are dialed in by telephone, please press star nine to raise your hand and star six to unmute. Please accept the prompt and unmute your audio when called upon. As a reminder, we are allowing one question and one follow-up. We will wait a moment to allow the queue to form. Our first question comes from Tycho Peterson at Jefferies. You may now unmute your line and ask your question. All right, Tycho Peterson. Hey, so Udit, I'm wondering if you could talk a little more just on, you know, a couple of things. One, budget flush dynamics, you know, to what degree you thought, you know, you had pulled forward here with the new administration and, you know, quantify any budget flush impact. And then on replacement cycle, just talk a little bit about where we are in the process. You know, you've talked in the past about customers bringing IT and procurement to the table. You know, how widespread is it among your pharma customer base? And where do you think you go in terms of, you know, IS mix by the end of the year? I know you talked that it was 20% in the fourth quarter. And then the follow-up is just capital allocation. You know, you're down to 1.3 turns leverage. What's the appetite to resume, you know, share repurchases versus look at M&A? And, you know, what's the appetite if it's the latter for larger deals? You know, what can you say about max leverage thresholds and appetite to issue stock? Thanks. Thank you, Tscho, and good morning. Good morning again. Look, firstly, on the budget flush, 2024 was really almost a typical year. We saw a high teens ramp from Q3 to Q4, and that was helped by the sales momentum that we saw at the end of the year, so rather a typical budget flush, if you want to call it that. Now, to your question on the replacement cycle, look, we finished the year extremely strong, right, so high single digit of instrument growth, and LC, as you mentioned, Alliance iS is now 20% of our HPLC sales. Really, really solid performance. Pharma grew double digits to finish the year, and driven by large pharma, where the replacement cycle has begun, and the conversations, as I mentioned in the last quarter, are now quite widespread. So the double digit growth in pharma, the pharma segment driven by large pharma initiating replacement, CDMOs, which are also starting to see good momentum, and of course, continued good performance in India in the generics market. And all of it, as I mentioned earlier, is of course driven by our late stage focus in QA/QC in manufacturing, where instruments are tied to instrument replacement is tied to sort of the usage, and that scales with the volume. And it's really helped in no small part due to our strong new portfolio, especially driven by Alliance iS in the HPLC space. So feel very good about where we stand on the instrument replacement cycle, and the funnels going into the year are very strong. So expect really no change in what we're seeing from our customers. So I'll hand over now to Amol to talk a bit about the capital allocation. Yeah, look, I mean, we continue to look at assets that sort of align with our value acceleration goals. Clearly, we've said we don't mind going up to 2.5x because we can deliver pretty quickly, as you've seen with Wyatt. And most critically, we want to be financially disciplined when we look at these targets and make sure sort of these assets are EPS accretive and create a good high single digit ROIC at least by year five. Thank you, Amol. Our next question comes from Vijay Kumar at Evercore ISI. Please unmute yourself to ask your question. Hi, Udit. Good morning, and thank you for taking my question. Congrats on a really nice sprint here. But maybe before I get to my questions, I just want to make a small clarification. I would characterize Tycho as a friendly, crazy scientist. I think it has a better ring to it. So there you go, Tycho. I guess if you, Udit, on the guidance here, this 4.5%-7%, it's best in class so far, right, relative to tools, some of your peers. How are you incorporating some of the macro-related risks? You know, when you think about tariffs, perhaps NIH, you know, spending cuts, perhaps potential cuts to agencies like EPA. I'm just curious on how that was baked into the guidance, and I had one follow-up. Sure. So thanks, thanks, Vijay. I think as you start talking about sort of Tycho, I should also say, and I forgot to say it in the prepared remarks, go Eagles. We're big Eagles fans here, so just wanted to insert that before answering your question. On the guidance itself, look, we finished the year with high single-digit growth, right? And we saw strength in pharma, double-digit growth in pharma. We saw strength in ENG, new products with the Alliance iS, now almost 20% of the total revenue in Q4 for HPLC, Xevo TQ Absolute, now almost 50% of the total revenue in quantitative mass spec. New products are doing extremely well, and they're serving these idiosyncratic growth drivers, GLP-1s, PFAS testing, the India generics market. So it's a very good setup as we go into 2025. We expect the same sort of trends to continue. Now, if you just look at the guidance, it's 4.5%-7%. Recurring revenues have grown 6%-7% through all sorts of macro cycles, right? So there's not much more evidence required there on what's going to happen there. So let's assume that that's the higher end of the guidance. Then instruments need to grow roughly 4%-4.5% for us to get to the midpoint of the guidance. Finishing the year of instruments at high single digits with the replacement cycle really beginning in earnest across large pharma where we see really good strength. Funnels are very strong. I spent some time with our sales team across the globe as sales meetings are ongoing, and there's a lot of excitement with our new portfolio. There's a lot of excitement in the discussions that are taking place, especially with large pharma and the CDMOs. So feel very good about what we see in the funnels. New products are gaining traction. So same sort of trends are moving into 2024. There is no reason why we should not be able to meet and exceed the lower end of the guide with all the positive trends that we're seeing. We built a bit of prudence on the lower end of the guide at 4.5%. We will start to get more constructive as the year progresses. I hope that gives you some flavor of what we're thinking about in the full year. 4.5% in the lower end sort of measures has some measure of prudence. As we see any sort of headwinds, we should be able to more than combat it and meet the guidance. That's helpful, Udit. Maybe one follow-up on, you know, when you think about the components of guidance, PFAS, GLP-1, are we still assuming 30 basis points of contribution, h ow are you thinking about China, India within that guidance framework and pricing contribution? Yeah, a big question. Let me try to address the idiosyncratic pieces, the GLP-1 and PFAS. First, GLP-1s, I mean, we're going from strength to strength. As you know, we have 100% of our column, 100% share in the columns usage. We have a significant share in instrument usage, and we are the number one player in online testing for GLP-1. So we do expect the 30 basis points to continue. We have a good line of sight on it. PFAS testing, we finished the year with 60 basis points of contribution to the overall growth. But we're assuming for in the 2025 guidance, a 30 basis points accretion. So both of them are 30 + 30. India has contributed over 100 basis points in 2024, finishing the year, finishing Q4 at over 30% growth, right? For the full year, India on a constant currency basis was over 25% growth, right? So we've assumed India will be at least 70 - 100 basis points accretive to the growth going forward. China, we've sort of maintained our low single digit posture there, right? So China, Q4 came in as expected, low single digit growth, modest contribution from stimulus. We expect the same in 2025. So China could, as the stimulus comes in, could give us a bit of an upside. And the last one on pricing, closer to 200 basis points. Our next question comes from Puneet Souda at Leerink Partners. Please unmute your line and ask your question. Yeah, hi, Udit. Thanks for the questions here. So first one, you know, just wanted to touch on the first quarter guide, 4% - 7%, a little bit wider than historical patterns. Just want to clarify, I know you talked about the full year guide, but just, you know, given the recent NIH cuts and potential for academic freezing there in instrumentation in the near- term, sort of just help us understand how are you baking that in for the U.S. academic side and how should we think about the 4% versus the 7%? I mean, the dynamics that need to play out in the quarter. Already we are in Q1, so I'm sure you've thought about, you know, before setting the guide as to on the lower end versus the higher end, if you could elaborate a bit. Yeah, so look, I mean, in Q4, we grew 8% constant currency. Keep in mind, Q4 benefited by two extra days, which is roughly 1% extra growth, and then Q1 this year has two less days, so you know, sort of has the reverse dynamic, so net net, where we are guiding at the midpoint, roughly is in line with how we performed in Q4 due to the day's impact, right? Now, the guidance range is slightly larger than usual, which, as you can appreciate, given all the uncertainties sort of that overhang the situation, and with Q1 being our smallest quarter, we've given ourselves some prudence and cushion in situation where some of these uncertainties were to materialize, and if they do materialize, we end up at the lower end of the guidance. If they don't, we end up at the higher end of our guidance, and that's on the sales side. Then keep in mind, I mean, dollars trended so significantly through the course of Q4. It now creates a 7% earnings headwind in Q1. So when you grow 4%-7% and have a 7% FX headwind on earnings, you're sort of at EPS that's flat or slightly better than flat, and that's where the EPS guide is. Maybe just to embellish a little bit on EPS in Q1, Puneet, I mean, as I mentioned earlier, I mean, this is the time for growth for Waters. We're seeing incredible growth across our key customer segments. Our sales meetings are back, and we want to invest in training our folks. People are very excited about the traction the new products are gaining. They're very excited about the chemistry piece, and we're investing in ensuring that our folks are trained, our sales teams are trained. So we're continuing to invest even in Q1. And Q1 is, again, as I mentioned, is the smallest quarter. So the sales meetings are back, and we're basically investing for growth starting already in Q1. Got it. That's helpful. And then if I could double click on both Europe and India, Europe, if you could just elaborate some of the dynamics there, budget flush, pharma versus non-pharma. And then also specifically on India, Udit, I would love to get your thoughts on 70-100 basis points contribution, again, strong throughout 2024. How do you, how are you, India team and yourself, how are you thinking about the patent cliff opportunity here? And how should we think about that opportunity getting layered into the growth algorithm over the next few years? Yeah, let me start with India, and then we'll do Europe second. Very pleased with both of those end markets. But looking at India, like I said, India Q4 was 34% constant currency growth. And for the year, 27%. India is now a meaningful contributor to Waters at over 8% of our total sales. So really feel good about what the team's been doing on the ground. We are the market share leader in the key generics companies in India, and our columns, our instruments are used there. Alliance iS is also doing well. We have the highest service attachment rate there. So really feel good about what we're doing on the ground from an execution standpoint. Looking ahead, the genericization opportunity is very significant, right? So $240 billion-$250 billion of revenues will go off patent over the next five to seven years. India continues to supply roughly 50% of the global generics market. And over half of that $240 billion-$250 billion is a small molecule. So that fits right into the current business model that exists. And half of it is biosimilars, which is now developing in many of these markets. So feel good about the opportunity going forward. And just to give you a case in point, Semaglutide genericization is expected to hit sometime in 2026. And the top generics players are already working with us to adapt and adopt the processes that the key innovators have been using. Amol, you want to start with Europe? Yeah, I mean, look, Europe is executing super well, right? 11% growth. It's across the board. Double digit growth in pharma, high single digit growth in industrial, double digit plus growth in A&G, instruments growing high single digit plus. So between how our teams are executing together with the refreshed portfolio, together with some of the idiosyncratic growth opportunities like PFAS and GLP-1s, the team is capitalizing really well in what's out there. Yeah. And I mean, just to sort of build on that, I mean, Europe's been doing extremely well for the full year and finished the year extremely strong. The academic segment at the end of the year usually sees a significant budget flush a nd we did. And as I mentioned earlier to Tycho's question, look, I mean, 2024 was a typical year for us, right, with a budget flush sort of going back to what we've seen in historic times. So really good finish to the year in Europe and very, very excited about how the year has started there with good conversations across different customer segments. Our next question comes from Eve Burstein at Bernstein. Please unmute your line and ask your question. Great. Good morning. Thanks so much for taking my question. We've talked a lot about the replacement cycle and kind of the pent-up opportunity from 2019 to 2024. But at a conference in January, you said that the instrument replacement commercial initiative was progressing well with still 15% of lagged 2015 to 2019 replacement opportunity remaining. So how does that number compare to average versus when you're coming out of a down cycle and starting an up cycle? Essentially, is that better or worse? And how much of that replacement opportunity is in China specifically? It's a good question, Eve and thanks for paying specific attention to those separate drivers. So just to sort of clarify for everyone, there are two different instrument growth drivers. One is the pent-up demand for replacement where there was deferred replacement that took place in the 2023-2024 timeframe, and replacements were deferred from that timeframe to a bit later. So that's what we're calling the replacement cycle. That is a standard cycle that occurs in the industry. And during that time, we see a 2%- 3% outperformance in instrument growth rate versus the 5% average over the long- term, right? So that's what we're calling the replacement cycle. The signs of that are rather clear when you talk to customers because the meetings that take place are with a larger number of people. They're planning a multi-year replacement. Procurement sits in that discussion. IT sits in that discussion. The lab managers sit in that discussion. And a whole bunch of folks from our side sit in those discussions. And those are widespread across the industry right now. And so we're seeing very good traction on that. What you asked about is the 15% that is pending from the transformation that we began in 2020 and 2021. And there, you'll recall we had said, look, there are roughly 13,000 instruments that should have been replaced in the 2018 to 2020 timeframe that got deferred. And we worked very hard to replace them in 2021 and 2022, but the macro cycle slowed down in 2023 and 2024. And that 15% is still pending, right? So we have a database in our CRM system, and we track this diligently, right? So people don't forget that that 15% is still pending. So you can superimpose the two. I didn't want us to now go crazy sort of with instrument growth rates. I was trying to bring the two together. But in our CRM system, we have that tracked really diligently. I hope that clarifies the replacement question. On China, we've assumed a low single digit growth. I mean, market conditions have improved over the year, but we've assumed that it's still muted. There is an impact of the stimulus expected in 2025. Again, there we've been modest. We've assumed a sort of a, sorry, mid to high single digit million contribution for the year. So we expect China to remain sort of, at least in the guide, the same. And if there's more stimulus and more replacement, we should see more dynamic growth. That's great. Thanks a lot for clarifying. One clarification just on price. You said in response to Vijay, pricing was closer to 200 basis points. Just to clarify, was that the contribution for growth in 4Q? And if so, how much does pricing contribute to the 25 guide? And are you including the effect of a double upgrade in that contribution? And how much is that? Yeah. So look, I mean, when we code pricing, it's always like-for-like SKU, like-for-like geography. It does not include the benefits of the upsell. 2024 was close to 200 basis points contribution, and that's in line with what we have in our 2025 guide. Our next question is from Brandon Couillard at Wells Fargo. Brandon, please unmute your line and ask your question. Thank you very much. Udit, I think you talked about instrument growth this year for 4.5%. Just curious how that compares between the LC, Mass Spec, and Light Scattering. And any details you can kind of give us on what you've assumed in terms of growth across the three end markets? Yeah, I think you should assume sort of mid-single digit-ish for all three. So Mass Spec at 4%, in that 4.5% number, LC at 5%, TA at 5%, and Light Scattering somewhere there, thereabouts also. A bit higher than that since it's smaller, probably closer to double digits. But it's such a small portion of the business. It doesn't make a huge difference at this point. And Brandon, even as we finish, sorry, Brandon, just to clarify, even as we finish the year, all instrument segments grew at minimum high single digits. So LC, Mass Spec, TA, and Wyatt was well into the double digits. Sorry, go ahead. Got it. And your PFAS market sizing continues to walk up. Now you're talking about $400 million opportunity. Prior it was kind of $300 million to $350 million. What's enabling you to grow so much faster than the underlying market? Where is that developing most rapidly, either by application or region right now? Yeah, yeah. I think it's so the market itself has significant unmet needs, right? I mean, we started with the environmental market, then it's expanded into food testing step by step. The academic customer segment also purchases instruments to quantify and assess PFAS. So very dynamic market. And you're right, the market size continues to increase as more and more applications come in. We've grown almost double the market growth rate. And it's driven first by having the best-in-class instrument because PFAS testing, remember, is not just one molecule. It's over 40 already classified as PFAS. All of these need to be quantified. And the regulators keep increasing the sensitivity requirements. And we have the most sensitive instrument in the market with the lowest environmental footprint. And that's worked extremely well in the hands of our customers, right? So the number one driver is the success of the Xevo TQ Absolute, which now is in Q4 was 50% of the revenue of quantitative Mass Spec. So highly, highly successful launch driven not just by the differentiation, but also the commercial excellence. And equally, our teams are investing a ton of energy in the compliant informatics segment. The Waters Connect informatics software is doing very well in regulated settings. Remember, our history and legacy is in compliant settings where data integrity is of a premium. So we've taken what we've learned from Empower, adopted it into Waters Connect, and that's working very well in the PFAS regulated segment. And then finally, chemistry and workflows. We continue to launch new chemistry and new workflows to really keep up with the complexity of different PFAS molecules. So, across the board, and the market size is expanding largely because of application sets. So, feel very good about where we sit there. Our next question is from Dan Arias at Stifel. Dan, please press star nine to unmute your line and ask your question. Yeah, good morning, guys. Thank you. Udit, can you just maybe expand on that PFAS idea a little bit? I mean, to what extent do you still see there being additional capacity needs in the lab base on the water testing side in the U.S.? Because I know, to your point, application expansion, geographic expansion is important, but I'm just sort of trying to understand what you've done in 2024 when it comes to scaling up these labs in order to test on the water side in the U.S. specifically. Yeah. So, that's a good question, Dan. It's early days still, right? I mean, when you look at PFAS testing, and this is something we'll spend some time at our investor day as well, breaking down the different segments that have constituted growth, right? The academic segment. The first round spent a lot of time and energy, and we had very good sales in that segment, helping people understand what the heck PFAS really is, developing methods that could get standardized, and then be disseminated to public health laboratories, to water testing laboratories. And then the second to last piece is water testing laboratories across the country a nd the final one is people who have to do remediation. So when you think of PFAS testing, it's not just contract testing labs. It's also academic labs, which started first. Then it's public health labs that set standards. Then it's contract testing organizations like water testing, and then finally, people who have to remediate PFAS out. So we're in the very early innings of the penetration. And as I said, we'll talk more about it at the investor day, but we're outpacing the market quite significantly. Okay. Thanks for that. Maybe just on the Mass Spec side, I mean, to what extent do you feel like the uptake there is partly a function of or being helped by the LC replacement cycle? In other words, if you look at LC-MS combo purchases now versus prior periods, what do you see and what is sort of embedded in that Mass Spec growth rate that you're talking about for this year, mid-single digits, when it comes to just sort of that being driven by LC uptake versus performance and new platform introductions, etc., if that's something that you can kind of speak to? Thanks. Yeah. Look, I mean, that Mass Spec uptake is not meaningfully impacted by LC replacement. A lot of LC replacement is happening in manufacturing QA/QC, where LC sort of operates largely standalone. What is helping Mass Spec meaningfully is various vectors that have come together based on our revitalized portfolio. As Udit mentioned, TQ Absolute is doing exceedingly well, not just in PFAS, but across the applications in food and pharma space as well, as well as in clinical. You have something like BioAccord doing well in bioanalytical characterization. You have some of the newer launches on the high-res space that are catering to very specific needs and that they're doing exceedingly well on those applications. And that's why you see sort of the kind of growth you're seeing on Mass Spec, not driven by LC replacement. Yeah. So I mean, just to elaborate on that a little bit, it's the two dimensions, right? So it's the different pieces of Mass Spec that are individually contributing due to innovation. So be it PFAS testing, be it Mass Spec usage in Genotox impurity testing in pharma, be it Mass Spec testing, and this is only Xevo TQ Absolute in clinical. And then, of course, there's the BioAccord, which is doing extremely well, and then the Xevo MRT, which is a new product that is on the high-res side. You see the innovation contributing. And then that is helped on the customer dimension by a strong growing segment like PFAS. It's helped to some extent by late-stage development, where Mass Spec is used significantly for quantitative assessment of different types of biologics, right? So you see that two dimensions working very well for Mass Spec, the innovation as well as the different customer segments, and not only due to the LC replacement cycle. As Amol mentioned, that's mostly an LC-MS link for small molecules. Our next question is from Matt Sykes at Goldman Sachs. Matt, please unmute your line and ask your question. Hi, this is Evian from Matt. Thanks for taking my questions. So the first one, you've seen impressive growth in services. Can you talk through the benefits of your Empower software? And then any particular application areas where you see higher attachment rates and then any levers you're using to improve that going forward? Yeah. I mean, look, no two recurring revenues are equal. And our recurring portfolio proves that, right? Because even in this downturn when most other recurring portfolios have been flat or low single digits, we've been rock solid at 6%-7% growth. And what's sort of contributing to that is our unique position with Empower, coupled with how well we've done with service attachment rates, where our net promoter scores are on service, our launches in bioseparations columns, as well as the progress that we've made on our e-commerce with chemistry consumables. And that's sort of what is driving this rock solid 6%-7% recurring revenue growth. Great. And then, can you talk through the strength you saw in the academic and government section this quarter, and then what your expectations are going into 2025? Any potential impact from NIH risk? Yeah. I mean, look, Q4 was very strong from an A&G perspective. It did benefit from the typical budget flush dynamics, particularly in markets like Europe. We also saw some initial orders getting converted on stimulus in China. But again, longer- term, this market has traditionally been low single digit, at best mid-single digit grower, right? And it's very choppy. So you can't really count on this trend. I think as we get into 2025, we will benefit from the stimulus in China. But again, there are so many puts and takes there. So we've put a very prudent assumption in our guide. And if it plays out better, that'll be an upside. We don't have much direct exposure to NIH funding, very little, actually, less than 1%. So we're not exposed to that dynamics because our primary business is pharma and industrial. It's a small portion of our busines s, less around 10%, and we continue to monitor the dynamics. Yeah, and just to sort of finish up, I mean, for 2025, we've assumed low single digit growth in A&G, right, so not the dynamism that we saw in Q4, especially in pharma. We've not assumed that at all in A&G for the 2025 guide, so it's a low single digit grower. Our next question is from Dan Brennan at TD Cow en. Dan, please unmute your line and ask your question. Terrific. Thank you. Thanks for the questions, guys. Maybe just the first one on instruments, just for the guide. I think you said 4% for 2025. Just confirm that. Maybe it feels a little conservative. And if you could speak to, you've highlighted this five-year CAGR and this 5% normalization. So where did we end up in 2024 and kind of what's implied for 2025 and kind of any reason why the kind of the improvement you're expecting in 2025, is that on the normal trend line or is it above or below? So thanks, Dan. Look, we've assumed 4.5%. The range is 4.5%-7% for the full year. And just to repeat what I started with, the 7%-ish, 6%-7% you should assume is what we think is the recurring revenue. And you can see why that is a pretty stable and rock solid assumption. Instruments need to grow 4.5% for us to get to the midpoint of the guide. Now, your question is a good one. I mean, we finished the year with high single-digit growth in instruments. The funnel is extremely strong and the conversion looks extremely strong, especially led by pharma, where we're seeing very good traction of our Alliance iS instrument to sort of support the replacement cycle. We're seeing the idiosyncratic drivers contributing nicely. I think as you look at 2025, the way I would look at it is we will start to get more constructive as the year goes on. We will start to reveal more information because at this point, we feel very optimistic. We see good funnels. Q1 is the smallest quarter. We just want to get more information before we start sort of saying, "Hey, you know it's going to be another 8%-9% a year for instruments." Typically, and you're right again to point out, typically when we come out of a trough in instrument replacement, we usually see a 2%-3% outperformance versus the long-term average, which is 5%, right? So going back to the CAGRs, the long-term average is 5%. Usually, when you come out into the replacement cycle, you start seeing a 2%-3% outperformance. All signs are pointing in that direction. We just want to start the year with a bit of prudence and de-risk it as the year goes on. Amol, anything to add? Yeah. Look, whichever way you look at it, area under the curve, CAGRs, average, lead life, and even if you exclude China for U.S. and European markets, there is a meaningful catch-up opportunity from each of these analytical viewpoints, right? We see that in the dialogue with large pharma, the dialogue with CDMOs is starting to improve. The one thing one has to keep in mind is not every part of our customer base is recovering to its healthy state, right? We still have biotech. We still have biotech research. These things haven't recovered or China pharma hasn't recovered to a level it needs to. So the ramp of this replacement cycle will not be as steep as historical, but the length or the duration of this replacement cycle is likely going to be longer just because eventually all these lagging segments of the market have to come back and replace their aging instrument fleet. G reat. And then I know there was one question on India, but maybe just one follow-up since it is so strong for you right now. I think I heard you say over 25% growth in 2024, over 100 basis points contribution. Did we lose Dan? Dan, we lost you. Let's proceed to our next question. Ask it, please. Sure thing. Our next and final question is from Catherine Schulte at Baird. Please unmute your line and ask your question, Catherine. T hank you. Hey, guys. Thanks for the questions. Maybe just first on pharma, great to see that return to double-digit growth this quarter. Maybe just to go back to Tycho's questions, is there a way to quantify the stronger budget flush dynamic in the quarter? And what are you assuming for pharma growth both for the first quarter and the full year? Yeah. So Catherine, for Q4, I mean, it was, as I said, it's very strong growth. We're very happy with it. It really supports our late-stage focus. But as you look at Q4, the ramp was typical to the pre-pandemic years, right? So high teens, almost 20% from Q3 to Q4. So normal budget flush dynamic, not more, not less, right? So it's stronger than what we saw last year and the year before, but starting to trend towards a normal level, which is consistent with how pharma, late-stage pharma is behaving, QAQC spending. So we start to see a normalization of behavior there. And then maybe just on the services side, you mentioned over 50% of your active install base now has a service contract in place. I believe your target is to get that to 55%. So can you just talk to where you think that can go throughout the year? Yeah. Look, I mean, we're very happy with the progress that we've made. And every year we start with a goal and we end up achieving double that goal in the year. And keep in mind, this is just based on instrument install base out there. It doesn't include the first-year instruments that are in warranty, so when you add that, almost 60% of our installed base is either under warranty or under a service plan. 55% is a good goal to go with, and we are starting to make progress in the last remaining areas like China, and then again, a lot of the focus and pivot our service organization into the next big thing, which is sort of how do we get service lead gen, and we've made tremendous progress in markets like U.S. and India where the attachment rate is very high, and these organizations have already pivoted to their next biggest goal, which is lead gen and revenue conversion. Yeah, and thanks, Catherine, for that question. I think we're coming to the end of the call. I want to make sure everybody remembers that March 5th is the Investor Day in New York City, and we look forward to elaborating on the service question, the use of AI in service, use of AI internally and externally, and many other areas, but let me conclude by saying we are very excited about how we finished 2024. We're entering this new phase of growth with a lot of momentum, especially on our instrument portfolio. The recurring revenues are growing like a Swiss clock. We've said that before. The instrument revenues, the instrument growth is now really kicking into gear with the replacement cycle beginning, with the new product portfolio gaining a ton of traction, with the idiosyncratic growth drivers contributing, and we feel very good about the way we're starting 2025. Look forward to seeing you at the Investor Day. Thank you all for joining us today.