Delivered core price of 4.6% and collection and disposal yield of 3.5% in the third quarter. Standout performance continues to be the residential line of business with yield of 5%, while MSW yield improved to 3.5%. Keep in mind that price escalations on about 40% of our revenue are tied to an index, often based on a look back over the prior year. There's a timing lag in adjusting index pricing when costs step up as quickly as they have. It's important to understand that a portion of the remaining 60% of our business won't get the full 7%-10% price increases we believe we need to cover rising costs until their next price increase cycle. A customer who has increased 4% in May won't get the full cost recovery price increase until next May. That said, we're seeing a favorable price environment across our open market businesses, evidenced by our lowest level of rollbacks in more than a decade. We're very focused on directly addressing the labor challenges. John will discuss the quarterly impact and how we're working to address this immediately. Strategically, we're looking at this acute challenge as an opportunity to expedite the automation of certain jobs. We've said previously that we view the automation of certain high turnover positions as both a competitive advantage and a de-risking mechanism in today's labor market, where certain jobs simply don't attract the interest they previously did. The most recent examples of that are the customer setup role, which we just finished fully automating, and the 35%+ reduction in labor we've seen where we've upgraded and rebuilt our single-stream recycling plants. Given the success of these rebuilds and the labor inflation challenges of late, we've accelerated the retooling of the remaining single-stream plants and expect to address 90% of single-stream volume by the 2023-2024 time frame. In the quarter, we saw some of the positive impacts of those new single-stream plants in our outstanding performance in our recycling business. Earnings contribution and margins for recycling were at their highest level ever, driven by strong demand for recycled material and great operating performance from the new state-of-the-art MRFs. We were equally pleased with the results in our renewable energy business in the quarter, where robust growth continued, driven by more RINs sales at higher prices. With our long-standing expertise, continued growth in sustainability solutions and unrivaled asset network, WM is uniquely situated to support our current and prospective customers in their evolving sustainability needs. Our customers are increasingly seeking circular solutions for their materials, which is causing growing demand for recycled content. Of note, our focus on unlocking more plastic from the waste stream drove a 25% increase in plastics we recycled since 2019. Recycling and renewable energy are two of our key growth areas highlighted in our annual sustainability report published earlier this month. The report outlines the progress WM has made against our sustainability goals and details investments we've made to advance our sustainability journey. In particular, this year's report focuses on the people behind the progress WM has made in the past year and how they are doing their part to take care of our customers, neighbors, and the environment in communities across North America. The bottom line for the quarter is this: We generated higher than expected volume and revenue growth in the third quarter, which positions us well for 2022. At the same time, we faced an unexpectedly acute and fast-moving challenge from the inflation, supply chain, and labor shortage headwinds, and we managed our way through it well and still expect to achieve results within our 2021 guidance ranges. This challenge presents an opportunity for us to move more decisively in those strategic areas of automation, sustainability, and workforce planning to further separate ourselves in this industry. In conclusion, I'd like to thank the nearly 50,000 people behind WM's success. They continue to deliver, driving another quarter of double-digit growth in revenue, operating EBITDA and free cash flow. I'll now turn the call over to John to discuss our operational results for the quarter. Thanks, Jim, and good morning. Our team continues to execute very well despite a challenging operating environment, producing more than 7% organic revenue growth in collection and disposal business in the third quarter. This growth, combined with continued integration of Advanced Disposal, drove operating EBITDA more than 14% higher. As Jim mentioned, we are seeing pressure on labor and other cost categories, and we are addressing these impacts through our pricing programs, controllable cost management, efficiency improvements, and workforce planning. Adjusted operating expenses as a percentage of revenue increased 180 basis points to 62.2% in the third quarter as we experienced pressure from inflationary costs, supply chain constraints, and stronger than expected volume growth. In particular, costs related to the hiring and training of new employees impacted labor costs in the third quarter. We also saw overtime hours increase as the team adjusted to meet the higher than expected collection volumes. We anticipated a good portion of this labor pressure that has shown up in our costs as we made proactive market wage adjustments earlier in the year to get in front of labor shortages and meet growing demand. At the same time, we are working to automate a number of roles where we see longer term challenges to attract and retain employees. In the residential line of business, we continue to work through the last 40% of our routes, including those from ADS that are not fully automated. While continuing to be very selective in the business we are willing to take on, as evidenced by our yield and volume results in the third quarter and the last few years. While we're now incurring the costs associated with these investments, we're only in the early stages of seeing the benefits. The labor market and supply chain constraints that have accelerated in Q3, coupled with robust volume growth in the third quarter, have also added pressure in our fleet operations. Repair and maintenance costs are increasing as we hire additional technicians and incur some overtime hours to address the strong volume growth we continue to see in the collection lines of business. Similarly, we've had to temporarily place some of our higher cost trucks back in service to address the volume demands. In addition, our third-party subcontractors at our transfer stations are facing similar pressures and are passing those increased costs on to us. Overall, efficiency in the collection business in the third quarter improved, adjusting for increased training hours. The fundamentals of our business remain strong, and we are committed to recovering our cost increases through pricing and again, taking the most expensive truck off the road and reducing the most expensive hour of the day. Now, I want to focus on several of the positives in the quarter. Turning to our strong revenue results, third quarter collection and disposal volume grew by 3.8%, which outpaced our expectations. We continue to see strong volume driven by economic reopening, with commercial volume up 4.6% and special waste volume up by 16.6%. We see runway for continued solid performance in the fourth quarter. Customer metrics were also strong in the quarter. Service increases outpaced service decreases by more than twofold for the second consecutive quarter, and churn was 8.7%. Year-to-date net new business for small and medium business customers is up more than 10%. Finally, our integration of Advanced Disposal continues to go smoothly. We've combined around 70% of the acquired operations into our billing and operational systems, and we remain on track to migrate virtually all the ADS customers by the end of the year. We've achieved nearly $26 million in annual run rate synergies during the third quarter, bringing the year-to-date total to $60 million. Combined with the $15 million of annual run rate synergies realized in the fourth quarter of 2020, we're on track to reach $100 million by the end of the year. We continue to forecast another $50 million to be captured in 2022 and 2023 from a combination of cost and capital savings. Our teams are working tirelessly to provide safe and reliable service to our customers and communities, and I want to thank them all for their efforts. With that, I'll turn the call over to Devina to discuss our financial results in further detail. Thanks, John, and good morning, everyone. As we have seen all year, robust volume growth, strong recycling commodity prices, and increased collection and disposal core price continued to deliver top-line growth ahead of expectations in the third quarter. As a result, we are once again updating our revenue outlook for the year. Total company revenue growth is now expected to be between 17% and 17.5%, with yield and volume in our collection and disposal business of about 6.5%. This guidance also includes an expectation for continued strength in recycled commodity prices and RIN values. We're confirming our most recent 2021 adjusted operating EBITDA guidance of between $5 billion and $5.1 billion, which is an increase from the prior year of about 17% at the midpoint and almost 5% higher than our initial outlook for the year. Third quarter SG&A was 9.7% of revenue, a 40 basis point improvement over 2020. Included in our results is about $16 million of increased digital investments as we advance technology that will benefit customer engagement and lower our cost to serve over the long term. We remain focused on managing our controllable spending, making sure that we allocate each dollar to initiatives that will enhance our business. Third quarter net cash provided by operating activities was $1.18 billion, an increase of 15%. Cash from operations growth continues to be driven by our robust increase in operating EBITDA, including the contributions from the ADS acquisition and lower interest costs. While there was a modest, unfavorable working capital comparison in the third quarter, due in large part to the timing of cash from CNG credit and our deferral of payroll taxes in 2020. Overall, improvements in working capital demonstrate the benefit of tools we are putting in place to enhance our systems and processes. In the third quarter, capital spending was $464 million, bringing capital expenditures in the first nine months of the year to $1.13 billion. Our 2021 pace of capital spending has continued to be slower than we planned due to supply chain constraints and construction project work taking longer than planned. As we discussed last quarter, we are proactively pulling forward capital investment, particularly in recycling, where we know the returns will be strong. Investments in recycling technology and equipment at our MRFs are expected to be about $200 million for the year. While we continue to target full year capital spending at the low end of our $1.78 billion-$1.88 billion guidance range, we could see 2021 coming in below targeted levels with some of our spending pushed into 2022, primarily due to supply chain constraints. We generated $773 million of free cash flow in the third quarter, and through September, our business generated free cash flow of $2.29 billion. Putting us well on our way to our full-year targeted free cash flow of $2.5 billion-$2.6 billion. We have returned more than $1.7 billion to our shareholders through the first nine months, paying $730 million in dividends and repurchasing $1 billion of our stock. We continue to expect to repurchase up to our full authorization of $1.35 billion in 2021. Our leverage ratio at the end of the quarter was 2.71 times, as the strength of our business performance and the successful integration of the acquired ADS business drove the achievement of our targeted leverage ratio ahead of plan. As we enter the final stretch of 2021, our teams are focused on accelerating our disciplined pricing programs, managing our controllable costs, positioning WM as an employer of choice, and capturing growing volumes. We know our strategy sets us up for a solid finish to 2021. With that, Erika, we'd be happy to address the team's questions. Your first question comes from the line of Tyler Brown with Raymond James. Hey, good morning, guys. Good morning. Hey, Jim. Thanks for all the color on inflation. I know you guys don't give a ton looking ahead on these Q3 calls, but it just sounds like the setup for pricing looks very favorable next year. I mean, you've got clearly this inflationary environment. You have strong CPI resets, and you alluded to an open market that, let's just say, feels very rational. Just big picture, you know, why wouldn't pricing in 2022 accelerate pretty meaningfully? And do you have confidence that you can price in excess of unit cost inflation next year? Yeah, I think you're right about that, Tyler. I mean, I think that's probably the single biggest message of the day, which is that yes, we saw some cost inflation, and which has been talked about. Any business show you watch on TV talks about it. A little bit of it was quicker than we thought. It was more acute than we thought. The price that is our biggest lever, as I said in my remarks, to offset that, is not perfectly timed with that. There is a lag there. We've talked a lot about the fact that 40% of our business is tied to an index. I mentioned that there's in many cases a look back on that. Tyler, about 40% of our business, in that 40%, about 40% of that comes in January. The price adjustment comes in January. About 30% comes in July. Seventy percent of the price increases on that index business come in the first half of 2022, and then the remaining 30%, some of it comes in October, and then there's a smattering that comes in the remainder of the year. On the open market piece, I gave the example of the customer that got the 4% price increase back in May. You know, look, we still have a customer to keep in mind here. We don't wanna go back to that customer and say, "Hey, inflation hit us harder than we thought, so we're gonna go ahead and increase you by another 6% here in October." We're gonna be smart about it and wait until we get to their annual cycle in May of next year, and then we'll increase them by the amount that we need to cover costs and improve margins. Yes. Okay. That is extremely helpful. Real quickly, Devina. It sounds like there's a lot going on in the EBITDA margins this quarter, year to year. I don't know if you can distill it down, but can you just help us bridge out that 140 basis points down in EBITDA margins specifically and some of the key buckets there? The two primary buckets to look at are really the inflation impacts that we've discussed and then recycling brokerage. We would say that about 60% of the impact was from inflation and about 40% was from recycling brokerage. To put a little more color around the inflationary impacts that Jim mentioned earlier, that total was $160 million during the quarter. We estimate that our normal inflationary impacts would have been about $60 million of that. That was $100 million in excess of what we consider normal inflationary impacts. Then you might recall that we had projected that we were gonna have about $60 million over and above our normal run rate in the back half of the year. We think that our costs in Q3 were about $60 million-$70 million above what we would have projected. That, you can see, is a pretty meaningful impact to the overall margin of the business. I think it's important to look at our cost structure and see that 35% of our operating costs are labor-driven. When you consider subcontractor cost, which is effectively indirect labor, that's another 15%. 50% of our cost structure is labor-driven, and we have seen that as a big driver. Tyler, I would only add that with the additional volume I commented on in my prepared remarks, part of what we've done is we're spending a little bit more overtime in the short term to be able to go out with service and take advantage of the strong volumes I mentioned in my comments that kind of outpaced our expectations, which we view as a good thing over the long term. Certainly, we have a clear line of sight to what those costs are, as Devina spoke to. Okay, great. I'll hop back in the queue. Thanks. Thanks, Tyler. Your next question comes from the line of Hamzah Mazari with Jefferies. Good morning. Thank you. Just to follow up on just operating leverage. I guess, listening to your comments, is it fair to say that, you know, second half next year is when you'll see greater op leverage, just given timing of these pricing resets? Related to the op leverage, how much of your, you know, cost increase is incremental hiring because of labor availability issues impacting that versus how much is just resetting your existing labor cost base up, that you referenced with, you know, wage adjustments. I would also put subcontractor costs into that existing labor reset, I guess. Yeah. Hamza, good morning. I would tell you that when I look at the labor increase whole dollars, and this is in aggregate, about a quarter of it is related to some additional training and hiring we're doing. Some of that has to do with turnover pressures that I think we're seeing and just about everybody in the transportation industry is seeing. I think the good news is over the last four or five months, we've actually started to make good progress in terms of our retention rates and whatnot. I think the labor resets we talked to last quarter, which are clearly showing up in this quarter as well, are having an impact there. The other three-quarters of it, if you will, rough numbers, is related to some of the OT we're incurring. Part of that, as I mentioned, is we don't view that over the long term as a bad thing because we're seeing volume increases are outpacing our expectations. I think as Jim mentioned previously to Tyler's question, we have a clear line of sight on what we need to do through pricing and efficiency gains, et c, and automation to be able to overcome that. I do think 70% of that index business resetting in the first half of the year is clearly something we're focused on. As Jim mentioned, our pricing strategy more broadly is not gonna change. Our expectations will have to change to keep pace with the cost increases we've outlined. Got it. Very helpful. My follow-up question, I'll turn it over, is just around, you know, investment in automation as well as technology. Could you? I know, Jim, you referenced the automation piece being accelerated, and you mentioned the MRFs, and you mentioned automation of, you know, some customer setup functions. Maybe at a high level, what inning are you in in terms of automation? What is there left to do? And is it just on recycling? And then also, as part of that, just from a technology perspective, again, what's behind you? What's yet to come? Thank you. Yeah. I think, Hamzah, we're probably in the second inning. You know, I like using the baseball analogy since we're in Houston today. I think we're probably in the second inning here. You know, there's a lot that falls under that automation umbrella. It's not just. We've talked a lot about customer service digitalization, which is really kind of the digital side of that. The automation that I refer to is, while it's technology, it's not technology as we think about it. It's not your mobile device. It's optical sorters at our plants. We have 45, I think, single-stream plants, and we've fully automated four of those plants at this point. If you think about the fact that we're taking 35-ish% of labor out. To put that into dollars for you, it's about $1 million per plant per month in labor savings. Think about the fact that we still have 40 of those plants, 40-ish of those plants left. Now some of those plants are. We're obviously automating the big ones first. You won't get $1 million from the very smallest plant. That's a piece of the automation. To your question, it's not just those recycled positions. We have a lot of positions that have very high turnover that feel like they lend themselves to automation, and we'll be looking at those going forward. What's the total number that would be impacted by that? I don't know. I think it's certainly more than just customer setup, which we fully automated, and recycling. Then, Hamza, I want to make one last point to your question to John on OpEx, which we haven't talked about. If you think about the COVID effect, we had almost 900 employees out at the peak, and the peak week, I think, was the third of September. We paid those employees. We made a conscious decision to pay them. If you think about the impact of that, 900. Oh, by the way, a lot of those, probably over half of those were drivers. We are paying them, and at the same time, we are picking up their routes with overtime hours. The cost of that was somewhere between $2 million and $3 million over a two week period, so it's not insignificant. That number of both—that 900, by the way, is quarantined employees and COVID employees who have the virus. That number has come back down as we've seen it across the U.S. to a much more manageable number. It's in the—I looked at it yesterday. It's in kind of the 200 range now, down from the peak. That is a—that was a short-term cost that we were bearing that is certainly coming back. We won't see that repeat unless we have another variant that kicks up and causes us to be back in the same position. I just wanna clarify one thing. The savings from the recycling plant is $1 million per plant per quarter- Per quarter. Not per month. Sorry. You bet. Got it. Thank you so much. Your next question comes from the line of Walter Spracklin with RBC Capital Markets. Yeah. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking my question. First, this one's for Devina. Looking at margin enhancement, and you've had a great track record in historic years of achieving margin improvement year to year. Now as you reprice, and a lot of your repricing is to pass through costs, you are able to protect EBITDA dollars, but it can be somewhat margin dilutive, given the pass-through nature. When we look to next year, is there any cautionary? You know, are you cautioning us to keep that in mind when we look at historic margin expansion versus next year margin expansion, given that a lot of your revenue is cost pass-through revenue now? Yeah, I would say that what's really important is to go back to one of Jim's earlier comments about the fact that the acute nature of the cost increase that we experienced during the third quarter and the fact that our index revenue is more significantly weighted toward the first half of the year indicates that we had a mismatch in terms of when a lot of those price increases are pushed through and when we experienced the more acute cost increases. We are not in any way indicating that this is anything other than that lag and kind of a one-time or short-term, I should say, impact in terms of margin degradation. Our outlook remains strong in terms of the business's ability to work both through pricing and operating efficiencies and automation that we've discussed in order to improve the long-term margin of the business. I think that 2022 can have some noise in it with regard to some of these timing differences continuing, particularly as you think about the year-on-year impact of the volume expansion that we've seen in 2021. Our outlook remains solid with respect to expectations over the long term being one of margin expansion, even with a higher cost structure. Okay. That's great color. Appreciate that. My follow-up is just with regards to wages and the percentage of your workforce that, you know, has been repriced, if you wanna call it that. You know, is there a larger part or a meaningful part of your workforce that you perhaps are coming up on wage discussions or a renewal that will likely see an outsized price increase that has not yet been built into your numbers? Or are you pretty much done in from a overall wage repricing type of framework? Yeah. Walter, most of the wage adjustments we spoke to in Q2 and have carried through in Q3 have really been in drivers, technicians, frontline employees, our recycling folks, et c. I'm taking a swag here, but it's probably two-thirds to 70% of our folks are in that population in some way, shape, or form. Granted, that's not to say that we've raised rates on every one of those employees, but we've addressed that employee group. The balance, I mean, listen, I think everybody's in a competitive labor market right now, and we're keeping a close eye on the other 30%-35% who weren't part of that initial push. That's something we do on a regular basis, and we go through that at least annually to make sure that we're compensating all those folks adequately relative to what's going on in the market. Okay. That makes a lot of sense. Appreciate the time, as always. Thank you, Walter. Your next question comes from the line of Michael Hoffman with Stifel. Good morning. 2018 saw a lot of inflation for the first time, the market's first time seeing garbage deal with inflation. How would you compare the pace of that to versus the pace of what you're experiencing right now? Then let's remind everybody, you covered all of that inflation with pricing eventually then, too. Yeah. I don't think they're that close. I think this is far more acute than what we've seen. I'm not sure there's anybody working at our company today, maybe a couple of people in their seventies that have seen this type of rapid inflation. The example I gave of the customer that got the 4% price increase in May was a real example. So we weren't even seeing this in May. This came on as quickly as almost the end of July, and really it has accelerated. You weren't hearing people talking about it. I mean, it's being talked about, you know, all the way up at the White House. It's being talked about by the Fed chair. I would tell you that this is more acute than we've seen before. The other thing, and you're right, Michael, we did cover it with price, and we think price is the primary lever to cover this, and we're doing a good job with it. It's why I wanted to make sure we stressed that there are some high-turnover jobs that really don't have to do with this inflationary period. There are some high-turnover jobs that we need to really seriously look at automating, and at the same time, using customer service digitalization to really extract maximum efficiency out of our organization. You know, John and I have talked a lot about it, and we think when we fully automate these routes, there's somewhere between 10%-15% efficiency improvement because you're not gonna automate a truck driver job, certainly in my career, maybe even in my lifetime. But we do think we've got significant opportunity there on the driver side for efficiency growth. Okay, fair enough. Clear message is, and you said this in pieces, but I wanna say it out loud. You expect to cover all this inflation. You just need time, and time isn't years, it's months. I think that's right. I mean, you know, the 40%, I think we should focus on the 40% that is index-driven. I talked about how half of that or 70% of it happens in the first half of the year. There is a look back, so the adjustment that comes in January for some of those big contracts, some of those have a 12 month look back, which won't capture the full effect of inflation. We wouldn't get The full effect of this kind of last three months of inflation on those adjustments, we wouldn't get the full effect of that until the adjustment we take in January 2023. The adjustments that we take in July will pretty much reflect all of this acute inflationary impact. Okay. Fair enough. Devina, on the free cash flow, what are your assumptions to maintain the guidance of $2.5-$2.6 on cash flow from ops and capital spending? From a capital spending perspective, we would love to spend every bit of the full year guidance that we put forth of $1.78 billion-$1.88 billion. As I mentioned, all year, we've seen things move just a little more slowly than we would have liked. We have taken some proactive steps in order to pull some capital forward. That being said, right now we think we could finish the year somewhere in the range of $1.7 billion-$1.8 billion. We'd love for it to be a higher number than that, particularly as we've, you know, made investments in renewable energy and recycling specifically. In terms of the other puts and takes, I think it's important to recall that we expected an increase in our cash taxes on a year-over-year basis. We've seen that through the nine months, but you'll have another leg of that in Q4. We've seen significant working capital contributions in the first nine months of the year. We think we'll give some of that back in Q4 just based on some of the timing impacts of some payments that we have. All in all, really good performance in cash flow for the year. I would say it, you know, it is the one that has certainly exceeded expectations in every single aspect of contribution. All in all, total free cash flow at about the midpoint of $255 is tremendous growth on a year-over-year basis and meaningfully ahead of the $1,965 that we normalized when you look at 2020 for the impact of the proceeds from divestitures from the ADS transaction. That shows the level of growth on a year-over-year basis in free cash flow. Okay, to sum your comments, if you end up spending on the lower end of CapEx, there's an upward bias to the midpoint of the range on free cash flow. The one thing I would caution there is on the cash flow from ops, we do have the taxes and working capital impacts that I mentioned. That's the only caveat that I would have there. Yes. Okay. Then John, I saw Tim Hawkins and Jason Craft and a couple others from other companies recently all at a NWRA meeting, and they all suggested that peak open positions, you had passed peak open positions, and you were at least no longer struggling against peak open. Is that an accurate statement still? This pressure has peaked and started to ebb a little bit. Well, I would tell you within WM, we're as I mentioned in my prepared comments, we're probably the last 4 or 5 months, Michael, we've really started to show some progress in terms of being able to net add, if you will, month in and month out in some of those key positions, specifically, the driver ranks. There's still a lot of competition out there, and there's still a lot of pressure. As Jim mentioned, you can't turn on the TV without hearing about some form of pressure in transportation, whether it's marine, whether it's rail, or whether it's truck transportation. As I mentioned, the good news is I think the efforts we made to make some of those wage adjustments coupled with our efforts around retention and hiring are certainly yielding positive results here the last 4 or 5 months. You're off the peak open positions is the clear message. Correct. Well, Michael, I mean, if you think about it, I mean, we have 10%-ish of our drivers that are making over $100,000 a year. I don't know what the figure is for $90,000 above, but it's significantly higher than that. At the same time, we have really good benefits. We've announced the, you know, the education benefits, several months back. We chose to pay them during COVID. We've chosen to pay them, you know, still pay them when they're out on quarantine. We really have focused on taking care of our teammates here, and we think that pays dividends for us in terms of reducing the amount of churn. To John's point, I think the number I heard last week was there 82,000 open trucking positions across the United States. Then, of course, at the same time, you know, we're seeing this volume increase, and so we're trying to compensate for that as well. It's a good thing. It's a good problem to have. Yeah, to John's point, I mean, we're getting past that peak, but we think we're well-positioned. We like our position in terms of filling these roles. It's part of why we have really good pay and benefits, and we hope to make sure that we differentiate ourselves there. Last one from me for John. I think I picked up in your remarks you are seeing net new business growth, not just reopening leverage. It's net new business growth and there's momentum. That momentum should continue. That's good news. I guess there's two pieces to that. How does that impact the thoughts about capital spending inflation being able to meet that net new business growth? Well, first, I would tell you two things I mentioned in my prepared remarks, Michael, which are pretty well familiar to you, which is the service increases versus decreases is strong from Q2- Q3. Then I mentioned also small and medium business, which is kind of the traditional collection business and that I would say temporarily off and kind of the big really large accounts. We're seeing good momentum there. That was the 10% number. I don't see in terms of capital, I mean, the capital spend there would be some incremental capital, think containers and, you know, to some extent, as we've talked about before, that step function between filling up a route and the next route, but we don't see that as out of the ordinary capital spend. Terrific. Thank you very much. Your next question is from the line of Kevin Chiang with CIBC. Good morning, everybody. Thanks for taking my question here. If I can ask just on your repricing strategy for next year. You know, just given how acute inflation is, as you've mentioned, Jim, just wondering how you look to maybe limit or ease that lag between when you see pricing versus maybe this fear that inflation might be more persistent than we all had hoped a few months ago. Like, are you looking at contract terms that might allow you to reprice in the event that inflation continues to persist at a elevated level? Or are you pricing for maybe where you think inflation could go versus maybe what cost you think you've seen increase in the back half of this year? Just be interested in seeing how you think about that repricing strategy to kinda limit that lag as you look out into 2022. Yeah, Kevin, I mean, the lag really just hits us in the first part of this kind of three-month period. Once we catch up with that, and once we catch up with these adjustments on the 40% that's index-based, then unless inflation runs up from here, which we don't anticipate, I'm not sure I've seen anybody that anticipates that, then we feel like we're in a really good position with pricing to cover these cost increases plus add the margin. Now, if inflation goes to 15%, then I will retract that statement. But I don't think anybody expects that. Right now, I mean, if you look at core price, for example, I mean, we're pretty happy with the core price numbers that we were showing. Core price was 6.1% for the quarter in commercial. That's a big core price number. You know, if you look at the landfill line of business, which has gotten a lot of questions over the last couple of years, you know, core price in landfill was 4.6%. That's two consecutive quarters over 4% of core price. Really, that's probably the best metric for looking at price increases, core price versus yield. Yield was very good as well, but core price probably is the best approximator of price increases. I feel really comfortable with the existing kind of CPI and core inflation in the system that the pricing mechanisms that we have in place will cover that and also provide us some opportunity to improve margins as we go into 2022. Keep in mind that kind of 12 month look back, a big piece of the adjustment that's coming in January won't include all of the inflation. That's gonna take a year to capture that. That's great color. Yeah, let's all hope we're not heading towards 15% inflation there. Hope not. Maybe I can ask a non-inflation question. The EPA, you know, recently put out this PFAS strategic roadmap, I guess, as it looks to evaluate, you know, what the studies and I guess things they look to do over the next few years. Just wondering, you know, as you look at the roadmap the EPA has put out there, is there anything that you would comment on? Does it align with what you thought the EPA would do or think the EPA should do as they, I guess, evaluate the PFAS strategy? Yeah, Kevin, there was just something off the press here in the last week or two with some milestone dates that the EPA published on some things they wanna get covered. I think our answer is still the same to that. You know, it could present a little bit of short-term cost impact to us, but we still believe over the long term, the post-collection assets we have are gonna benefit from that, certainly over the long term. All right. I'll leave it there. Thank you for taking my questions. Thank you. Your next question is from the line of Sean Eastman with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Hi, team. Thanks for taking my questions. I'm just curious if you've seen any instances where this labor shortage is causing a downtick in service quality. Have you guys tracked that? Anything concerning there? I just wonder if that ultimately, you know, impacts WM's ability to, you know, continue this great pricing trend we've been seeing. Sean, yeah, there's pockets of it. I mean first and foremost, we track it. We track it everywhere, every day, and all of us get to keep a close eye on that. We have seen some pockets of pressure for sure, where we've had some acute turnover issues. As we mentioned, Michael, in response to Michael's question, we feel like we're past the peak, and we're making headway there. To your second question, is it profound enough for us to have to concede anything on a pricing front? No, we don't think so. I think if you look at where a lot of the, probably the most acute labor issue is for us is really around if you look at our residential and you look at our pricing, what our pricing strategy has been and what our core price and yield results were for the quarter and over the last number of quarters, it has not impacted us there or frankly, in any other line of business. Well, I think they're gonna churn. You know, Sean, the churn is probably the best metric for us to gauge that. You know, churn came in at 8.7% for the quarter. We look at the same quarter prior year was 8.8%. So we're not seeing an uptick in churn. I think, you know, we're doing everything we can at the operating level. There's a lot of pressure on the operation. When you have you know, 500-ish drivers out due to COVID during the peak or when we've got all of these, you know, hiring pressures, look, you expect that there's gonna be some pockets, as John mentioned, and we're doing everything we can to make sure all the way up to my level. I mean, I get notes from customers saying, "Hey, my recycling was missed today." You know, I forward that out to the right person to make sure that we pick them up. There have been some pressures, but we think that we're moving in the right direction. It certainly helps when you see that number of 900 employees out for COVID come down to 200. That was a pressure that was hard to compensate for. Okay, that's helpful. What about safety? I mean, do we need to be kind of incrementally concerned about safety and the costs associated with safety issues around this labor dynamic? What's the thought there, Jim? Well, I should probably let John answer that, but the answer would be we never compromise on safety. Safety is at the very top of our list, and we are extremely focused on being a safe organization. John, anything to add to that? No, I would tell you that's one spot where technology and to some extent automation are helping. We're in the process of updating all the onboard equipment for our collection vehicles, our supervisory vehicles with regard to being able to scan what's going on with behavioral issues. We've got some artificial intelligence that's about 70% through our entire collection fleet that'll help with things like following distance, cell phone usage, that kind of thing. No, I think if you look at our safety results, we've seen a little bit of pressure as we've integrated ADS, but the core WM business continues to perform well, and we're well on our way to getting ADS, the ADS business, totally tucked in there as well. Well, it's- John, go ahead. It's part of why we saw a doubling of our training hours because as we're hiring more folks, we absolutely make sure that they get fully trained. We saw that 2x in our training hours. We think that number comes down as we're hiring fewer and fewer drivers and technicians. Okay. Very interesting stuff. Thanks for the help, guys. Your next question is from the line of Noah Kaye with Oppenheimer. Thanks for taking the question. Frankly, I know I could use a reminder not to use my cell phone when I'm on the road, so appreciate that, guys. I guess the linkage between potential CapEx shortfall and operations is something I'd be interested to learn a bit about. Obviously, the commercial vehicle industry is experiencing production constraints, and that's impacting customer delivery. Just wondering how is this impacting the cost structure? I think you mentioned having to utilize some older vehicles. Maybe you can talk through a little bit how that might be translating to elevated OpEx this year. Sure, Noah. I think the way that we think about that, John mentioned, you know, having to take some of the older vehicles off of, you know, the sidelines, so to speak, and pull those into service. We saw that most significantly in the industrial line of business and roll-off, because that's where we were able to flex most significantly in 2020. While we do see it on the operating expense side, you know, our long-term focus continues to be on optimizing our fleet strategy so that we focus on reducing the total cost of ownership of each vehicle. We've seen some pressure in terms of per unit costs on the fleet overall. Some of that's general inflationary cost pressures, but some of that is that we're driving toward automation to the points that I've made earlier, particularly in the residential line of business. While we have a more expensive unit on the street, we definitely see the benefits of that in terms of lower operating expense, both from labor and efficiency. You know, overall in the current quarter, that's a component of the cost pressure that we saw. You know, I would say that that was certainly secondary to the wage pressures that we experienced overall, and we expect that to abate as we get truck deliveries. It's an interesting point that through nine months, we'd only gotten 70% of the trucks that we expected to get in 2021 to date. We think that when we get those trucks delivered, you'll start to see some of those impacts reduce as well. Yeah. That's helpful. I guess, on the flip side of that, you know, there's what I presume are industry-wide, you know, labor and other shortages to do construction work at, landfills for expansion. Presumably, that's gonna be a source of upward pricing pressure at the landfill, right? You had 3.5% yield this quarter, but I assume you've got a pretty robust pricing outlook, you know, at the landfill, and this may be a contributing factor. Yeah. I think Jim did a good job of kind of categorizing some of that too. I think there's a few places, you know, steel costs, container costs, resin, landfill liner. Those are all things that our supply chain team and the respective operating teams are keeping a close eye on. You know, we may make a decision to fix a can versus buy one while steel's up, you know, 200% or whatever the number is. That's not the bulk of it. I think Devina spoke to the majority of it, which is really the fleet spend, some of the delays there coupled against strong volume. That's why you talk about some of this cost pressure being somewhat acute and us having confidence, whether it's in the collection or the post-collection side, including the transfer and subcontractor side, that we're gonna be able to recover that. Well, one thing real quick, Noah, that I would caution against is matching the price increase that we got on third-party volume at the landfill against what might be our cost increase there. That doesn't. By the way, just because we got, you know, 3.6% yield, I think was the number, let's see here. Yeah. So 3.5% yield on MSW. That does not imply that that's what our cost increase was at the landfills. Keep in mind, a lot of the volume that comes into the landfill is our own volume, which gets priced- at the curb, which gets priced, you know, at the street. Our overall, we've talked a lot about our overall cost increase. That includes cost increases that we're seeing at the landfills. I wouldn't necessarily assume that just because we got 3.5% on MSW that means that landfill prices or costs are only going up by 3.5%. Appreciate that. Thanks, Jim and John. Devina, maybe just one quick one. Any one time or pull forward of spending programs that you're currently doing this year that could turn into a margin tailwind next year as you lap? I know that customer service digitalization has been an investment focus, but anything you would call out as sort of a margin tailwind next year that's controllable? The only one that we've mentioned over the course of this year, that's higher and therefore creating some margin compression in 2021 is our incentive compensation. That being said, I think everyone at WM would love to see us knock it out of the park next year such that that's not a giveback in 2022. It's the one that I would call out. There's not anything else, other than, you know, the inflationary lag that we've already discussed. Okay. Perfect. Thanks so much. We're texting and driving, Noah. Yeah. You got it. Your next question is from the line of David Manthey with Baird. Yeah, thank you. Good morning. Tagging on to that last question, I believe in the past you said about 15% of your labor and related benefits component of the cost stack is overtime, and you noted it was elevated this quarter. Can you give us an idea of how elevated it was relative to that long run average? And then should we expect that to normalize into next year as COVID settles out and hopefully you get in front of some of these labor issues? Yeah, David, I think overtime was up about 6% for the quarter. Yes, I do think that as we get some of these folks on board, that we've talked about from our staffing efforts, you're gonna start to see, as I mentioned in prepared remarks, take the most expensive hour off the street. Right now, because of some of the staffing challenges, but also because we've got volume in the collection lines of business, particularly commercial and industrial, that really outpaced our expectations, we view that as a good problem to have long term. In the short term, obviously, we're spending a little bit, some premium dollars to get that volume collected. One quick clarification because it's a great point, David. The 6% increase is actually on a sequential basis. When you look at that on a year-over-year basis, it is meaningfully more pronounced. Year-over-year, it's about a 30% increase in overtime hours that you saw in our costs in the current year. Right. Yeah, it was down significantly last year, so I guess it would have been up anyway, right? That's right. The comp is rolling up year-over-year. It's a tough year-over-year comp. Yeah. You know, we were already seeing some of that in the second quarter. The sequential impact is meaningfully lower. Okay. Thank you. Just a dumb mechanical question here. Can you help me understand the mechanism by which higher recycled commodity prices drive your operating expenses higher? Sure. In our operating expense table in the 10-Q, you'll see what we call a cost of goods sold line. That cost of goods sold line is where our rebates to our customers show up for the higher commodity prices. We also provide a table in the press release that shows the impact of that on margin. In the current quarter, that was 140 basis points. A very significant impact to the year-over-year comparison. Makes sense. Thank you very much for that. Okay, thank you. Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Jeffrey Silber with BMO Capital Markets. Thanks so much. I know it's late. I'll just ask one. Just continuing the conversation about inflationary increases. I'm just wondering from an M&A perspective, are your sellers' expectations also increasing? Are they either expecting higher multiples, or are they talking about adjustments to adjust the EBITDA because of these higher costs? Thanks. Yeah, Jeff. I guess anecdotally what I would say is we have heard that sellers are facing the same problem that we're facing, which is, you know, we've kind of called it the Great Resignation. A lot of them are saying, you know, "I've had enough and I'm gonna go ahead and sell." I would tell you this in terms of their expectations. I can't control their expectations. What I can control is what I pay, and I would much rather grow organically than pay a multiple of 13 or 14 times. We're gonna continue to be disciplined about that. Okay. That's great to hear. Thanks so much. Your next question is from the line of Jerry Revich with Goldman Sachs. Yes, hi, good morning. Good morning, Jerry Revich. Jim, in your prepared remarks, you mentioned 7-10 percentage points of price increase are needed to cover the higher costs. Can you talk about open market price increases that you folks are putting through, you know, in October and into year-end? Are you seeing that 7%-10% improvement at the yield line for your open market business based on price increases you're putting through now and what's up for renewal? No, that 7%-10% is more of a core price number. I mean, that's the price increase that we're taking. In order to get down to yield, you have rollbacks and then there's a mixed component in the yield calculation. You're not gonna see 7%-10% yield. But we do feel like with I mentioned that we've seen 8.7% labor inflation for the quarter. In order to cover 8.7% labor inflation then. Devina and John have talked a lot about the non-labor inflation that we're seeing. We do feel like we've gotta take 7%-10% price increases. That's what that number is. Okay. I believe it was two quarters ago, maybe you mentioned that you're satisfied with the way the industry has priced rationally so far in this recovery. Has that continued now that we're seeing this acute period of inflation? Did I say that? I usually don't comment on the industry because I can't control the industry. But I am satisfied with how we're doing. We do a nice job of looking at not only what our inflation is, and this has been much more accelerated than we anticipated, but also how do we improve margins? I think when you look at just about any metric, the one that we've held out as being a real success story is residential with residential yield at 5%. It wasn't that long ago that we were talking about residential yield in kind of the 1% range. We feel good about all lines of business in terms of our own pricing, and that's really the only place that I speak of is what WM is doing. Okay. And then in terms of on the labor cost topic, you know, obviously labor availability is gonna be low for the duration of this economic cycle. You know, what gives you comfort that we've reached that point of peak inflation from a training cost standpoint, et c, if you know, labor availability could actually be an escalating issue if we're having this conversation a year from now? Well, I think, Jerry, we've obviously gotten in front of the wage adjustments. We started that a couple of quarters ago, you know, really in Q2. I think that certainly helped. The other benefits we have in place have certainly helped. I think, we're tracking the job openings obviously versus volume, right? The good news is the volume is still strong. That does put some pressure on the folks that we need to recruit. As I mentioned, for the last four or five months, we're making headway in terms of what we have versus what we need, even relative to that volume. I don't think we can overstate it. I've talked about it a number of times, but a lot of conversation about pricing today as being the primary lever. I don't think we can overstate the importance of using automation to take some of the labor intensity out of this business. It's a very labor-intensive business. We have positions that have very high turnover. That does not imply that we're gonna come out with a big reduction. That's not what I'm saying. I'm saying we can automate some of these roles and then use the attrition to our benefit. I appreciate the discussion. Thanks. Thanks, Jerry. Your next question is from the line of Michael Feniger with Bank of America. Hey, guys. Thanks for squeezing me in. I'll keep it short. Just for free cash flow conversion, Devina, when we think about next year, if you can kind of just walk through the puts and takes. Obviously, CapEx this year is coming in at the low end for obvious reasons. There might be some catch up next year, so maybe CapEx to sales higher than normal. But maybe you could walk through what we think about next year, 2022, the working capital, taxes, anything you'd like to highlight as we're thinking about 2022. Yeah, it's a great question, Michael, and we're certainly already looking ahead into the 2022 outlook. You know, the strong conversion in 2021, we step back from that and say, if we're targeting a conversion of every EBITDA's dollar to free cash flow at 50%, we think that that's the outcome that's representative of a long-term trend for our business. We've had success reducing our interest expense. Tax, as you mentioned, could be a question mark for the year ahead. Too early for us to say one way or the other, although we are optimistic based on some of the conversations that are happening currently. The progress that we've made on working capital management has been really strong. That's one where I would tell you it's too early for us to declare victory. We're implementing new systems and processes, and those are showing some value. It's certainly difficult to use that as lift above that 50% target. In terms of managing CapEx, that really is the one that we're focused on, because for us, a capital dollar really should be looked at no differently than an M&A dollar. If we can get a better return on invested capital from accelerating capital in our recycling business or renewable energy facilities, we're gonna do that. While we're going to look for opportunities to accelerate capital, we're gonna do so in the same prudent way that we always do from a capital allocation perspective and look at long-term maintenance capital versus what we will consider more of a growth-oriented or investment-oriented capital decision. That's the one place that there could be an evolution in our discussion in 2022. No specific outlook that we can provide at this point. We'll give you more color next quarter. That makes sense. Since you mentioned 2022, I mean, when I look at the midpoint of your 2021 guide implies a margin of, you know, 28.3% around there. That's kind of the fourth straight year of being in that margin range. Now, granted, one of those years was in a pandemic, so that's impressive. Now we're contending with inflation. I know this has been asked a couple of different ways. Do we think that the margin, the typical margin expansion we see in this business, you know, 50 basis points or so, is that more of like a 2023 story as we're kind of in this odd period of coming out of COVID and dealing with some of these inflationary pressures? What's really interesting in that same three year period that you mentioned is the impact of recycling on our margin. I think if you stripped that away, and really consider the inflationary cost impacts and the COVID impacts that we've already discussed, you are seeing strong execution on the front line of delivering that 50 basis points of margin expansion. That's why we really wanted to add the color on commodity price impacts in the press release. Hopefully you can take a look at that table. I do think that when we look at the collection efficiency ex all of these training impacts, we've been really satisfied with the continued frontline execution of the team in delivering margin expansion, though it is, you know, covered up. We have positive expectations for 2022 at this point, though there is going to be some continued noise from the recycling part of the business. Great. Thank you. Thanks, Mark. Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I'll turn the call over to Mr. Jim Fish, President and CEO. Thanks, Erika. Well, just to conclude, thank you again, big shout out to all of our 50,000 folks for the great quarter. This has been a challenging year and a half, challenging two years for everyone, but particularly for them who have been providing essential service on the front lines since day one. Thank you to them. Thank you to all of you for joining us this morning. We look forward to talking to you through the quarter and early in next year. Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.