Good morning. Could I just check? Are we live now on the web stream? Yes, we are. Great, thank you. Good morning, everybody. Thank you very much for joining us here today, for Wise PLC half-year results for FY25. We've got some prepared slides which we will talk you through, and then we'll move on to a Q&A session where we'll start in the room, and then we'll move to our Zoom webinar for any further questions. So we have our CEO and co-founder, Kristo Käärmann, who's going to speak to us a little bit about the progress that we're making, business and strategy and the infrastructure. And then we have our newly appointed CFO, Emmanuel Thomassin, who will share with us our financial results. So with that, over to you, Kristo. Thank you. Let's see, we have clicker. Great. Thanks everyone for coming in in person. Good morning. Before we actually go into the results and look at the progress that we made in the last six months, I thought it's a good moment to get to zoom out a little bit. So look at the period of, let's say, four years, since we had listed and now. So what's happened? So you see that compared to the four years back, our cross-border business, so effectively the active customers, active cross-border customers in cross-border volume, has grown about three times over these four years. And the Wise Account, which back then was in its early days, the investments there have kind of started to show now. So over the four years, this has grown more than six times. But maybe more interesting, even on this slide, is that when we look at the underlying income now, this has grown faster than the business that we're building. So the business has grown like three times. We managed to reduce our fees over time, get a more aggressive price point, and yet still our underlying income is growing faster. It's a great proof that the mission that we're investing behind just does make a difference to our customers. And at the same time, it's producing many multiples larger business to our owners. So we believe that money should work without borders for businesses and people. But there still is a huge amount of friction, cost, and stress when we're extending our lives across borders as people or our businesses are trying to do business outside of their home country. So let's remind ourselves of the scale of this challenge. So firstly, when we look at people, we estimate them move about 2 trillion across borders, and it's grown pretty fast. We're doing about 5% of this. Small businesses move another 12 trillion. And that is where our market share is still in its very infancy. So we're less than 1%. And furthermore, additionally, larger enterprises, they move another 13 trillion. And while we don't intend to address them directly, actually, as we serve banks through our platform and some of the large enterprises, we are going to be seeing our infrastructure being used for that group as well over time. So while today we move about more than 100 billion last year, we're building a network to move trillions. And while we have a great start, we're still scratching the surface here. While we saw on the first slide that our long-term strategy is bearing fruit in terms of the numbers, I'm going to take you through the things that we are investing behind today, right now, to get to the next 100 billion on the way to the trillion. I'm going to talk through the infrastructure that we're building, which is powering the products that we serve for our customers. Then Emmanuel later is going to talk through the financial model and how this all hangs together and lets us invest for our future growth. Most people know Wise as a smooth and convenient app. Many don't realize that what we're doing here with about 800 engineers is building the infrastructure that's powering this app. The apps are easy to replicate, but the infrastructure is really what makes the difference in the cost and speed and the experience that we can offer through those apps or through the platform. So when we go in further, what does this infrastructure really mean? It allows us to operate in 40 currencies across many, many more countries. It is the unique combination of regulatory licenses, technical integration, and operational capabilities. It's powered by an operational team of 6,000 people, of which more than 800 engineers are probably one of the largest engineering teams that are working on a cross-border money movement problem anywhere in the world. So I'm only going to show a couple of developments. This is a massive kind of trail of work that we're building. I'm just going to highlight a couple of developments from the last six months just to bring it to life for us a little bit. So first of all, the service, the customer support that we provide for our customers, that should be as instant as our transfers. So we've been supporting our customers 24/7 over email for some time. But now, a few months ago, we managed to get our phone lines to 24/7 support as well. And even more recently, we managed to bring back chat support, which, given all the technical developments, is a great interaction mechanism and recently launched chat 24/7 as well. Secondly, our licenses. So we hold now about 65 different financial services licenses all around the world, ranging from making payments to holding and handling money to making investments. In the last six months, we've added two more. In India, we secured approvals to improve our outward transfers, removing a previous $5,000 cap. While we're already delivering about 10% of all the world's payments to India, according to the Reserve Bank, this is the first step of many to come for us to be able to serve Indians directly in India. In Australia, we've been granted an investment license, which opens up the opportunity to do interest-paying assets feature for Australian customers later this year. That builds out the Wise Account for Australia. That's already very popular, but I think this will make a substantial difference. Next up on the infrastructure story, direct integration. That's another thing that sets us apart. To move trillions, we intend to be directly connected to all the payment systems in the world without the middleman, of which we now have six live with a further two on the way. And let me just remind us why that makes a difference. Direct connections are very hard, but they are fundamental to creating the experience that our customers want to talk to their friends about. Regulators rightly want to ensure that highly qualified operators can only have access to the usually nationally strategic financial infrastructure that these payment systems are. So we're now operating live in five, sorry, six integrations. And the sixth one was Philippines that was added this week, or actually a few weeks ago, but we announced this week as we opened up InstaPay. And just to put some metrics in of how do we see that these instant connections are making a difference. When we launched the U.K., that was the first one, the hardest one. Our bank costs came down about nine times, that was the effect of this. When we actually talked to you about Australia last time, now we've seen that the instant transfers to and from Australia have gone from 24%, which is already pretty decent, up to 83% now through this instant connection. In Hungary, when we went instant there, we saw that because the money's already there before any customer can contact us, there was no reason to contact us. And therefore, our support costs went down and other operational costs. Now two more integrations are on the way. In Brazil, we're already bringing more transfers in and out of the country than any other bank, any other local bank, according to the central bank statistics. The direct Pix integration is going to make a difference there, in terms of the experience and the reliability of the infrastructure. We were the first bank to become a participant in Zengin. Quite recently, we announced that as well. Why am I still talking about infrastructure and these subtle proof points? Well, because 70% of our customers are coming to Wise because someone recommended Wise to them. Usually, when someone recommends, the conversation goes about either how much money they have saved by switching to Wise, about how they transfer arrive instantly on the other side of the world, the transparency of the fees, the reliability of paying and getting paid. A great indicator of progress of especially the infrastructure part is this chart here where we see our instant payments have come now to 63%. As we flagged in June, we've been able to set the lowest price point so far, as our efficiency gains in our unit cost have come through. In the most recent quarter, our cross-border take rates on the cross-border payments was 0.59%. We also know for the fact that 100% of our Wise Platform customers are partnering with us because of the infrastructure. Keeping on those price changes, the recent ones that we've made in the last six months period have actually made Wise more attractive than ever. We've seen that when customers send larger amounts of money, they are actually more likely to work out what the bank is trying to charge them in terms of the hidden fees they're hiding, trying to hide in the exchange rate. This is a good moment when doing larger payments for people get educated and they start looking around. It is therefore also very helpful for us to be super competitive on those high amount transfers. With the large transfer customers, we now give a dedicated support experience. And thanks to our recent price changes, we can serve them at an incredible price point. For example, doing a transaction here for the 2,000 pound payment to euros, we only charge 0.1%. And we're still operating these very profitably. The customer response to fee reductions or changes in pricing that we do will not be immediate. We shouldn't be looking out for that. But it's inevitable that the lowest price operator will win the scale needed to become the infrastructure to operate the trillions of cross-border money. Our infrastructure powers the products that we serve. It powers three different verticals. We serve individuals through Wise Account, the expats, the travelers, the people who have just moved countries. We serve small businesses through our Wise Business account. We serve banks and others through Wise Platform, banks and large enterprises. Let me touch on each one of those a little bit just to give you some highlights of things that have gone live over the last six months. First of all, the Wise Account adoption. We've been talking about this over time as we started with transfers and we've seen more and more people migrate to, and businesses especially actually migrate to, the Wise Account. We see about 53% now of personal customers using the Wise Account and 60% of businesses. The Wise Account story continues. We were already delivering about 12%-15% of all the money to the Philippines, all the personal transfers to the Philippines, and we were merely serving the senders, so someone, let's say, in the U.K. or in Australia paying someone in the Philippines, but the freelance community and the outsourcing community there is enormous. Now we are live with a Wise Account in the Philippines for the Filipino customers, and this comes right at the time of the InstaPay integration. Remember, a few slides back, I talked about direct integrations. The new one was the Philippines. There's a couple of things that happened in the Philippines. We added the integration and we also went live for our local customers with a Wise Account. This is just a first step, so it solves for some of the freelancer use cases. But there's more to go on bringing out all the power of the Wise Account in the Philippines. That's not all. A big difference, if I can get the clicker back, please, or go to the next slide. Thank you. So in the last six months, we've been able to do quite a lot of work in the background. So it doesn't come out as new features. It just comes out that we're able to increase limits, or remove restrictions that we've had on some routes. So we were able to increase transfer limits in India, mentioned, and Japan through the regulatory change. We went higher with Singapore, Pakistan, Vietnam, Israel, Turkey, and Indonesia. So it's a list of countries. But what that means is we can now serve bigger payments, but especially matters for businesses. It also means that it will affect our volumes that we can put through and give us more scale. And this matters more for businesses, actually, because they're usually the larger amount of transfers. So let me continue with businesses. Our strategy for Wise Business customers continues to be to serve the small and medium-sized businesses now. And over time, we're moving to larger and larger ones as both our customers grow and we're building out the more complex features that they need. An important part of running any business is to get paid. And getting paid internationally is why a lot of businesses come to Wise. So in the last six months, we made that easier. So for example, we noticed that 25% of Wise Business customers actually get paid by other Wise customers. So that transaction already happens on Wise. We now made it easier. We made it easier for our business customers to invoice others and get paid with a QR code or a payment link through a feature called Quick Pay. This kind of network effect then boosts the sender and receiver, both being Wise, leads to faster, cheaper, and actually a more convenient experience. For other business customers, those whose clients need to pay them over the traditional SWIFT method, we connected their accounts and we then were able to increase the number of currencies to more than 20 that they can get paid in. Again, the same use case, just expanding this to more businesses and more, kind of individual circumstances where businesses can get paid. We covered a couple of use cases, a couple of highlights on the personal side, on the business side. Many, many of these are helped by the infrastructure that I was talking about earlier. And that infrastructure we opened to our partners and to banks through Wise Platform. So on Wise Platform, we talked about Nubank and Qonto last time. So Latin America and Europe, these are two exceptional challengers who are growing at a very, very high speed. And yesterday, we announced a completely different partnership. We announced a partnership with Standard Chartered. This will allow Standard Chartered's customers in Asia and the Middle East to send money in 21 currencies in a matter of seconds. And it's very cool to see that they will be transparent in pricing. So their customers will also now know what they're paying for these transfers. They're going to get mid-market rates with no markups. Each new partnership, whether it's a fast-growing, challenger bank or a forward-thinking tier one bank, creates a superior experience for end users. It opens up new volume on our infrastructure that gives a scale that we otherwise couldn't have easily reached. We covered earlier our phenomenal growth over the first four years, tripling the size of the cross-border business. When we zoom out, like this looks just like a beginning of a much, much bigger opportunity. The things that we're building today that I talked about, we're building infrastructure to move the trillions. We're building apps to serve hundreds of millions of customers. We expect the support coming from all banks switching. We'll be able to support banks all around the world who are switching over from the current correspondent banks to Wise Platform. So in this context, we're really just here getting started. To summarize before I hand over to Emmanuel, we're continuing to build a best way to move and manage the world's money through doing that for a really large addressable market. We're creating the network, the infrastructure that's actually powering this. Doesn't exist. We're building products on top of that that people love. They want to talk about, they want to recommend to their friends because it's fundamentally better than anything else that's available out there. And by doing this, we're creating a really valuable company to our shareholders. So this is a massive opportunity ahead of us, but we're making progress every quarter, every half year. So I'll hand over to Emmanuel to take us through how we've did in the last six months. Thank you, Kristo. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to our trading update. It's a pleasure to have you here. My name is Emmanuel. I'm the CFO of Wise since October this year, so recently. I am the successor of Kingsley. We did a fantastic job over the months and made my onboarding extremely smooth. So thank you, thank you for that. It's my pleasure to present the half-year numbers and the results for you. But before I do so, I would like to give you on a personal note some highlights, why I joined Wise, and also what will be my priorities, for the next months or so. So why did I join Wise? I joined Wise because I met the team and I found it fantastic. I loved the culture and I loved the ambitions. I also joined Wise because I saw a massive opportunity in front of us, and Kristo touched on this one, and I will also elaborate on this in a few slides. I also joined Wise because this is a brand that people love, but the moment I announced that I will join Wise, it was a phenomenon. I mean, a lot of relatives, friends, ex-colleagues of mine, they said, "Wow, I love the product. I use it every day. This is fantastic," so I was really amazed by the brand awareness already in the market, and I also joined Wise because I think I can contribute. I mean, like, you know, with my past experience, so I think like, well, this is maybe the moment to join Wise and to contribute to this fantastic way ahead of us, so that's my reasons. Now, after four weeks, I identify some points that I'd like to focus on. This is not exhaustive and that will change probably over the time. The first one is I'd like to review our short, middle, and long-term planning, like just to understand it, to challenge it, because as a CFO, you want to make sure I can understand the numbers. But basically, this is what I would like to do. The second one is our capacities to invest. I'd like to see how can we invest at a very good return, in the future. And the third one is more on our teams. It's basically building teams together for the future. I mean, we had a tremendous journey in front of us and we want to enable the business to grow and to be ready for the growth. Before I jump into our financial KPIs, I'd also like to cover two slides that are non-financials to start with and then go to our financial KPIs. The first one is about our vision, so why we're here every day, what we're building together, and the second is about our scale capabilities, so that's why I would like to start with the non-financial slides, and now let's start with our conviction, so you just saw the slides already, but I think for me, it's important to repeat why we're here, and, you know, there's a tremendous opportunity and we are building the network for the future of money. And that's something that I think is really important. Over the last 14 years, Wise has been building this infrastructure. Kristo touched base on this, and this is the requisite. This is what is required in order to build this network. From a financial point of view, and from my point of view, it's like there's massive opportunity ahead. I mean, we touched base on how many customers and businesses are transferring every day. Cross-border volumes are around $27 trillion every year. Last year, as you know, we transferred $118 billion. The massive opportunity for Wise ahead in the next decade and more. Now I'd like also to see how are we able to scale our business. The growth of Wise is coming from customers and activity of our customers. What do we do for this? First, we invest in direct marketing, in targeted marketing at a very high return to unlock new customers, to have them join in the platform. The second one is we invest in infrastructure. You hit it and you will hit it again because this is core to our business. We invest in infrastructure, we invest in product, and thirdly, we invest in price, so we want to offer the service at the lowest price as possible to the consumer, and why we do so? Well, because this is a better customer experience, and because people love this experience, they come back, they use the products and they refer to friends. They say, "Well, this is a great product, Emmanuel, you should be a Wise customer," so like basically they come to us. So that's why all this is important because it gives us growth and it gives us scales. And the scales that we get at the attractive margin that we produce gives us a good PBT or profit before tax, which is fully actually the earnings. So the long-term earnings growth is there because of this flywheel that we generate. That's why it's so important that we continue to invest. Now, on the next page, I'd like to go to financial KPIs. As I mentioned before, I joined recently. So I will not take any credit for the numbers. They're fantastic. For a CFO, it's like, "Wow, this is it. This is a fantastic set of numbers. I did the right choice." I mean, there is no doubt about this. So I will take no credit for that. What I'd like to, I will go through every single pillar in the next slide. So I won't take too much time on every single item here. We will follow this in the next slides. But the company has changed dramatically since the direct listing in 2021. I mean, the growth is phenomenal, and when you look at the growth in terms of customers or active customers, in terms of volumes, in terms of results, all this is a result of the continuing investments that the company is doing towards a greater scale of the business as we see today, so this is the result of this investment that we're doing. Now I'd like to look at the customer growth and the activity, so the active customers is a combination of existing new customers and existing customers that are coming from our previous cohorts. Here you see that the private customers have been growing by 25% year over year and 28%-29% CAGR over the last four years, while business grew by 28%. You surely recall that last year the business growth had been a little bit lighter as we paused on the onboarding in some geographies. I'm happy to announce, and you know that for sure, that since the beginning of the fiscal year, we reopened this onboarding and we see the improvement already. This is a massive opportunity that we have with this business account. That's why, you know, we're super excited at this point to re-onboard the customers, the business customers. The activity of the customers are also driving our volume. This is what we get to see on the next slide. Logically, the numbers of active customers, the more engaged they are, this is driving our volumes. We see in the first half year of 2025, a growth of 19%, up to $68 billion, for the first six months, which is, you know, three times higher than what we had four years ago as the introduction. If we break down the growth, the private customers volume grew by 20%, while 18% for the business segment. The growth of our customers and the activity of the customers is not only driving volumes, they also trust us and increase the holding balance. We are going to see this on the next slide. The adoption of Wise Account, and you have seen, you know, the 53% for the private customers, the 60% for business, is not only driving our transfers, our core initial part of the business, but it is also driving and the proof that the Wise Account adopted. This is also driving our debit cards. The first thing that we see is that the customers are trusting us more and more. Every single quarter, they trust us more and they increase the balance. They increase the balance to now almost $15 billion. We've seen an increase of the holding balance by 31% and of the asset by 100% year on year for a product that is only two years old. So now I'd like to go to the next page and see the acceleration of what customers are, of what the customers' holding balance are also driving. So they not only drive or increase their holdings, but they also use other offerings such as the debit cards. And this does not come as a surprise for us to see that, you know, we come at GBP 170 million for the first half year in terms of volume, revenues or incomes from the cards, which is like a, sorry, a 50% growth and a CAGR of 80% over the last four years. So now let's look at the pricing. In the first six months of 2025, we adjust the pricing. After four weeks, what I realized is how complex transactions, sending money, receiving money is, and how deep in the detail you have to be in order to drive price adjustments. This is what our teams are doing. They look at every single detail, understanding the cost in every detail before taking any decision on price adjustments. When you do so, we decide we control the price adjustments because we want to make sure that this is sustainable long-term economically for the company. If you look at what we've done basically over the last year, in Q4, we end up with a take rate for the cross-border at 59 basis points. We reduce it, no, look, sorry, to, to 50, no, sorry, we started at 67 and we reduce it by to 58. It's a drop of eight basis points. This is back to our price adjustment that we've done. We give back the cost efficiency that we are generating back to lower the price. Let's look now at the evolution of the underlying income over the last four years. The underlying income increased by 36% and 19% year over year. This is due to our personal growing, but also business growing accounts as we saw before. The customer adoption of the Wise Account is impacting our revenue mix or income mix. More than one third today of the income is generated by card and orders. More than one third, we saw an increase of 52% year over year. One thing that you always see is that the impact of the price adjustments, especially on the cross-border, where we grew by 9%. This is directly an impact of this price adjustment. Now I'd like to go to the gross profit, or underlying gross profit evolution. We've seen that underlying income increased by 19%, but the underlying gross profit increased by 30%. This is an improvement by 6% in terms of margin. Part of it is due to the underlying income, but also this is coming from the cost of sales, where we also are extremely efficient and we drop the price, the cost of sales during the first six months compared to the year before. As you know, part of it is also due to the FX fluctuation. We estimate that 3% roughly the impact of FX on the cost of sales for the first six months. This gross profit that we generate gives us space to reinvest, to invest in marketing, in infrastructure, and also in price to drive more customers, so that's why we focus on gross profit and also on PBT. Before moving to underlying PBT, I'd like to look at the OpEx evolution. For the first six months, our administrative expenses increased by 24% compared to the year before, and within the administrative expense, the third-party part was growing faster than the employee benefit expenses. The reasons for this is because we choose to work with experts, consultants, external consultants, to externalize certain services that we give to the customers. Why do we do so? Because it gives us flexibility to scale up and down and also at lower cost, so here also we are looking for driving efficiency and, to reduce the cost. So now let's look at the profitability and the reported PBT. So, the PBT has grown as faster than any other KPIs that you saw on the first slide. So there's three times more active users, three times more volumes, but the PBT is growing by eight times compared to 2021. So this is a phenomenal increase over the last four years. And this is growing by 57% in the first six months compared to the year before. We generate a margin of 22% in the first year of the first six months of the year, which is above the range that we guide for the 13%-16%. So we're having no, and but the range that we give. We have now reinvest in the price offensive as we did, and we're heading now towards this range that we guide the market for the 13%-16%. This price offensive will guide us to this margin. Lastly, I'd like to go through PBT. I've been focusing on underlying PBT, which is basically for us a good representative of our financial performance. If you look here, we, as you're aware, the framework that we have in terms of interest framework, we retain 20% of the interest that we generate below the underlying PBT, and we aim to distribute 80% to our customers. In the first six months, we were able to distribute almost half of the 80%, which means that basically the rest of it was passed to the PBT. And we end up at £292 million pounds for the first half year. This is a growth of 51% compared to the year before. And this is a, you know, a CAGR of 95% over the last four years. So again, as a CFO, it's just numbers that you like, 95% growth in terms of PBT, and that translates into an EPS of 21.1p. My last slide is about guidance. As we announced in the last 20 update, we are guiding or we expect underlying income growth between 15%-20% for this year, but also in mid-term. And this is how we price our product today. And this results in a profitability margin that we expect to be between 13%-16%, as I mentioned before. And now I hand back to Kristo for the final two slides. Thanks, Emmanuel. Thanks for your first half year of many to come. So we'll be soon very happy to take any questions before we, thanks for switching the mic on. Before we do so, I just have two more slides just to summarize what we've been talking about here. And this is all about how are we going to get to this first trillion. It's going to be pretty much the same focus and the same formula that got us to the first 100 billion. As the infrastructure gets more efficient, we invest in lower fees, wider moat, while remaining healthily profitable that we've committed to. We will invest in experiences that our customers want to talk about that will get them to recommend Wise to everyone they can they meet. We will invest in marketing to amplify the message. We'll bring more features to our customers in more places. So we'll expand in geographically and we'll deepen the experience. And all of this is going to lead to more customers. And not just more customers, more evangelical customers, more customers who want to talk about Wise. So these investments are what we're getting are going to take us to the first trillion. So one thing to remind us is the investment horizon that we're investing behind is in years. So the things I talked about that were released today is not going to make the difference in numbers next quarter or even this financial year. But it's going to matter over the next decade. And the investments over the next 10 years will need the same long-term focus, the same discipline to adhering to our principles financial model. Because our shareholders own a company like no other in recent history, the one that has the foundations to eventually fix how money works across borders for people and for businesses. So thank you very much. I will open for questions. I see hands going up. That's awesome. Thanks, Kristo. And if you could just wait for a microphone to come. And when you have a microphone, please just introduce yourself and where you're from. We're going to start with questions from the room, and then we'll jump over to the Zoom webinar for further questions from there. Thanks. Thank you very much, Justin Forsyth from UBS, and welcome, Emmanuel. A couple of questions from me, if I might. So first, I wanted to hit the Standard Chartered relationship. Congrats on that one. Maybe you could walk through a little bit the process in winning that deal. Clearly, you had Mox before, which is their neobank, but how long was the sales cycle? Ultimately, why did they decide to use Wise? Appears as if their pricing was somewhat reasonable and competitive and one of the lower cost providers in their key quarters. So why did they win? Why did you win that one? And what does the pipeline look like for closing other tier one Wise Platform wins? The other one is one for Emmanuel. I wanted you to talk a little bit about your guidance philosophy. I think one of the key investor debates has been around the potential for EBITDA and PBT margin to end up above the long-term guidance range. So what are your thoughts initially on the operating leverage in this business model and, you know, your initial thoughts on that going forward? Thank you very much. Thanks, Justin. The sales cycles to large enterprises is shorter than the sales cycle to large banks. So this is as long as it gets. We've known Standard Chartered for years, and it will take time for them, for any large institution, even however much they want to use our infrastructure to get ready to actually do so. So these sales cycles are very long. Standard Chartered is a good example of that. But they're faster than everyone. They're faster than many others to give them credit. We had a fantastic partnership that launched, I think, later last year or earlier this year with Mox, their Hong Kong digital subsidiary. This has been going well. It's giving them confidence on working with us and the infrastructure investments that they're seeing and their customers already using Wise are good reasons why they want to bring this to their own platforms rather than having with Wise or with Mox. So we're very much looking forward to that partnership and the build out. Thanks for that. So maybe the other question was. Yeah, on guidance. Well, four weeks down the road. So no, it's like you heard my first priority was about planning. So I think the guidance that we give reflects the investments room that we want to have, like to invest in our product infrastructure. I will not comment on the current guidance. Basically, we are building the guidance this first half year. I've just seen on the results, on the profitability. I think that the guidance is absolutely reflecting for the future, is reflecting the price offensive and the price investments that we're doing. But more comments than this, I would ask a bit of patience. But yeah. And Kristo on the further tier one bank pipeline, if there was anything in there for large banks in the Wise Platform pipeline. I mean, eventually all the large banks are going to be there. It's just a matter of time. Right. Thanks. Thank you. Hannes Leitner from Jefferies. Maybe also on the platform side of things, maybe you can give an update how Nubank is ramping. And then maybe also you always talked, it's like very insignificant contributor to current financials. Maybe you can give there an update in terms of the platforms. And then the next thing is on infrastructure. What is the roadmap you present on your website? A roadmap, but there it seems like quite everything is current. So you're executing well on that. And then on Emmanuel, I mean, PBT margins tracking ahead, they should come closer. What is now here the moving parts? I think you kind of all indicated that price cuts for the second half are not planned. So how should we think as the business scales into second half and into next year, how close do we get to the PBT margins? And then in terms of investments, also for Emmanuel, do you see price cuts only as the investments or is that also driven by expanding the team? Thank you. And this was about five questions. So I'll do the first three. I'll take it all. So I forgot, I already forgot the first. So yes, Wise Platform is, it has an enormous potential. The people are already banking, people in businesses and large enterprises, they are already banking with someone, usually with a domestic bank, and the experience that we can create when we build Wise into that bank experience is far superior, so over the longer term, this is a huge opportunity to tap into these 27 trillion that we were talking about earlier, but we are here to give you the actual financial numbers and give you guidance in the short term, and it will take time when these numbers that we see for Wise Platform reach that threshold where we'll start breaking them out, so not yet. Nubank, Qonto, they're going really, really well. We see that a lot of our even the earliest customers on Wise Platform are still continuing to grow, actually. So the good thing with them is that they're definitely going to be growing as companies themselves. And we see the volumes growing with that. So that's also true with a lot of our Challenger customers from the earlier days. Want me to cover margin? Yes, please. So yeah, margin. So yeah, we are ahead of our, you know, the guidance that we gave in terms of margin for the first six months. I mean, that's really 2%. At the same time, the price adjustments were in line, or we were calculating, as I said before, we decide we control the price adjustments, and it was in line with our margin that we guide for the end of the year. So the second half of the year, we should be moving towards this 13%-16%. This is going to happen smoothly until the end of the year. And towards after this, we keep also the 13%-16%. There is no material price cut or adjustments because we mentioned this in our trading update like 15 days ago, and that I can confirm today. So no price cut, no price adjustments for the second half of the year. We've done it already. We're super happy with what we did, and that's going to be moving toward that margin. And then in terms of investments, because you asked like, is price cut the only investments you can do? No, I mean, like I mentioned before, product infrastructure, also like marketing is something that to drive new customers. So this is obvious investments that you can do. And beyond that, there are also other possibilities, but that's the ones that I would mention now. Hi, This past month, we saw Stripe do an acquisition in the stablecoin space. Just curious how over the next, I don't know, five years, you think stablecoins will play a role with Wise? I can't. Every time there is a crypto or stablecoin question, I think our opinion hasn't changed that if we see something that enables the movement of funds faster, cheaper, more conveniently, we will totally consider that. So that the stance hasn't changed, but we also have nothing to report that we would have seen anything interesting. So I believe their circumstances are maybe perhaps why they did that acquisition is must be something different to ours. Good morning. Alexandre Faure with BNP Paribas Exane. Thanks very much for taking my question. Couple of questions. Kristo, I think in the press release this morning, you share a relatively precise vision on the cost and the price of a $10,000 transaction in 10 years' time, so why did you feel the need to be that precise in the sharing of that vision with us today? And obviously, this sort of implies about 50% margin. I suppose that's more gross margin than PBT margin, but still, I don't think that OPEX would scale that much in 10 years' time, so we take the very long view back to many earlier questions on operating leverage and target PBT margin. So I'll pose directly to me, so I'll take that. The reason why I wasn't so explicit in the trading update was the update today is just to paint a picture a little bit. I think it's very hard, not very hard, but I kind of use our imagination to go from a business that's serving the 11 million actives we reported and 100 billion annual volume or 120 annual volume to that, which is in trillions and serving hundreds of millions of customers. That's a very different setup, very different business. The scale effects that come with operating at that scale give us something that no one else has, which is being able to price at a point that no one else can. I use this relatively far out example, and I made it precise because I wanted you to really think about how that comes to life. That was the rationale for going perhaps slightly more explicit than normal. I think like, you know, as a newbie, you know, I can see the reason why it's so difficult to see like, you know, from billions to trillions. But the investments that the company is doing is really unlocking a lot of opportunities. And, you know, it was very nice to announce on the startup yesterday or two days ago as a proof of now we're talking to tier one banks that see also the value of this instant payment, the infrastructure that Wise has been building. So, you know, it's required a bit of, you know, like projection for the future, but I think this example was exactly that. Morning guys, James Britton from HSBC. Compared to some of these guys in the room, I'm a little bit newer to the story. But I'd just be interested to hear, you know, are there you know risks from growing your business too fast? And it seems to be a lot of headroom in the business plan to actually push investment a lot harder, push marketing a lot harder, perhaps investment pricing, you know, even harder, you know, within the constraints you set yourself. So, you know, are there constraints, you know, and risks to really pulling those levers? And the second question was just really on the number of direct connections you've got. Obviously, it's a key driver of the gross margin benefits you've posted. What can you say about the sort of scope for direct connections you're targeting in the medium term? For sure. I on the direct connections, I'll start from the back one that I remember. I won't put a timeline on this, but we're at six, coming to eight now. We're operating in 40 currencies. So eight to 40 is, I guess, the scope, the immediate scope. And the world has more than 40 currencies. So everywhere where we operate at a scale, it will make sense to be directly connected to the infrastructure, straight to the metal, as they say, and or straight to the central bank in this case. So this makes a lot of sense. The scope is all of the currencies. Let me come back to the previous question. The risk. Oh, the risks. Yeah. Oh, for sure. The risks that we operate in and the environment that we operate in is very similar to when we started 14 years ago. So we've had like 14 years to manage the risks, or build our systems and infrastructure to also manage the risks. So So the infrastructure is not just pumping through money, it's also managing all the risks involved in that. So I don't think our risk profile has changed and we've built out the systems to scale the volumes at the same time as we're managing the risks involved. So I'm comfortable with that. Why don't you invest more aggressively to capture the growth opportunity that's clearly there? As in why are we not less profitable was the question? And then they said that you've posted fantastic margin numbers. Yeah. We're way above your targeted margin. So what are the constraints that stop you from investing more to actually drive more top line growth? It's a fantastic question. We do have a lot of opportunities to invest that would bring the future closer, faster. We're totally looking into doing that. But as you've seen over the history, we want to make sure that every investment that we make is very clearly paying back in returns. And we've created the investment framework with a targeted level of profitability, which kind of gives us the bandwidth to invest in. So we're Emmanuel kind of guided, we're going to get there, which is not there yet. I can confirm that these are really disciplined in terms of investments, which I really like. I mean, you really focus on the return, on the payback time, what should be accretive for the shareholders what we invest here. So that's the case. We invest also long term. I mean, like, you know, today there's six plus two licenses that we announced, but I mean, obviously, this is not the end. In terms of risk, because you mentioned before, we scale. I've been also working in a hypergrowth company before. You have to prepare the infrastructure. So you have to make sure that we can onboard the new customers and so on and so forth. But this is a bread and butter business day by day. So I see, yes, if the hypergrowth of the business will be hypergrowth, we'll have to be ready for this. And this is a bit my priority that I mentioned before to enable with the teams to enable the business to grow. Thank you. Two for Kristo and for Emmanuel. Kristo, you talked about this sort of journey from going from the billions to the trillions. How do you think of the kind of geographic coverage of the business? You said, I think you're only capturing like 5% of the opportunities. I'm curious to understand the kind of room to grow in the existing markets you're in, how much kind of land and expand is versus the trade-off of kind of new markets. And then secondly, I remember at the time of the listing, you talked about the infrastructure, the way it was constructed. At the time, you had like a 5x headroom almost if you had sort of stopped investing, but you have been obviously growing the capacity. So how do you think about that kind of capacity growth as you scale the business and how that sort of shifts over time? Emmanuel, on the price cuts, I don't know if there's anything you can share. I know you expect the kind of active customer growth to come over medium term, but is there anything from kind of prior cuts that you've sort of observed in terms of the kind of the timeline or what are the kind of constraints around that acceleration in actives? That'd be great. Thank you. So starting with a geographical split and headroom question, we had, I think, the last full year results, we had a split up and we showed the growth in growth by region. As you recall from that, it was actually pretty stable. We saw that APAC, so Australia Pacific, was growing faster, or Asia Pacific, sorry, was growing slightly faster. The rest of the world, that included Brazil, was growing a little bit faster. But generally, there was no big difference in terms of the regional growth rates. We're seeing from numbers that there's like within this 95% that we haven't yet captured, even for individuals, there's plenty of headroom in all the markets where we operate. Yeah. We don't really see that being a challenge. The capacity? In terms of the capacity, I didn't quite get what do you mean. In terms of the infrastructure that you build as you scale the business, how do you think of the rate of investment going forward? Is it sort of, I guess it's not purely linear, right? At some point, there comes a kind of a slowing of that infrastructure capacity growth. Yes. If we look at the projection forward, at the moment, we are in limiting our investment to match our financial model. And I think that's going to be going for a long time. I think our capacity to invest is not so much about the opportunities to invest in, but the capacity that our financials give us. It's kind of more limited by that today and for a foreseeable future, actually. Maybe I can cover the last question and the price cut and the impact on consumers. I mean, we know for sure from the fact that, you know, even if you come like the 70% of the customers as a reference, as a recommendation, we know that price is number one argument to join Wise. So this is clear. So that's why we do all these efforts. We pass the efficiency to pricing. In terms of timeline, don't expect, you know, to have like a big wave of new customers on the day after. We know that this is also like, you know, the elasticity is not short term, but it's like midterm or long term. So basically, you won't have a volume increase of customers the day after, but more this is driving the long term acquisition of customers. So, you know, no impact the day after, but on the middle term, long term, we know that this is important that matters at the end when people are going to transfer EUR 100,000 or EUR 10,000 of GBP, they're going to check. And at that point, price is going to be the key to get the customer. So that's why we do all these efforts continuously. Thank you. Thank you. Thanks, Mario. Hey, good morning, Kristo, Emmanuel. This is Aditya from Bank of America. Two questions for Emmanuel, one for Kristo. Emmanuel, you mentioned that you're going to look at the short, middle, and long term planning or review that. So could you just maybe elaborate on that, what you might have in mind? Sure. And then second, on capital allocation, so you have, you know, a very strong balance sheet, very strong cash flow. Could you talk about what that opens up in terms of opportunities for capital allocation going forward beyond the existing, you know, buyback, offset dilution, I guess? And then, Kristo, in the release, there's a mention of the board consulting with shareholders regarding amending the Articles of Association for the U.K. Listing Rules. So could you just maybe expand on that, maybe any initial comments? So yeah, to cover the first questions, I had the chance to start four weeks before the earnings update. You know, like I could experience like how the closing is taking place with my colleagues, which is phenomenal. I mean, like, you know, where we do super closing, super fast, people are experts. I like it, and then I think also it's a good exercise for a new CFO to look at how do we plan short term, long term, middle term. So this is just like, okay, how do we come to these assumptions? I would say it's almost like a good sanity check for a new joiner, a new CFO to understand the logic behind it and how basically the companies come to the guidance and the comfort that basically you have on the planning. I don't expect any surprise, but it's more, I think this is key that the CFO is doing this exercise, and closing, we just did it. And I was happy to jump into the water very quickly. So yeah, so that's why I think this is one of my first priorities. Capital allocation, yes. I mean, like the company is doing fantastic. I mean, like this is clear that we have excess capacities. And this exercise is not, you know, capital allocation is not something that is new for the company. The team have been working on this for quite some time already. I asked basically to pose a bit to have an opinion. So like basically, I am the one that is maybe a little bit or, you know, asking for how do we want to invest, what is the return for the shareholders just to understand it. But yes, these are these, I think, no option that is, how do you say, rejected. I just, I don't know the word in English right now. Pays off limits. Off limits. Yeah, thank you for that. So it's not an options off limits. We will consider everything in terms of allocation. The only requisite is that we have to have a good return. We have to go with return for the company, for the shareholders, and a good payback. Yes. And your question about the Listing Rules changes in the U.K., there is an opportunity for us to switch the segments in the U.K. It's for us a pretty big change. It requires a change in the articles. The board is consulting our shareholders on how to proceed with this. So more information in due course. Maybe just one quick follow-up. As you mentioned in the release, you've doubled the number of direct connections over the last year. Has anything changed in the sort of underlying environment how regulators are looking at Wise, which has sort of led to this acceleration? Is there anything changing in terms of how people are looking at instant payments or anything at all? Wise or is it just, you know, things happening all at once by coincidence? Sorry, what was the question? What was the question? Is there a correlation between the instant or sorry, the payment integrations and. Well, just the fact that you've doubled the direct connections in a year, has anything changed in how regulators are looking at Wise? Regulators, yes. Or is it just a coincidence that it's all happening at once? So I think generally, so we're licensed in, we're going to carry 65 licenses, sometimes multiple licenses in the country. So we have relationships, ongoing relationships with almost every regulator in the developed world. I think it's more the matter of time, and as they've kind of come used to our business model and how we work and operate, their confidence grows over time. Access to payment systems kind of opens up over time as well, so I think this is more kind of fruits of a long, many multi-year efforts that have all been started in parallel, so these are the investments. This is a very good question, actually, because these are the investments that we have started. Many of the like things that we're talking about today, we started two or three years ago. It's like two or three years ago, and we maybe now have the licenses to connect to Pix in Brazil. It will take a few more years where we're actually starting to see the customer benefits out of that. But if we hadn't started three years ago, we wouldn't be here today. So it's a very good example of actually a very long-term investment. Thanks for that. Thank you. Hi, it's Mark from Morgan Stanley. Thanks for taking the question. I just have a quick follow-up on the second half PBT guidance. Obviously, we can all do the math on the price cuts, but there's lots of moving parts underneath that on the cost side. So could you just give us a little bit of a helping hand in terms of walking us through the moving parts of the margin in the second half? And do you think there's a possibility that you can hit the target range in the second half of the year? Thanks. I would probably not comment on the second part of the question at this point of time, but basically, how do you model if you want to? Have you seen the cost? We reduce the take rate on the customer. You know how much revenue we do or the volume of it. So basically, you can factor in the decrease for the next six months to come. We'd give you basically the direction of travel for the margin. The rest of the cost stable. We don't expect our, you know, cost of sales. We'll continue to work on efficiency. OPEX, I mentioned before, like, you know, we invest in a third party to be flexible. So I would think like, you know, we will smoothly go towards this 16%-13%-16% margin for the second half. I mentioned like no material adjustments, price adjustments for the second half. Hi, good morning. I'm Andrew Hollingworth from Holland Advisors. Just a couple of questions on the sort of competitive situation. I'm a massive Buffett fan, and Buffett talks about assessing companies according to whether they've grown or shrunk their moat in the course of a period of time, not whether their profits have gone up or not. It's clear listening to you, your investment in price, unit costs, you know, network, yeah, you're growing your moat big time. Okay. But what I this isn't a one-horse race. And Kristo, you've talked in your other literature before about getting to the end game and making sure the lowest unit cost and the point in the future and all the rest of it. So could you talk about your competitors and what your competitors are doing, where you think you are in terms of sort of relative strength against them? I've loved everything you said today. The only thing I haven't loved is when you said at the moment we're limiting our investment to match our financial model. I don't think Elon Musk would do that. So, and I'm two-thirds of the way through Elon Musk's book, and it talks about wanting to use Twitter as a financial platform. So I'd love to hear you talk about competitors real today, competitors that could come along, and what goes wrong, because what goes right seems pretty clear. I'll take that comparison to Elon Musk. I think it's my first, although it's not positive, still my first. Where's the rocket? So your question was really about competitors and whether the competitors are investing in a moat in a similar way. I think there's, especially when you ask your question more maybe from the Wise Platform angle, it's worth thinking of competition in two ways. One is the incumbents. So incumbents are the largest, world's largest correspondent banks. This is who we compete to, who can handle the volume for banks today. And the others are newcomers and maybe the ones that don't exist today. And I will echo it back to some of my early shareholders who were in the business of investing in Wise and investing in early startups. They used to say that, you know, if you're because they're all the time they're investing in someone who's going to try to beat Google. Like, you know how you're going to, you at least have a plan how you're going to beat the incumbents. But don't forget that the new ones, you don't even know what they're going to look like. So hence, when we think about building the moat, we build a moat against the incumbents. Make it harder for them to catch up on the infrastructure. We kind of replace the rails. But we also actually compete with the companies that don't exist yet. And I think that's the maybe even the more important part of the moat. And that's the root of my question is not that I'm making comparisons with Elon Musk, but you've got people like that who take big bets, do invest for the very long term, do incur significant financial pain to do that. I suppose another way to ask it is, you know, the fact that you're prepared to run your investment levels to a financial model suggests that you are very happy with where you are in a competitive situation because you're very happy that there's great investment, great growth, secular, building competitive advantage, but there's still a bit that pops out the bottom. Whereas the fact that you haven't stood up and said, actually, do you know what? There's enough competitive pressure out there. There's enough people trying to build networks a bit like ours. We'll just invest a lot. And you haven't said that yet. I haven't said that yet. I think we're holding a really good balance at the moment. We've historically been of the view that having a balance of investment makes really good sense in what we're building as a company for the long term. But of course, we're not shying away from investments that have a potential for fantastic return over the medium to long term. So that's what Emmanuel was referring to. We might find things to invest behind and as owners of the company, we should consider that. If I may ask one more, but it's a brief one. Okay. A bit like Emmanuel, before researching the company, I hadn't come across Wise or didn't appreciate its strength and all the rest of it. I run my own business, which is perhaps unusual for institutional shareholders. Having looked at Wise through my own business, my business would probably save about GBP 12,000 a year if I start to use Wise for multicurrency invoicing and for the fact that what you pay on assets. Why couldn't your business customer in the accounts become very, very big quite quickly? And could we make sure we end up with a point that we don't have to turn them off again? And what are we doing to make sure of that? It can. It might. And we're working. But we mustn't stop starting again in terms of so what are you doing to ensure we don't stop start in terms of saying we can't onboard you as fast as you want? Well, we have been investing behind infrastructure that enables that, behind service that enables that. When we had stopped onboarding a year ago or six months ago, new customers. That was no disruption to our existing customer base. It's, I think, a great position to be in, to have so much demand that you can choose which customers you serve. We want to serve everyone, and we will do. It's kind of my job to make sure that we don't limit ourselves in terms of the number of customers that we serve. I'm glad you reminded me. Maybe if I can jump in also. I mentioned before in terms of administrative expenses, the vast majority of the 24% that you saw was investing in third party that basically are serving customers. The idea behind it is to scale up and down, up because if we face a hypergrowth, then we can scale up with these partners. This is the work that had been done over the last two years, selecting the partners, making sure that they deliver the service that our customers deserved in order to scale. So, and I think maybe like on the investments, I think because there's a big discipline, there's a very huge discipline in terms of investments in this company. We talk about capital allocation. So there are ideas, but we want to make sure that we get the return that we want. I don't think this is not a no in investments. This is more like carefully looking at it and making sure that we get the return that the company and the shareholders deserve. Thank you very much. Thank you very much for the questions in the room. We're now going to move over to Zoom, and our first question comes from Gus Gala. Over to you, Gus. Thank you. Hey, guys. Good morning. Thank you for taking our question. So the verbiage on the lowest unit cost possible, very much appreciated. How should we view this in the context of the portfolio of business lines in the sense of the cards and other revenue platforms, business accounts, and if we're, you know, how do you the value proposition versus what's out there in the market from, you know, maybe larger peers that aren't the correspondent banks, the card networks, Currency cloud that, how do you think about that, and I'll make it a multi-partner, I guess, while I'm at it. If we think about the carded portion of the business right now, you know, in the past, you gave some colors on the transactional intensity volumes, what's going on there. How are we thinking about getting those cards in more hands? And how do we think of that as a growth vector for Wise, you know, in the medium-term framework? You know, is 10-ish growth in the cross-border, you know, double-digit growth in card and other a good framework to have? And I'll squeeze in one more. I'm going to keep a tradition. On the portion of interest that you're not able to give back, is it right to reinvest based on that side? It sounds like three-eighths of it is stuck in the U.K., just structurally, regulatorily. Thank you for taking our questions. Thanks, Gus. I hope I caught some of this. Your earlier question on the portfolio approach to, I guess, to unit economics. Our general kind of thesis is that cross-subsidization generally makes you more vulnerable, and we've been the beneficiaries of this as we're taking business away from banks who historically believe that kind of the bundling effects are impenetrable, and us, maybe here, Adyen, investment services, we've all kind of unbundled a bit of the universal banking approach, so internally, the way we think about unit economics is every action, every customer, everything that we do for a customer should be profitable on its own, and sometimes it makes sense to support like parts of the business, but generally, we are very deliberate about this. We still do this. We still, let's say, cross-subsidize internally somewhat, but we try not to, and when we do, we're deliberate. It has to kind of make sense. There were many more questions. Yeah, there were card developments. So I don't know if I get completely, I guess, the question. So yes, the card developments will continue. I mean, I've seen the adoption of the Wise Account, and with the Wise Account come a debit card. So if you start a Wise Account, you usually create a debit card very quickly. It's what I did, and then, you know, you use the cards much more. So basically, this percentage that we've seen today, one-third of the revenues coming from cards and other revenues will continue to grow. It's worth noting that the transaction volume for someone that is using the card might be lower than what we've seen for other offering, you know, if you travel or if you do this for the groceries. So I don't know if this was the question, but yes, we expect the debit cards to continue to grow faster than the core business or initial business. And yeah. O n the carded portion, it was, are we doing anything to accelerate, you know, getting in the hands of people that are signing up for the account? That's really the spirit of the question there. And I appreciate the color on the cross-subsidization. My other question was on the interest that's being held back. Is it correct to think of it, you know, you know, 40-ish%, three-eighths is from the U.K. structurally until you get a license, which it doesn't seem like that's in the cards. That's going to be stuck in the system. Just how to think about that. Thank you. Yeah, that's correct. I mean, like, you're only in brackets only give back your half of the 80% that we want to distribute to consumers to the customers. Part of it or the limitation is the license in the U.K., not only, but this is one of the reasons why we can't pass the interest generated directly to the customers. Thank you. We're now going to take a question from Antonin Baudry from HSBC. Over to you, Antonin. Yes. Good morning. Do you hear me? Yes. Hello, Antonin. Good morning, Kristo. And welcome as well on my side, Emmanuel. This is Antonin from HSBC. Two quick questions on my side. The first one is on Wise Platform business model, on the type of contract that you sign with Standard Chartered, for example. How does it work? Should we expect a pickup of new active clients at some point in the coming quarters related to this type of contract ramp-up? And in terms of pricing, do you share a fee or it is Wise price plus margin? So it changed nothing for you in terms of take rates on margins. My second question is on volume per customer recovery that surprised positively in Q2. Wise accounts were supposed to dilute VPC while macro environment remains difficult. So will it be possible to update us on moving parts driving VPC recovery going forward? Thank you. I'll leave the second one to you. In terms of the relationships that we set up with banks, there are a couple of different models. I believe the Standard Chartered model wouldn't increase our active customer base. So you can see the numbers there, but it would increase our cross-currency volume numbers and affect the revenue numbers. So I don't believe we would count Standard Chartered customers among our active customer base. I think that was the technical question. Yeah, in terms of VPC, we move away from these metrics, I think, like also like the last six months ago. The reasons for this is the development that we see in the debit cards, because this is all growing the rest of the business. VPC is not the metrics anymore that we should use, I would think, because the volumes per credit cards, customer debit cards, sorry, I should say, is lower than you can expect for a cross-border transfer. That's the reason why the VPC is not giving a full picture, let's say, of the activity of the customers. Okay, just to follow up on the pricing with Standard Chartered or other platform business, is it Wise price plus margin or do you share, do you split the fees with the clients? Thank you. I can't comment on Standard Chartered's contract or deal, but generally, we don't set the prices. It's the bank who sets the prices for their customers. The agreement that we have with all of our Wise Platform partners is that their customers have to be able to use the real mid-market exchange rate. So there's no hanky-panky with the exchange rates or hidden fees. So all the fees have to be transparent in all platform partnerships. But the fees are set by the client who owns the customer. But sorry, but I think we charge the banks with our fee. Yeah, we charge our fee. They decide, so basically, we charge the banks with our fee that we want to get for the services, and the banks decide how much they want to charge to the customer. So if they don't want to make any uptick, but I don't think so, on the transaction, we will charge them the amount of X, and then they will charge on top of that to their customers. Correct. Great. Thank you. We're now moving over to Sven Merkt from Barclays. Hi, good morning. Thank you for taking my questions. Great to see all the progress that you have made. I had a question on the gross margin and specifically on the difference between the FX business and then the card and other revenues. The question I wanted to ask is just how much of the recent gross margin increase is maybe related to the strong growth in card revenues, if you could comment on that? Then secondly, could you also comment, please, on the timing and the quantity of the cost benefit from the new direct connection, please? Thank you. I'll start with the gross profit margin. Then, so as we said in the presentation, like 3% of the decrease that we've seen in the gross profit cost, let's say, or the variable cost is coming from FX. This is obviously independent from our activities. That means that the rest of the 3% are a little bit more than that or in our dependency. This is the efficiency that we gain over the time, and then this will continue. So the 3% in terms of fluctuation in currency, that's independent of our activities, not fully, but part of. I mean, I said the vast majority of it. And the rest of it will continue to have this efficiency going forward. I think the question might have been about, so just to be clear, what we talk about here is the FX effects on our cost of goods sold, goods cost. The question might have been about how the gross margin of card revenues is different from the cross-border revenues. I think on that base, we don't expose the splits, but our general principle is that, as I mentioned earlier, all of our services should have a similar level of profitability if that's possible. If it's not possible, we subsidize where, and we're willing to tolerate different gross margins, but then we'll be deliberate about this. I forgot the last part of the question. The last part of the question was, I forgot. Oh, benefits from direct connection. These are, I think you got the sense how big of a, they're quite substantial investments to make. The amortization, I'm using this loosely, this term, happens over a long, long period of time. Sometimes we have immediate cost benefits of cutting out the intermediaries. Actually, the bigger benefit comes from the experience that otherwise is not possible, from instant payments with higher reliability, with kind of lower support costs. There's a different type of investment, I would say, that we have quite a substantial regulatory technical investment to begin with, but we're reaping lower unit costs over time. We kind of amortize this over kind of very long, very long time. Yeah, I think direct cost is the intermediaries, as you said. And then indirect cost is the service quality, the service level, because people are more happy. They receive instant payment. Basically, they call less. And you also not only have a better customer experience, but also in terms of cost, you have savings. Great. Thanks, Ben. So now over to Josh. Josh Levin from Autonomous. Hi, good morning. Two questions for me. First, you talked about getting more direct connections to payment systems. Will you need to get a banking license to do that? And the second, in the Standard Chartered deal, will the customer know that he or she is actually riding on Wise rails, or is it purely white label? Thank you. I'll take both of them. I think, again, I can't comment for sure. So I don't know is actually the answer. They don't have to know, I think. We have partnerships in both ways. Sometimes the bank or the client tells the customer that they're using Wise. Sometimes they don't. Sometimes the bank wants to tell them. So I don't know. I think it's actually quite likely up to Standard Chartered what they choose. And the other question was about direct license. Do we need a bank license in order to increase? Yeah, so there's a shift. It was a really, you asked the question. So it was a really weird regulatory setup, let's say, five, ten years ago in the world where you had to be lending customer deposits to access a payment system. So most regulators have now moved on from that, kind of recognizing that payment companies should have access to payment systems. Most of the more regulatory environments in the developed world have kind of shifted their understanding and changed the rules. It's a relatively fresh change that non-banks are able to connect. For example, in the U.K., we were the first non-bank to connect to the Faster Payments in, was it 2017, 2018? In Japan, I mean, they're a relatively conservative regulatory environment, regulatory pace, or they're very careful in the steps that they take. We were last week the first non-bank to join Zengin as the payment system. So this is a, these regulatory limitations used to be in place. They're now being lifted everywhere in the world. And that has kind of given us the opportunity to join. Thank you. So now over to Gautam Pillai at Peel Hunt. Thanks. Gautam, you're able to speak? Okay. So the next question is from Noushin Nejati at Deutsche Bank. Thanks. Hi, thanks for taking my question. A couple from my side. You mentioned 3% FX fluctuations impact on cost of sales in H1. Any color? How should we think of it for H2? And then on outsourcing or use of third parties, is it something you're going to continue? Will we see lower hiring in a sense, or how should we think about this? And then the last one on the guidance, if I may. As we are moving towards the 30%-16% margin, and as we have this elevated margin for H1, what prevents you to give us a more clear guidance for full year and maybe next year? On the FX, I don't have an answer because there are the movements of the FX for the next six months is difficult to predict. I mean, like there's an event yesterday that could impact our U.S. dollar GBP. So I'm really not in a good place to predict, but we know for sure that they will have an impact. So I don't know what would be the impact for the next six months. The second one was how to, or do we expect to employ more people? I think the direction of travel is to have this flexibility. I mean, we mentioned before, how do you scale the business in phase of hyper scale? And that's why we're looking at working with experts, our external consultant, to have this flexibility and to be able to scale. So I think, you know, as I mentioned in my presentation, the third-party development year over year was faster than their employee benefits. And this is also, I think, a measure that we will continue to do in the future. And I didn't have the time to. Guidance. Oh, the guidance. No, at this time, you know, like we know we feel comfortable to confirm the guidance for this year, for the rest of the year. We discussed about this at length and for next year. Again, four weeks down the road. So maybe, you know, we're going to see each other for the next earnings update. And we will then, you know, dig into the guidance for 2026 and beyond. But at this time, I think we're comfortable with the guidance that we give. Thank you. There are no more questions. Excellent. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. Thanks for all the questions. You're all very thorough. Thank you very much. My move. All right. Thanks, Mel.