Good morning. Welcome to the WTW Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Earnings Conference Call. Please refer to wtwco.com for the press release and supplemental information that were issued earlier today. Today's call is being recorded and will be available for the next three months on WTW's website. Some of the comments in today's call may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed today, and the company undertakes no obligation to update these statements unless required by law. For more detailed discussion of these and other risk factors, investors should review the forward-looking statement section of the earnings press release issued this morning, as well as other disclosures in the most recent Form 10-K and other Willis Towers Watson SEC filings. During the call, certain non-GAAP financial measures may be discussed. For reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures, as well as other information regarding these measures, please refer to the most recent earnings release and other materials in the investor relations section of the company's website. I'll now turn the call over to Carl Hess, WTW's Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us for WTW's Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Earnings Call. Joining me today is Andrew Krasner, our Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I'd like to acknowledge the devastating wildfires in California and express our deepest sympathy to all those affected. For our colleagues, clients, and business partners in the areas impacted, our thoughts are with you, and we will continue to lend our support through this difficult time. 2024 was a landmark year for WTW. The completion of our three-year Grow, Simplify, and Transform strategic priorities has strengthened our competitive position and enabled us to deliver on our financial targets for 2024. Thanks to our team's focus and collaboration, we entered 2025 with strong momentum in the market and all our businesses primed to perform. As we discussed at our Investor Day in December, three years of hard work to Grow, Simplify, and Transform have made WTW a faster-growing, more focused, and more profitable company. We grew the business by making strategic investments in talent and innovation, simplified our business to become more efficient and agile, and transformed the business to modernize and enhance how we operate. The successful execution of our strategy was reflected in our Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 results. We delivered 5% organic revenue growth in the Fourth Quarter, with an adjusted operating margin of 36.1%, up 190 basis points over the prior year. Excluding Tranzact, which we divested on December 31st, we recorded 6% organic revenue growth and 36.6% adjusted operating margin. Our Transformation Program, which is now concluded, delivered $27 million of incremental annualized savings during the quarter, bringing total savings over the life of the program to $473 million. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $8.13, a 9% increase year-over-year. For the full year, we had organic revenue growth of 5%, in line with our mid-single-digit target, or 6%, excluding Tranzact. We expanded adjusted operating margin by 190 basis points year-over-year to 23.9%, or 24.4%, excluding Tranzact, fulfilling our commitment to annual margin expansion. Our adjusted diluted earnings per share were $16.93, up 17% year-over-year. We're proud of our 2024 performance and are excited for the next chapter at WTW as we implement our new strategy to accelerate performance, enhance efficiency, and optimize our portfolio. We're now focused on extending and amplifying our strengths and building on the solid foundation we've created over the last three years. To accelerate performance, we're focused on strengthening our core businesses, continuing to innovate, leveraging and expanding our global footprint, and advancing connections across our business. To enhance efficiency, we're committed to continuous improvement and delivering on our GDO efforts to drive both margin and free cash flow improvement. To optimize our portfolio, we'll proceed by investing organically and inorganically to improve our business mix, guided by a focused investment framework and a rebalanced capital allocation strategy. As we discussed at Investor Day, many of our strategic objectives represent an evolution rather than a revolution for our businesses. We feel confident about the path forward because we're focusing on and investing most heavily in our best-performing ideas. Let me take a few minutes to share some color around several of our key client wins from the fourth quarter, reflecting our strategic priorities. Our industry-leading analytics capabilities were a key contributor to signing a major global logistics provider to a cross-segment contract, which includes all its global lines of insurance coverage as well as Global Benefits Management. We previously worked with this client on a much smaller mandate, and by using our Risk Intelligence software, it changed how the client thought about their insurance portfolio and who they wanted to work with. Together with the trust our team built, our innovative and collaborative solutions led the client to appoint us over their incumbent broker. We'll continue to focus on strengthening smart connections across our business and going to market collaboratively. In the Fourth Quarter, this approach, alongside our global service delivery model, helped us expand our existing relationship with a large global IT vendor to cover a full spectrum of insurance programs, Global Benefits Management, and Embark and Engage implementations. Similarly, collaboration between our CRB and HWC teams in Asia and Europe helped secure a brokerage appointment across both businesses for a leading communications technology group in Asia, highlighting the connectivity of our businesses across segments and regions. In HWC, we're continuing to focus on our core businesses that have sustained mid-single-digit growth since 2016 and delivered 3% organic growth or 6% organic growth, excluding Tranzact, in the Fourth Quarter. HWC's strategic priorities of core growth, smart connections, and innovation will enable us to build on our strong financial track record with sustained revenue growth and further margin expansion. Many of our new business wins in HWC in the Fourth Quarter reflect these priorities. We continue to add new multi-year client contracts in our core service areas due to our deep technical expertise, sophisticated analytics, and our ability to create breakthroughs that matter. Our focus on smart connections resulted in wins that extend across service areas. For example, one of the world's fastest-growing international airlines chose us as their ongoing pension investment advisor, global retirement governance advisor, and outsourcing provider. We won Health and benefits plan management and communications work for a Fortune 500 diversified manufacturing company, unseating decades-long incumbents, and one of the largest nonprofit healthcare systems in the United States awarded us a long-term outsourcing, retirement, and employee experience contract, and so did a leading logistics company based in Europe. In R&B, as our specialization strategy continues to generate strong results, we're focused on deepening our expertise and expanding our existing specialty lines into new geographies while building the talent and tools to support new specialized lines. In the fourth quarter, we delivered high single-digit organic growth in R&B and won a number of large contracts that reflect the value of our specialization strategy. In CRB, a cross-border team spanning multiple specialties created a customized Construction program for a Middle Eastern mega project of an Asian manufacturing company. Our global collaboration and local expertise helped us secure the work for all risk coverage for the project, and in ICT, we won a multi-year software contract with a large insurer, driven by our global analytics capabilities and the efficiency of our technology solutions. I also want to take a moment to highlight our progress on optimizing our portfolio. As I mentioned earlier, we completed the sale of Tranzact for $632 million on December 31st and expect this divestiture to strengthen our growth rates, operating margins, and free cash flow starting in 2025. We're also re-entering the reinsurance market through a joint venture with Bain Capital, and Andrew will provide some financial details on that later, and as we discussed at Investor Day, we're taking a focused and disciplined approach to organic investment. We're prioritizing improving our business mix, expanding our reach across the insurance value chain, and enhancing our margins and cash flow. We'll be thoughtful about the opportunities we pursue, recognizing the importance of minimizing business disruption and creating clear cultural alignment. As I look at the year ahead, I feel confident in our position and our outlook for 2025. We have strong momentum in the market. We continue to make steady progress against our strategy, and the political and regulatory changes we're seeing in the U.S. and elsewhere across the globe tend to support client demand for our services. We introduced a financial framework at Investor Day in December that calls for mid-single-digit organic growth, continued annual adjusted operating margin expansion, annual adjusted EPS growth, and ongoing growth in free cash flow and free cash flow margin. Andrew will share more details on our financial performance and outlook shortly, but before I hand it over to him, I want to take a moment to reflect on what we've gained from the journey that we've been on these past three years. We have grown, we have simplified, and we have transformed, and we are much better for it. I have never been more optimistic about WTW's future. We are more focused, more connected, more efficient, and more aligned than we've ever been. We're keenly focused on realizing our potential to create value for our shareholders. We're well-positioned to accelerate performance and deliver profitable growth through innovation and expansion into attractive markets. We're continuing to enhance efficiencies across the company for continued margin expansion and free cash flow improvement. We're optimizing our business mix to elevate our financial performance and our strategic position. I want to thank all our colleagues for their contributions to improving WTW and for their continued commitment to our clients and our company. With that, I'll turn the call over to Andrew. Thanks, Carl. Good morning, and thanks for joining us today. In the fourth quarter, we delivered organic revenue growth of 5%, or 6%, excluding Tranzact. Adjusted operating margin expanded 190 basis points to 36.1%, or 36.6%, excluding Tranzact. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $8.13, an increase of 9% over the prior year. For the full year, we delivered organic revenue growth of 5%, or 6%, excluding Tranzact. Adjusted operating margins expanded 190 basis points to 23.9%. Excluding Tranzact, our margin expanded 210 basis points to 24.4%. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $16.93, up 17% over the prior period. Our full-year results reflect our strong execution against our Grow, Simplify, Transform strategic priorities, positioning us well as we entered 2025. Next, I'll spend some time reviewing our segment results. Note that to provide comparability with prior periods, all commentary regarding the results of our segments will be on an organic basis unless specifically stated otherwise. Health, Wealth, and Career revenue grew 3% compared to the Fourth Quarter of last year. Excluding Tranzact, HWC revenue grew 6%. For the full year, HWC generated 4% organic growth, or 5%, excluding Tranzact, which was in line with our outlook for the segment as we outlined at Investor Day. Our health business grew 18% for the quarter, or 16%, excluding book of business activity. All geographies achieved double-digit growth, with new business and strong client retention being the primary contributors. The continued expansion of our Global Benefits Management client portfolio, which we discussed at Investor Day, was a meaningful driver as well. We also saw robust consulting project activity in Europe. As expected, timing of consulting projects and commissions positively impacted our North America results. We expect Health to deliver high single-digit growth in 2025 based on our 2024 new business success and our current pipeline and sales focus. Wealth revenue grew 3% in the fourth quarter, driven by low single-digit growth in our retirement business. We saw strong demand for LifeSight in Europe, as well as consulting projects to implement legislative changes. North America also grew on the back of higher levels of project activity. Our investments business delivered low single-digit growth despite a strong comparable due to new business wins and successful new solutions. We continue to expect low single-digit growth in the Wealth business. Career delivered 1% revenue growth in the quarter below our expectations. Timing limited growth in the quarter, with some sold projects delayed to Q1. For the full year, Career recorded 4% organic growth, and we are confident that Career will continue growing at similar mid-single-digit levels. Benefits Delivery and Outsourcing revenue declined 2% versus the Fourth Quarter of last year. Excluding Tranzact, BD&O revenue grew 1%, with notable growth in project work in benefits outsourcing and new client wins and retirees shopping for new plans in Individual Marketplace. Excluding Tranzact, BD&O grew 2% for the full year, 2024, despite facing a significant headwind from a large client that insourced its health and benefits administration, as we've discussed in previous quarters. Looking ahead, we expect BD&O to grow at a mid-single-digit rate. HWC's operating margin for the Fourth Quarter was 41.9%, an increase of 140 basis points compared to the prior year, primarily driven by transformation savings. For the full year, HWC's operating margin grew by 170 basis points to 29.7% and by 180 basis points, excluding Tranzact, to 31.4%. As we mentioned at Investor Day, for 2025, we expect continued margin expansion in HWC. Moving to Risk and Broking, fourth quarter revenue was up 7% on an organic basis, or 8%, excluding book of business activity, on top of a double-digit comparable in the prior year. Operating margin expanded 60 basis points to 33.5%, despite an 80 basis point combined headwind from book of business activity and a decline in interest income. For the full year, Risk and Broking revenue saw 8% organic growth. Excluding the impact of book of business activity and interest income, R&B's growth rate was also 8%. Corporate Risk and Broking had a solid quarter, growing 6%. Excluding book of business activity and interest income, CRB revenue grew 8% on top of a double-digit comparable, with contributions from all regions and driven by continued improvement in client retention levels globally and strong new business generation. As Carl mentioned, our specialization strategy continues to lead the way, with Facultative, surety, and Marine specialty lines having been major contributors to the strong growth performance this quarter. Robust new business activity across a wide range of lines drove growth in Great Britain and Western Europe, which delivered double-digit growth as a whole and in a number of countries in the region, with particular strength in Facultative, Construction, Natural Resources, Financial Solutions, finance, Marine, and Aerospace. North America's growth was supported by strong client retention and new business growth. Our international region had strong organic growth across the board, with notable double-digit increases in Latin America, Central Europe, and Asia, as well as many of our specialty lines. Moving on to our insurance consulting and technology business, revenue was up 11%, led by strong technology sales and modest growth in consulting services. As we discussed at Investor Day, our ongoing investment in technology is driving an intentional mix shift in ICT, creating value for our clients by integrated technology and consulting solutions. Looking ahead, we continue to expect mid to high single-digit growth from both CRB and ICT. R&B's operating margin was 33.5% for the quarter, a 60 basis points increase over the prior year fourth quarter, primarily due to operating leverage from our organic revenue growth, as well as transformation savings, partially offset by headwinds from book of business activity and declining interest income. As we outlined in December, we continue to expect to deliver 100 basis points of average annual adjusted operating margin expansion in R&B over the next three years, driven by operating leverage and additional efficiencies, including the deployment of our global broking platform and workflow optimization. Now let's turn to the enterprise-level results. Adjusted operating margin for the Fourth Quarter was 36.1%, a 190 basis point increase over prior year, primarily driven by greater operating leverage and continued benefits from our now-completed transformation program. We had $27 million of incremental annualized transformation savings, bringing a total of $473 million of cumulative savings since the program's inception. Foreign exchange was a headwind to adjusted EPS of $0.08 for the quarter. Based on our current outlook and at current spot rates, we expect foreign exchange to be a headwind of approximately $0.18 on adjusted EPS for 2025. Our U.S. GAAP tax rate for the quarter was 26% versus 15.7% in the prior year. Our adjusted tax rate for the quarter was 21.3% compared to 19.1% for the Fourth Quarter of 2023. Our full-year adjusted tax rate was 21.5%. We expect our 2025 tax rate to be relatively consistent with that of 2024, though we do see some potential for a modestly more favorable rate. As Carl mentioned, WTW completed the sale of the Tranzact business on December 31st. We believe this sale will help us sharpen our strategic focus, simplify our portfolio, and accelerate our progress towards our long-term free cash flow margin goals. The transaction resulted in a pre-tax loss and related impairment charges of over $1 billion each, which are reflected in the full-year GAAP results. These are one-time non-cash charges and are not included in adjusted diluted earnings per share. We generated Free Cash Flow of $1.4 billion for the full year of 2024, an increase of $184 million from prior year, primarily driven by operating margin expansion, partially offset by cash outflows related to transformation and discretionary compensation payments. Given the sale of Tranzact, the wind down of our transformation-related cash spending, and expected annual margin expansion, we expect to continue expanding our free cash flow margin in 2025, with partial offsets from residual cash transformation expenses and cash taxes on the Willis Re earnout payment, which will be classified as cash flow from operating activities. During the quarter, we returned $484 million to our shareholders via share repurchases of $395 million and dividends of $89 million, bringing us to $1.26 billion in capital return to shareholders for the full year. Before wrapping up, I want to take a few minutes to provide some thoughts on 2025. First, we are making some changes to our non-GAAP metrics to better reflect how we view our core operating performance and to better align with industry reporting. Starting with Q1 2025, we will exclude pension income from adjusted EPS, adjusted EBITDA, and the adjusted effective tax rate. Also, free cash flow and free cash flow margin will reflect cash outflows for capitalized software costs. Please refer to the appendix of our supplemental slides for detailed information on these upcoming changes and the recast of our historical non-GAAP measures. Second, as we discussed at Investor Day in December, we are now in a position to rebalance our capital allocation approach thanks to the success of our Grow, Simplify, and Transform priorities. We intend to maintain share repurchases as the primary form of capital return and a central component of our capital allocation strategy. We expect to allocate approximately $1.5 billion to share repurchases in 2025, subject to market conditions and potential capital allocation to organic and inorganic investment opportunities. We plan to continue to invest in talent and our platform to drive sustainable growth and expand margins. We will also increasingly emphasize M&A aligned with our strategic priorities of improving our business mix, expanding our reach across the insurance value chain, and enhancing our margins and free cash flow. As part of our investment program, we will be making initial investments in our reinsurance joint venture to support its development as a startup venture, which we expect to be a $0.25-$0.35 headwind to adjusted EPS this year. Finally, we introduced our financial framework at Investor Day in December and have provided some financial considerations for 2025 in our release and slides, most of which I've discussed in these comments as well. In closing, we are very pleased with our strong business performance in 2024 and expect this momentum to continue in 2025. With that, let's open it up for Q&A. As a reminder, to ask a question, please press star 11 on your telephone and wait for your name to be announced. To withdraw your question, please press star 11 again. In the interest of time, we ask that you limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from Elyse Greenspan with Wells Fargo. Hi, thanks. Good morning. My first question is just on kind of thoughts on overall margin improvement. I know you said, you know, 100 basis points in R&B. There was, you know, no guide other than improvement within HWC, and obviously unallocated costs can fluctuate. So can you just kind of go through the headwinds and tailwinds to margin improvement and how you think about overall, you know, margin improvement in 2025? Sure, Elyse. Thank you and good morning. We expect to expand our margins for 2025. We're going to do this in a few ways, right? We're going to focus on capturing the benefits from our transformation program. We're going to leverage our We Do organization and know-how to continue to enhance efficiency through our right work, right place, right technology, and right real estate strategy. Secondly, we see additional opportunities to invest in process optimization and enhance our work and be more consistent in our client service delivery. Then lastly, we're focused on automation to support productivity gains. We see opportunities to leverage AI responsibly to intelligently enhance our work and further streamline processes. Yep. Elyse, I can walk you through some of the puts and takes as we think about the '25 margin expansion opportunity. The sale of Tranzact will be approximately a 50 basis point tailwind on enterprise margin. For HWC, you know, where we have a strong track record of delivering margin expansion, we expect to have incremental growth beyond the impact of the Tranzact divestiture. Within R&B, as we discussed at Investor Day, we expect to deliver roughly 100 basis points of margin expansion on average over the next three years. You know, we're confident in our ability to achieve this as our transformation program has set us up to drive additional efficiencies in R&B. Our unallocated net was $310 million in 2024. We expect 2025 to be roughly in line with 2024. And, you know, we acknowledge there may be some modest pressure from declining interest rates, and that has been contemplated in what I just walked through. Thanks. And then my follow-up is on capital management, right? I know you guys, you know, kind of were talking to this more balanced approach, right, stemming from Investor Day. I still would have thought the buyback might have been higher just given the Tranzact proceeds. The Willis Re earnout is coming, and you're, you know, still strong cash, current cash position and free cash flow generation. So can you just spend a little bit more time walking us through how you came up with the $1.5 million? And then in terms of deal activity, M&A, right, is now part of the equation. Do these smaller things just help us think through, you know, what transactions Willis might consider? Yeah, sure, Elyse. I mean, just to be clear, right, shareholder returns remain a central component of our capital allocation strategy. You can expect us to remain aggressive and opportunistic, right, as we believe our stock remains undervalued in the marketplace. We are not just holding ourselves to a specific target for the next few years, as we do expect to deploy capital toward M&A and other organic opportunities. Yeah. And, you know, for 2025, we're expecting share repurchases of approximately $1.5 billion, subject to market conditions and potential capital allocation to organic and inorganic investment opportunities. You know, as we think about, you know, the pacing of that, we continuously monitor our cash levels and market conditions to take advantage of opportunities to accelerate repurchases if the opportunity presents itself. And, you know, as we've talked about in the past, you know, believe it's prudent to maintain an appropriate amount of financial flexibility, and I think that's what you're seeing there. And as we always have, we'll evaluate all of our options for capital allocation, you know, which include share buybacks, internal investments, and carefully considered strategic M&A to ensure that we're maximizing value creation for shareholders. Our next question comes from a line of Gregory Peters with Raymond James. Good morning, everyone. For the first question, I'll focus on free cash flow. It seems like there's going to be some moving pieces in 2025. So maybe you did reference some of them in your comments. Maybe we can go back and go into a little more detail on what's going to happen. And then also related to that, I know you have this longer-term objective of 16%. Can you, on the conversion ratio, can you just update us on your perspective for that? Yeah, sure. Absolutely, Greg, so as we discussed at Investor Day, we are intensely focused on improving our free cash flow margin by beginning to evolve our business mix, you know, continuing to improve working capital management and also, of course, enhancing our operating margins, and we're very happy with the progress we've made enhancing our free cash flow profile during 2024. You know, the free cash flow of $1.4 billion for the year is an increase of $184 million from last year. That was primarily driven by operating margin expansion and partially offset by cash outflows related to transformation and discretionary compensation payments, and all of that represented a free cash flow margin of 13.9%. In 2024, there was about 140 basis points headwind from Tranzact and approximately 320 basis points headwind from transformation spending, so normalizing our 2024 free cash flow margin for those factors, we delivered a free cash flow margin of around 18.4%, and we expect to continue to improve upon this. As a reminder, you know, starting in Q1, free cash flow and free cash flow margin will reflect cash outflows for capitalized software costs, and, you know, we recasted all of the historical non-GAAP measures in the appendix of the supplemental slides, and as we think about 2025, you know, given the sale of Tranzact, the wind down of the transformation-related cash spending, and expected annual operating margin expansion, we expect to continue expanding our free cash flow margin on a reported and normalized basis. More specifically, we expect cash outflows of around $90 million in 2025 from the settlement of accrued costs related to the transformation program, which concluded in 2024. And in terms of, you know, cash taxes related to the Willis Re earnout, we expect a headwind there of up to around $90 million in 2025. Thanks for the detail. I guess the other question I had is sticking on the commentary you had. You mentioned in your prepared remarks, you know, foreign exchange headwinds. You also talked about the reinsurance joint venture. Could you provide us some perspective on the geography of where these are going to show up inside your reported financials? I guess the foreign exchange is going to be evenly spread out between the two segments, but I'm curious how the reinsurance headwind is going to show up in your financials. Is there any seasonality issues that we should be considering when we think about foreign exchange and reinsurance costs? Yeah, sure. So in terms of geography on the reinsurance side, that will be below the line outside of operating margins. And, you know, as it relates to FX, you know, our largest exposures are, you know, sterling, euro, and Canadian dollar. In Q1, you know, we expect an FX headwind of about $0.08 a share relative to the $0.18 for the full year. Our next question comes from a line of Andrew Kligerman with TD Cowen. Hi, good morning. So in your strategy with the departure of Michael Chang recently and then some big, big hires to replace him, and I think you added some other people, as I've heard. Then on the call, I heard, and one of the kind of hallmarks while he was at WTW was to build out that specialization program. Carl, I thought I heard you say that you want to expand specialization into new geographies. Just to confirm, it sounds like specialization is still a very prominent part of your plan. Could you elaborate on, you know, what you mean by new geographies, what areas that might be, and if that means that, you know, your net hiring will be pretty robust as a result? Sure. Thank you. Good morning, Andrew. I mean, we are really pleased with the results we've been generating over the last few years from our specialization strategy. It has been a key driver of growth for R&B. We continue to see strong growth in our specialty businesses, and that outpaces our overall CRB average growth rate. We think our strategy sets us apart from others in the industry in that our entire business, not just the parts that face the market, is structured along industry verticals, and as part of this strategy, we have local specialties in each of our regions as there are nuances and different dynamics depending on geography, right? For example, we have industry verticals in real estate and hospitality and leisure in North America, given large client base demand in that region. In Europe, where there's more of a demand for commercial auto, we have local specialty teams for that particular segment. You know, so we basically are expanding the specialty strategy, but customizing it as we go for geographies. North America, which is our largest geography, was the natural place to start this, but building on our strong heritage and our global lines of business centered in the U.K. I mean, we're really pleased with these results we see from this because it's been successful, because it works for clients, right? And in North America, right, you know, where the work has done to focus on our specialty strategy, and that's led to the continued growth in that region for the last years, you know, we are very excited to welcome Pat Donnelly to WTW. That's what you're alluding to with your question. I mean, Pat is a highly respected and accomplished leader, has a tremendous background, and his leadership will help us drive growth and accelerate our specialty strategy in the region. And we're looking forward to welcoming him during the second quarter. That's great. So that's exciting expansion. And then just thinking about what you've done in the last two, three years with hires, is there still a tailwind from that as those producers kind of mature into their new roles at WTW, or has that generally kind of matured and your growth will be based on, you know, what you're doing now in expanding into new geographies and the like? Yeah, it's Andrew. You know, we're very pleased with the growth rates we've had in Risk and Broking and CRB as well. And, you know, we do expect, you know, some continued productivity improvement from those cohorts of new hires over the last few years. And, you know, all of those new hires have contributed to the organic growth in the segment. However, our competitive growth rates are a function of the efforts of all of our colleagues and the specialty strategy that's driving that. And even without the contribution from the recent hires, we would have had competitive growth rates. Our next question comes from a line of Rob Cox with Goldman Sachs. Hey, thanks. I had a question on the reinsurance JV. Could you just talk about the dollar amount cash outflows that you'd expect there annually? And sorry if I missed this, but if you could just confirm that that would not impact the Free Cash Flow. Yep, correct. That would be sitting outside of Free Cash Flow. It would show up in the investing section of the statement of cash flows. And in terms of overall size, you can think of it as a bolt-on acquisition, you know, over a several-year period as, you know, we continue to fund the startup. Yeah, I mean, the timing, right, this is an organic, essentially an organic build, right? We don't expect to achieve steady-state growth rates and full margin potential for the next several years. And, you know, the amount of the investment will depend on the size of the opportunity we see in front of us. Okay, got it. That's helpful. And I just wanted to ask on health, excluding the book of business sales, sounded like organic growth was still 15%, which is much stronger than peers. Just curious, what is driving that growth? And if any of the large new business wins that you had touched upon there is kind of contributing to any of the forward growth? Yeah, sure. So you're right, excluding, you know, the book of business activity, you know, growth for the quarter was 16% within health. And that revenue growth was led by increased project work and brokerage income in North America, as well as the continuous expansion of our Global Benefits Management client portfolio in our international and Europe geographies. And, you know, consistent with what we shared at Investor Day, you know, continue to expect high single-digit growth for this business. Market demand overall remains strong given healthcare inflation and employment levels. And, you know, while we expect growth rates to be more balanced in 2025, you know, the stronger comparable in the second and fourth quarter could lead to some lumpiness on a quarter-by-quarter basis throughout 2025. Our next question comes from Alex Scott with Barclays. Hey, good morning. First one I had for you is on just the M&A environment. It seems like maybe opportunities and, you know, with larger companies that are maybe getting too large to stay in the private, you know, market are, you know, accelerating, and, you know, I'd just be interested in if that's what you're seeing, if you have interest in doing something larger and just how to think about that in the context of, you know, what I thought was a pretty sizable buyback, actually. Yeah, I, you know, won't comment on what other companies may be thinking of in terms of their strategy, so I'll probably focus a bit on more how we're thinking about this. You know, look, over the last three years, we've solidified our infrastructure and strengthened the company. We have the right business focus and more efficient processes and tools to integrate potential targets with WTW and deliver long-term value. We look at our strategy to, you know, as we try to achieve three key objectives, right? First, improve our business mix to enhance our brokering and wealth presence in, you know, key markets while strengthening our efforts in high growth and high margin areas of our core business. Second, we want to expand our reach across the insurance value chain and design to further accelerate our growth and fill gaps in our capabilities and footprint. And third, target businesses that would help enhance our margins and free cash flow profile. All right, I'm not going to comment on hypothetical targets, but we're looking for firms that could be a good fit culturally with minimal business disruption and, of course, satisfy the criteria I just laid out. So we're going to be thoughtful and disciplined in our approach in that environment. Thanks. That's helpful. And maybe for the second one, just, you know, your thoughts on the pricing environment and how we should think about that headed into 2025 compared to 2024. And, you know, I know you guys have given high-level guidance that sort of includes all of that, but maybe just some extra texture around the pricing environment and how that's evolving. I assume you're referring to commercial risk when you're talking about the pricing environment. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Specifically Risk and Broking. Yep, sorry. Okay. Yeah. Just wanted to be clear. I mean, the market's further stabilized in the fourth quarter. I mean, most lines of insurance are showing positive outcomes for our clients. And insurers are continuing to look for growth, and that's leading to increased competition in the market. The market remains especially advantageous for well-risk-managed, non-cash-driven, and loss-free clients. From a geographic point of view, Asia Pacific and Latin America are leading the market shift towards softening, where local market supply and the international insurers or markets compete, and that leads to better results for our clients. Most property lines continue to be stable to improving for our clients, with some rate reductions available depending on the risk profile. Rate reductions are still available, but the seller rating in cyber and financial and professional lines and the global casualty market, in contrast, remains rather firm, with the North American market, maybe except for workers' comp, still challenging. Overall, we don't view rate as a significant or headwind or tailwind across our R&B portfolio in terms of how it impacted us this past quarter or during the year. Our growth was driven primarily by high retention rates and new business, as well as the investments we talked about earlier we've made over the last few years and the reorientation of the R&B business towards specialization. We think that's really made a difference for us, and we'll continue to differentiate us. Our next question will come from the line of Michael Zaremski with BMO. Hey, good morning. This is Charlie on for Mike. Just going back to the reinsurance joint venture, Carl mentioned the focused approach. Can you add some color on what areas you see the opportunity, and is there anything more you can share about the terms, whether in terms of financial commitments or a buyout option or anything else we should be thinking about? Yeah, we're not going to get into the specific terms of the JV agreement. You know, in terms of timing and things of that nature, I think, you know, as we alluded to, the structure provides us with flexibility to deploy capital if and when it makes sense to continue to expand that just based on the size of the opportunity that we see. You know, it will take some time for us to reach critical mass and have an impact there. You know, there is the opportunity and potential for WTW to wholly own the asset at some point in the future if that's what makes sense. And, you know, so we're really excited about the business opportunity there. I think it will contribute a lot to the platform and, you know, looking forward to talking more about it as it evolves. Thanks. And, Andrew, you mentioned an opportunity with taxes to maybe get a more favorable rate. Can you add some color around that as well? Yeah, sure. You know, we're always, you know, looking for opportunities to be efficient from a tax perspective. You know, Pillar Two is still being implemented globally, and there are still some moving pieces there. So, you know, I think there could be some, you know, slight upside to the guide that we gave. Our next question will come from the line of Paul Newsom with Piper Sandler. Hi, good morning. It's actually Paul Newsom, but I'll pick up my first thing first. I was hoping you could add similar to what you talked about with the Risk and Broking comment about the sort of environment for pricing and competition. We hear a lot about health insurance and inflation, but it's kind of tough to translate that back to your Health and Wealth and Career business as well. But maybe if you could kind of expand upon that in a similar way that you did with the Risk and Broking business. Sure. Obviously, there we have a pretty good span of businesses in HWC. Let me start with health. Healthcare inflation has a direct impact on premiums paid for fully insured plans. Those are prevalent outside North America and in the small/middle markets in North America. Healthcare inflation has an indirect impact on self-insured plans, which are nearly universal among large markets in North America. During periods of high healthcare inflation, the sponsors of self-insured plans often engage in new ways to keep costs in check, which can generate opportunities for us. We have a relatively smaller portion of our health business outside North America and in the North America middle market compared to others. That being said, we are very pleased with Health's organic revenue growth for 2024, and healthcare inflation was one, but only one of the factors that helped deliver that result, and we expect that trend to continue, which leads to our outlook for high single-digit growth prospects for that business for 2025 based on our expected pipeline and commission streams. Moving over to Wealth, right, the Wealth business has got several components. Our pensions consulting business is largely annuity-based with very long-term relationships that can stretch multiple decades. The drivers there for growth are often regulatory activity, which could drive demand, and then de-risking of pension plans or what you would call pension risk transfer. On the PRT side, we continue to see strong demand for consulting. The interest rate environment that drives demand for pension de-risking strategies, but there are also strategies that drive - sorry, factors that drive activity, such as the level of surplus assets in the system. We think that the overall volume of annuity buy-ins and buyouts in the U.S. is expected to be similar compared to prior years. On the career side, this is probably the most economically sensitive of our businesses, but one we have taken substantial activity over the past years to de-risk a bit with respect to activity. A couple of things to think about. One is we've been focused on rebalancing our portfolio. We still have meaningful project work, but we now have a greater balance of product, software, and annuity-type relationships. Those tend to be recurring and multi-year. That includes things like compensation benchmarking, compensation committee appointments, and our digital solutions like Embark and Engage. Second is our disciplined focus. If we were simply responding to RFPs, we wouldn't be seeing the growth we are. We're out there in the marketplace and generating activity. Like the wealth business, regulatory change and what this can provoke for companies rethinking their talent strategy drives demand for our business here. And then lastly, benefits delivery and outsourcing, right? These are typically multi-year contracts with a very, very high renewal rate. We do manage this business not just for growth, but for profitable growth. So if we see, you know, competitive activity driving down price beyond the point where we think we can achieve a good return on a contract, we will, you know, pass on the opportunity. So our growth there, we like to think of as being measured by the opportunity out there. That's a quick survey of HWC. That's great. Maybe for a second question, we could switch to your middle market property casualty business. You've long had a middle market platform. I'm just curious at this point, are there geographies within that middle market platform that are particularly strong or particularly lacking in general as you look towards trying to expand that middle market platform? I mean, first off, from a performance perspective, we've seen good growth across the portfolio. You know, we have a business that includes lots of mid-market companies across the world, and we've been growing all geographies over the past, you know, several years. So we're quite happy with that strategy. Now, in terms of the opportunity, you know, there are geographies we see where we are relatively underweight. We highlighted the U.S., which is the world's largest insurance market, as a place where we see significant opportunity. And we will be addressing that both organically, as we have been for the past several years, as well as looking at the inorganic potential there as well. Our next question comes from the line of Mark Hughes with Truist Securities. Yeah, thank you. Good morning. Andrew, the 18.4% normalized free cash, is that recast for the capitalized software cost? Looks like it's about 110 basis points. Does that already include that headwind? Yeah. No, so the 18.4 that I referenced is on a current calculation basis, not the new go forward, which will start in 2025 with Q1. So as a baseline, we might take that 110 basis points out and call it 17.3. Is that fair? That's fair on a normalized basis. Correct. Okay. And then, Carl, you mentioned how political regulatory activity may be helpful for your business. Could you expand on that a little bit? Yeah. I mean, when the regulatory environments change, clients are faced with potential change to their business, and they turn to us for evaluation of their options, understanding of what others can do, and implementation of the change, right? That's a formula that's worked very well for us for a very long time, and we expect that to continue in the future. Thank you. Our next question will come from the line of Joshua Shanker with Bank of America. Yeah, thank you very much. Carl, I really appreciate your around-the-world visit with Paul. I want to talk about that a little bit. You know, in terms of the economic sensitivity of the business, is it more revenue sensitivity, or is it margin sensitivity? You have a business with a lot of very talented people who in hard times can't produce as much, but you'll want to keep them for the recovery. How should we frame recessionary impact on revenues versus recessionary impact on margins? Yeah, really good question. First of all, I guess I'd point out, you know, this is a business that if you look at our history, we've been able to produce revenue growth in all sorts of different economic conditions. But yes, there is economic sensitivity to the overall revenue of the firm, and you can look to, you know, sort of prior crisis environments and see we've produced growth, but it's been more muted. However, you know, in terms of looking at our bottom line, you know, a substantial chunk of our compensation is variable compensation. And just as our employee, our colleagues share in the upside, they help us manage through the downside as well. So we've been able to deliver, you know, stable or more stable operating income results through thick and thin as a result. Great. In terms of two things that we're starting to worry about, there's some concern about the potential for recession. There's also maybe more at the forefront is concerns about inflation. Confronted with both recession and inflation simultaneously, do the two net each other out in the way that your revenues are generated, or is one a bigger impact on your fate than the other? Yeah. Remember those fabulous '70s, I guess is what you're saying, right? Thinking about climates like that. I think that, you know, there's a difference. Some of the parts that are across the business can work in very, very different ways. I mean, you know, inflation will affect the price of insurance as well as asset values. That will help us in terms of our commission-based income in both segments, as well as the asset-based fees we may be getting within the wealth business. It does affect, of course, our compensation costs, but as I just alluded to, we've got some control over that. And we've also been able to manage for the past, you know, couple of decades through, you know, efforts like our right real estate, right workforce location programs to be able to help manage, you know, our biggest chunk of costs across the organization, which is comp and benefits. So we think that, you know, because of the flexibility we've engendered in this organization, increasingly so over the last three years, we're pretty well positioned to weather all sorts of economic and climate climates, including stagflation. Our next question will come from the line of David Motemaden with Evercore ISI. Hey, good morning. I had a bigger picture margin question just around the natural operating leverage for the enterprise, just sort of, you know, growing revenues faster than expenses. I believe in 2021, and I know I'm going back, but back then you guys had called out around 70 basis points a year of natural operating leverage, but the mix has changed a bit since then. So I'm wondering if that still stands as a good baseline to consider before thinking about some of the other moving pieces here in 2025. Yeah. I think, you know, that may have been relevant at that time with that business mix, as you suggested. I think there were, you know, obviously several components that are no longer part of the business portfolio. So I think I do think the best way to think about it now is what I was alluding to earlier, you know, which is the 100 basis points on average over the next three years in R&B, you know, continued incremental margin improvement in HWC, which, you know, already has, you know, very high margins. And then, you know, factoring in the tailwind at the enterprise level from the divestiture of Transact. So I think if you think about that, weigh the portfolio, that's probably the best way to think about sort of the margin expansion opportunity going forward. Okay. Great. Thank you. And then just wanted to follow up on what sort of hiring and what sort of employment growth, you know, within the Willis employee base you guys saw in 2024. I think it was like 2%-3% in 2023 if I look at just headcount growth. How was that in 2024? And is that sort of like a good run rate to think about how you guys are expecting to grow headcount and maybe more specifically producers into 2025? Yeah. It's not a bad way to think about it. I mean, philosophically, you know, we look at it this way. You know, we had a focused effort several years ago to replenish our talent base, and we talked a little bit about the effect that's had on our revenue trajectory. But, you know, these days our current hiring efforts are more opportunistic than more strategic with the goal of enhancing our ability to achieve sustainable, profitable growth and create value. And so, you know, with respect to our hiring and overall expense base, you know, any incremental investments, whether they're in talent or they're in technology, aren't going to prevent us from hitting our margin targets. We expect to get to those with the hiring we contemplate. Our next question will come from the line of Meyer Shields with KBW. Great. Thanks. Two small modeling questions. First, I'm a little unclear. When you talk about the $1.5 billion of share repurchases, is that the baseline assuming no inorganic activity, but if there is any of substance that goes down, or does that $1.5 billion take some into account? Yeah. The $1.5 billion is the baseline, and depending on the size of any inorganic opportunities that could come down if, you know, we find an attractive return opportunity to invest those funds in aside from share repurchases. Okay. Thanks for the clarification. And then I think, Carl, you mentioned some timing issues in career. Is there any way of ballparking the impact on either revenues or margins? Well, I mean, we talked about the prepared remarks, right? The projects that were delayed from Q4- Q1, they're sold, right? We fully expect those to start this quarter. You know, more broadly, our pipeline remains robust. Our proactive discussions with clients and prospects continue to turn up many needs that our clients want our help to address. And I talked a little bit about, you know, the balance we have between products and software and consulting that's designed to deliver a more level pattern of growth. That concludes today's question and answer session. I'd like to turn the call back to Carl Hess for closing remarks. Thank you again, all of you, for joining us. I once again want to extend my thanks and appreciation to all our WTW colleagues globally. Their dedication and commitment has made 2024 such a success. I look forward to maintaining our momentum in 2025 as we continue to implement our updated strategy and deliver for our clients. Thank you. Have a great day. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.